Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Neurofibromatosis Type 1 | Review

Treatment decisions and the use of MEK inhibitors for children with neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas

Authors: Amy E. Armstrong, Allan J. Belzberg, John R. Crawford, Angela C. Hirbe, Zhihong J. Wang

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most common tumor predisposition syndrome, occurs when NF1 gene variants result in loss of neurofibromin, a negative regulator of RAS activity. Plexiform neurofibromas (PN) are peripheral nerve sheath tumors that develop in patients with NF1 and are associated with substantial morbidity and for which, until recently, the only treatment was surgical resection. However, surgery carries several risks and a proportion of PN are considered inoperable. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of PN led to the investigation of targeted therapies as medical treatment options, and the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib has shown promising efficacy in pediatric patients with NF1 and symptomatic, inoperable PN. In a phase I/II trial, most children (approximately 70%) achieved reduction in tumor volume accompanied by improvements in patient-reported outcomes (decreased tumor-related pain and improvements in quality of life, strength, and range of motion). Selumetinib is currently the only licensed medical therapy indicated for use in pediatric patients with symptomatic, inoperable NF1-PN, with approval based on the results of this pivotal clinical study. Several other MEK inhibitors (binimetinib, mirdametinib, trametinib) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib are also being investigated as medical therapies for NF1-PN. Careful consideration of multiple aspects of both disease and treatments is vital to reduce morbidity and improve outcomes in patients with this complex and heterogeneous disease, and clinicians should be fully aware of the risks and benefits of available treatments. There is no single treatment pathway for patients with NF1-PN; surgery, watchful waiting, and/or medical treatment are options. Treatment should be individualized based on recommendations from a multidisciplinary team, considering the size and location of PN, effects on adjacent tissues, and patient and family preferences. This review outlines the treatment strategies currently available for patients with NF1-PN and the evidence supporting the use of MEK inhibitors, and discusses key considerations in clinical decision-making.
Literature
1.
Bergqvist C, Servy A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Ferkal S, Combemale P, Wolkenstein P. Neurofibromatosis 1 French national guidelines based on an extensive literature review since 1966. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020;15(1):37.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
2.
Evans DG, Howard E, Giblin C, Clancy T, Spencer H, Huson SM, Lalloo F. Birth incidence and prevalence of tumor-prone syndromes: estimates from a UK family genetic register service. Am J Med Genet A. 2010;152A(2):327–32.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Lammert M, Friedman JM, Kluwe L, Mautner VF. Prevalence of neurofibromatosis 1 in German children at elementary school enrollment. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141(1):71–4.PubMedCrossRef
4.
5.
Gutmann DH, Ferner RE, Listernick RH, Korf BR, Wolters PL, Johnson KJ. Neurofibromatosis type 1. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17004.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Davies BR, Logie A, McKay JS, Martin P, Steele S, Jenkins R, Cockerill M, Cartlidge S, Smith PD. AZD6244 (ARRY-142886), a potent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1/2 kinases: mechanism of action in vivo, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship, and potential for combination in preclinical models. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6(8):2209–19.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Roberts PJ, Stinchcombe TE. KRAS mutation: should we test for it, and does it matter? J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(8):1112–21.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Tabata MM, Li S, Knight P, Bakker A, Sarin KY. Phenotypic heterogeneity of neurofibromatosis type 1 in a large international registry. JCI Insight. 2020;5(16): e136262.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Tonsgard JH. Clinical manifestations and management of neurofibromatosis type 1. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2006;13(1):2–7.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Fjermestad KW, Nyhus L, Kanavin ØJ, Heiberg A, Hoxmark LB. Health survey of adults with neurofibromatosis 1 compared to population study controls. J Genet Couns. 2018;27(5):1102–10.PubMedCrossRef
