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Current Diabetes Reports
Published in: Current Diabetes Reports 6/2015

01-06-2015 | Diabetes, Other Diseases, and New Complications: Emerging Associations (JJ Nolan, Section Editor)

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Common Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Authors: Chiara Saponaro, Melania Gaggini, Amalia Gastaldelli

Published in: Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 6/2015

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Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for advanced liver disease, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of NAFLD in the general population is around 30 %, but it is up to three times higher in those with T2DM. Among people with obesity and T2DM, the NAFLD epidemic also is worsening. Therefore, it is important to identify early metabolic alterations and to prevent these diseases and their progression. In this review, we analyze the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to NAFLD, particularly, those common to T2DM, such as liver and muscle insulin resistance. However, it is mainly adipose tissue insulin resistance that results in increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, inflammation, and lipotoxicity. Although genetics predispose to NAFLD, an unhealthy lifestyle, including high-fat/high-sugar diets and low physical activity, increases the risk. In addition, alterations in gut microbiota and environmental chemical agents, acting as endocrine disruptors, may play a role.
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Metadata
Title
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Common Pathophysiologic Mechanisms
Authors
Chiara Saponaro
Melania Gaggini
Amalia Gastaldelli
Publication date
01-06-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 6/2015
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0607-4

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