11.
12.
Kallionpaa RA, Uusitalo E, Leppavirta J, Poyhonen M, Peltonen S, Peltonen J. Prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 in the Finnish population. Genet Med. 2018;20(9):1082–6.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Uusitalo E, Leppävirta J, Koffert A, Suominen S, Vahtera J, Vahlberg T, Pöyhönen M, Peltonen J, Peltonen S. Incidence and mortality of neurofibromatosis: a total population study in Finland. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(3):904–6.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Legius E, Messiaen L, Wolkenstein P, Pancza P, Avery RA, Berman Y, Blakeley J, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Cunha KS, Ferner R, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Legius syndrome: an international consensus recommendation. Genet Med. 2021;23(8):1506–13.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
Mautner VF, Asuagbor FA, Dombi E, Fünsterer C, Kluwe L, Wenzel R, Widemann BC, Friedman JM. Assessment of benign tumor burden by whole-body MRI in patients with neurofibromatosis 1. Neuro Oncol. 2008;10(4):593–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Blakeley JO, Plotkin SR. Therapeutic advances for the tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, type 2, and schwannomatosis. Neuro Oncol. 2016;18(5):624–38.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Akshintala S, Baldwin A, Liewehr DJ, Goodwin A, Blakeley JO, Gross AM, Steinberg SM, Dombi E, Widemann BC. Longitudinal evaluation of peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1: growth analysis of plexiform neurofibromas and distinct nodular lesions. Neuro Oncol. 2020;22(9):1368–78.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Wise JB, Cryer JE, Belasco JB, Jacobs I, Elden L. Management of head and neck plexiform neurofibromas in pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131(8):712–8.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Gross AM, Singh G, Akshintala S, Baldwin A, Dombi E, Ukwuani S, Goodwin A, Liewehr DJ, Steinberg SM, Widemann BC. Association of plexiform neurofibroma volume changes and development of clinical morbidities in neurofibromatosis 1. Neuro Oncol. 2018;20(12):1643–51.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Avery RA, Katowitz JA, Fisher MJ, Heidary G, Dombi E, Packer RJ, Widemann BC. Orbital/periorbital plexiform neurofibromas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: multidisciplinary recommendations for care. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(1):123–32.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Plotkin SR, Davis SD, Robertson KA, Akshintala S, Allen J, Fisher MJ, Blakeley JO, Widemann BC, Ferner RE, Marcus CL. Sleep and pulmonary outcomes for clinical trials of airway plexiform neurofibromas in NF1. Neurology. 2016;87:S13-20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Kitano D, Osaki T, Nakasone M, Nomura T, Hashikawa K, Terashi H. Two cases of debulking surgery for lower limb diffuse plexiform neurofibroma with transcatheter arterial embolisation. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2019;55:132–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Allen R, Epelman M, Cruz-Diaz O, Ellsworth P. Pelvic plexiform neurofibroma during bowel/bladder dysfunction in an NF1 pediatric patient: a case report. Urol Case Rep. 2021;38: 101722.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Prada CE, Rangwala FA, Martin LJ, Lovell AM, Saal HM, Schorry EK, Hopkin RJ. Pediatric plexiform neurofibromas: impact on morbidity and mortality in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Pediatr. 2012;160(3):461–7.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Nguyen R, Kluwe L, Fuensterer C, Kentsch M, Friedrich RE, Mautner VF. Plexiform neurofibromas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: frequency and associated clinical deficits. J Pediatr. 2011;159(4):652-655.e652.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Evans DG, Baser ME, McGaughran J, Sharif S, Howard E, Moran A. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis 1. J Med Genet. 2002;39(5):311–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Ferrari A, Miceli R, Rey A, Oberlin O, Orbach D, Brennan B, Mariani L, Carli M, Bisogno G, Cecchetto G, et al. Non-metastatic unresected paediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas: results of a pooled analysis from United States and European groups. Eur J Cancer. 2011;47(5):724–31.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Lunati-Rozie A: Review of the causes of death in type 1 neurofibromatosis: follow-up of a cohort of 1488 patients. Poster abstract. 2021 Virtual NF Conference, 14–16 June 2021.
29.
Miller DT, Freedenberg D, Schorry E, Ullrich NJ, Viskochil D, Korf BR, Council On G. American College Of Medical G, Genomics: Health supervision for children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Pediatrics. 2019;143(5): e20190660.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Fisher MJ, Blakeley JO, Weiss BD, Dombi E, Ahlawat S, Akshintala S, Belzberg AJ, Bornhorst M, Bredella MA, Cai W, et al. Management of neurofibromatosis type 1-associated plexiform neurofibromas. Neuro Oncol. 2022;24(11):1827–44.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Prudner BC, Ball T, Rathore R, Hirbe AC. Diagnosis and management of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: current practice and future perspectives. Neurooncol Adv. 2020;2:i40-49.PubMed
32.
Foiadelli T, Naso M, Licari A, Orsini A, Magistrali M, Trabatti C, Luzzi S, Mosconi M, Savasta S, Marseglia GL. Advanced pharmacological therapies for neurofibromatosis type 1-related tumors. Acta Biomed. 2020;91:101–14.PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
34.
Iheanacho I, Yoo HK, Yang X, Dodman S, Hughes R, Amin S. Epidemiological and clinical burden associated with plexiform neurofibromas in pediatric neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1): a systematic literature review. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(2):1281–93.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Ikuta K, Nishida Y, Sakai T, Koike H, Ito K, Urakawa H, Imagama S. Surgical treatment and complications of deep-seated nodular plexiform neurofibromas associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Clin Med. 2022;11(19):5695.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Canavese F, Krajbich JI. Resection of plexiform neurofibromas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31(3):303–11.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Friedrich RE, Diekmeier C. Peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the upper extremity and hand in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: topography of tumors and evaluation of surgical treatment in 62 patients. GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW. 2017;6:Doc15.PubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Friedrich RE, Tuzcu CT. Surgery for peripheral nerve sheath tumours of the buttocks, legs and feet in 90 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. In Vivo. 2021;35(2):889–905.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Zipfel J, Al-Hariri M, Gugel I, Haas-Lude K, Grimm A, Warmann S, Krimmel M, Mautner VF, Tatagiba M, Schuhmann MU. Surgical management of peripheral nerve sheath tumours in children, with special consideration of neurofibromatoses. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36(10):2433–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Selumetinib for treating symptomatic and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis in children aged 3 and over. In: Highly specialised technologies guidance (HST20). 2022.
41.
Tovo Filho R, Carnevale FC, Curi TZ, Tovo FM, da Costa Pereira Cestari S, Vaz de Oliveira Bomtempo AP, Palâncio Morais GC, Venancio de Souza AR, Tovo RF, Zattar LC, et al. Surgery combined with embolization in the treatment of plexiform neurofibroma: case report and literature review. JAAD Case Rep. 2020;6(5):462–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Copley-Merriman C, Yang X, Juniper M, Amin S, Yoo HK, Sen SS. Natural history and disease burden of neurofibromatosis type 1 with plexiform neurofibromas: a systematic literature review. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2021;12:55–66.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Yang FC, Ingram DA, Chen S, Hingtgen CM, Ratner N, Monk KR, Clegg T, White H, Mead L, Wenning MJ, et al. Neurofibromin-deficient Schwann cells secrete a potent migratory stimulus for Nf1+/- mast cells. J Clin Invest. 2003;112(12):1851–61.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Yang FC, Ingram DA, Chen S, Zhu Y, Yuan J, Li X, Yang X, Knowles S, Horn W, Li Y, et al. Nf1-dependent tumors require a microenvironment containing Nf1+/– and c-kit-dependent bone marrow. Cell. 2008;135(3):437–48.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Yang FC, Chen S, Clegg T, Li X, Morgan T, Estwick SA, Yuan J, Khalaf W, Burgin S, Travers J, et al. Nf1+/- mast cells induce neurofibroma like phenotypes through secreted TGF-beta signaling. Hum Mol Genet. 2006;15(16):2421–37.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Acar S, Armstrong AE, Hirbe AC. Plexiform neurofibroma: shedding light on the investigational agents in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2022;31(1):31–40.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Lasater EA, Bessler WK, Mead LE, Horn WE, Clapp DW, Conway SJ, Ingram DA, Li F. Nf1+/- mice have increased neointima formation via hyperactivation of a Gleevec sensitive molecular pathway. Hum Mol Genet. 2008;17(15):2336–44.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
Jessen WJ, Miller SJ, Jousma E, Wu J, Rizvi TA, Brundage ME, Eaves D, Widemann B, Kim MO, Dombi E, et al. MEK inhibition exhibits efficacy in human and mouse neurofibromatosis tumors. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(1):340–7.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Dombi E, Baldwin A, Marcus LJ, Fisher MJ, Weiss B, Kim A, Whitcomb P, Martin S, Aschbacher-Smith LE, Rizvi TA, et al. Activity of selumetinib in neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(26):2550–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Gross AM, Wolters PL, Dombi E, Baldwin A, Whitcomb P, Fisher MJ, Weiss B, Kim A, Bornhorst M, Shah AC, et al. Selumetinib in children with inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(15):1430–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Weiss BD, Wolters PL, Plotkin SR, Widemann BC, Tonsgard JH, Blakeley J, Allen JC, Schorry E, Korf B, Robison NJ, et al. NF106: a neurofibromatosis clinical trials consortium phase II trial of the MEK inhibitor mirdametinib (PD-0325901) in adolescents and adults with NF1-related plexiform neurofibromas. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(7):797–806.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
Moertel C: ReNeu: phase 2b trial of mirdametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with NF1-associated plexiform neurofibroma causing significant morbidity. Speaker abstract. In.; 2021 Virtual NF Conference, 14–16 June 2021.
53.
Fisher MJ, Shih CS, Rhodes SD, Armstrong AE, Wolters PL, Dombi E, Zhang C, Angus SP, Johnson GL, Packer RJ, et al. Cabozantinib for neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas: a phase 2 trial. Nat Med. 2021;27(1):165–73.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
McCowage BG, Mueller S, Pratilas CA, Hargrave DR, Moertel CL, Whitlock J, Fox E, Hingorani P, Russo MW, Dasgupta K, et al. Trametinib in pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1)–associated plexiform neurofibroma: a phase I/IIa study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15):10504.CrossRef
55.
Reddy A: Binimetinib leads to radiographic response in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 associated plexiform neurofibromas: a report from the NFCTC and PNOC. Speaker abstract. In.; 2021 Virtual NF Conference, 14–16 June 2021.
56.
US Food and Drug Administration. Koselugo (selumetinib) Prescribing Information. Wilmington: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; 2021.
57.
Koselugo (selumetinib) Summary of Product Characteristics. Södertälje: AstraZeneca AB; 2021.
58.
Gross AM, Glassberg B, Wolters PL, Dombi E, Baldwin A, Fisher MJ, Kim AR, Bornhorst M, Weiss BD, Blakeley JO, et al. Selumetinib in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and asymptomatic inoperable plexiform neurofibroma at risk for developing tumor-related morbidity. Neuro Oncol. 2022;24(11):1978–88.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
Banerji U, Camidge DR, Verheul HM, Agarwal R, Sarker D, Kaye SB, Desar IM, Timmer-Bonte JN, Eckhardt SG, Lewis KD, et al. The first-in-human study of the hydrogen sulfate (Hyd-sulfate) capsule of the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886): a phase I open-label multicenter trial in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16(5):1613–23.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Gross AM, Dombi E, Wolters PL, Baldwin A, Dufek A, Herrera K, Martin S, Derdak J, Heisey KS, Whitcomb PM, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of selumetinib in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 on a phase 1/2 trial for inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. Neuro-Oncology. 2023. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​noad086.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
Mektovi (binimetinib) Prescribing Information. Boulder: Array BioPharma Inc.; 2020.
68.
69.
70.
Mekinist (trametinib) Prescribing Information. Novartis Pharmaceuticals. East Hanover: 2022.
71.
72.
Cabometyx (cabozantinib) Prescribing Information. Alameda: Exelixis Inc.; 2021.
73.
Gross AM, Dombi E, Widemann BC. Current status of MEK inhibitors in the treatment of plexiform neurofibromas. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36(10):2443–52.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Needle MN, Cnaan A, Dattilo J, Chatten J, Phillips PC, Shochat S, Sutton LN, Vaughan SN, Zackai EH, Zhao H, et al. Prognostic signs in the surgical management of plexiform neurofibroma: the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia experience, 1974–1994. J Pediatr. 1997;131(5):678–82.
75.
Nguyen R, Ibrahim C, Friedrich RE, Westphal M, Schuhmann M, Mautner VF. Growth behavior of plexiform neurofibromas after surgery. Genet Med. 2013;15(9):691–7.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Fisher MJ, Belzberg AJ, de Blank P, De Raedt T, Elefteriou F, Ferner RE, Giovannini M, Harris GJ, Kalamarides M, Karajannis MA, et al. 2016 Children’s Tumor Foundation conference on neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis. Am J Med Genet A. 2018;176(5):1258–69.
77.
78.
Carton C, Evans DG, Blanco I, Friedrich RE, Ferner RE, Farschtschi S, Salvador H, Azizi AA, Mautner V, Röhl C, et al. ERN GENTURIS tumour surveillance guidelines for individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;56: 101818.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
80.
Dombi E, Gross AM, Baldwin A, Whitcomb P, Fisher MJ, Weiss B, Kim AR, Bornhorst M, Carbonell A, Steinberg SM et al: Factors associated with response to selumetinib in children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas. Poster abstract. In.; 2020 Virtual NF Conference, 15–16 June 2020.
81.
Glassberg B: Selemetinib in children with clinically asymptomatic inoperable neurofibromatosis type 1 related plexiform neurofibromas. Speaker abstract. In.; 2020 Virtual NF Conference, 15–16 June 2020.
82.
Vaassen P, Dürr N, Röhrig A, Willing R, Rosenbaum T. Trametinib induces neurofibroma shrinkage and enables surgery. Neuropediatrics. 2019;50(5):300–3.PubMedCrossRef
83.
de Blank PMK, Gross AM, Akshintala S, Blakeley JO, Bollag G, Cannon A, Dombi E, Fangusaro J, Gelb BD, Hargrave D, et al. MEK Inhibitors for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Manifestations: Clinical Evidence and Consensus. Neuro Oncol. 2022;24(11):1845–56.
84.
Fox CJ, Tomajian S, Kaye AJ, Russo S, Abadie JV, Kaye AD. Perioperative management of neurofibromatosis type 1. Ochsner J. 2012;12(2):111–21.PubMedPubMedCentral
85.
Jackson S, Baker EH, Gross AM, Whitcomb P, Baldwin A, Derdak J, Tibery C, Desanto J, Carbonell A, Yohay K, et al. The MEK inhibitor selumetinib reduces spinal neurofibroma burden in patients with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas. Neurooncol Adv. 2020;2(1):vdaa095.PubMedPubMedCentral
86.
Dombi E, Solomon J, Gillespie AJ, Fox E, Balis FM, Patronas N, Korf BR, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Packer RJ, Belasco J, et al. NF1 plexiform neurofibroma growth rate by volumetric MRI: relationship to age and body weight. Neurology. 2007;68(9):643–7.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Casey D, Demko S, Sinha A, Mishra-Kalyani PS, Shen Y-L, Khasar S, Goheer MA, Helms WS, Pan L, Xu Y, et al. FDA approval summary: selumetinib for plexiform neurofibroma. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(15):4142–6.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Treatment decisions and the use of MEK inhibitors for children with neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas
Authors
Amy E. Armstrong
Allan J. Belzberg
John R. Crawford
Angela C. Hirbe
Zhihong J. Wang
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-10996-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

BMC Cancer 1/2023 Go to the issue

Research

Clinicomics-guided distant metastasis prediction in breast cancer via artificial intelligence

Research

Acute and early-onset cardiotoxicity in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review

Research

Hyperthermia inhibits cellular function and induces immunogenic cell death in renal cell carcinoma

Research

Clinical features and lipid metabolism genes as potential biomarkers in advanced lung cancer

Research

Incidence and pattern of childhood cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2012–2017)

Research

Radiographic and α-fetoprotein response predict pathologic complete response to immunotherapy plus a TKI in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits