Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Clinical and Translational Allergy 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Mood Disorders | Review

Psychiatric comorbidity in chronic urticaria patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Gerasimos N. Konstantinou, George N. Konstantinou

Published in: Clinical and Translational Allergy | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Dermatological illness can affect the quality of life and may coexist with psychiatric disorders.

Objective

The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the published evidence of any psychiatric disorders that may coexist with chronic urticaria (CU) and any effect psychiatric interventions may have on CU.

Methods

Following the Cochrane guidance, we conducted a systematic literature search using web-based search engines provided by PubMed (for Medline database), Google Scholar and Scopus for studies that have investigated the existence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with CU. To be included, a study had to possess features, such as: (1) distinction between chronic urticaria and allergic conditions, (2) direct collection of diagnostic psychiatric data by using clinical interview and standardized questionnaires, (3) International Classification of Disorders criteria or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for the diagnosis of mental disorders, and (4) manuscripts written or published in the English language. Unpublished research and research in progress were not included. All the eligible studies were scrutinized for any reported psychiatric interventions that had any effect on CU. The systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019122811) and was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).

Results

Twenty-five studies were identified. Almost one out of three CU patients have at least one underlying psychiatric disorder. None of the studies clarified whether the psychiatric disorders pre-existed the CU onset, and no association was found between CU severity and duration, and psychological functioning. Only one case report and two case series mentioned that treatment of psychiatric disorders with either anti-depressants, anti-anxiety drugs or psychological interventions might result in improvement of urticaria.

Conclusions

Patients with CU frequently experience psychiatric disorders. This highlights the need for a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach involving prompt recognition and management of any potential psychiatric disorder in addition to urticaria treatment. Further studies are needed to assess whether psychiatric disorders coexist with CU independently or follow urticaria onset and whether any psychological or psychiatric intervention may help in CU control.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, Abdul Latiff AH, Baker D, Ballmer-Weber B, et al. The EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2018;73(7):1393–414.PubMedCrossRef Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, Abdul Latiff AH, Baker D, Ballmer-Weber B, et al. The EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2018;73(7):1393–414.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Altinoz AE, Taskintuna N, Altinoz ST, Ceran S. A cohort study of the relationship between anger and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Adv Ther. 2014;31(9):1000–7.PubMedCrossRef Altinoz AE, Taskintuna N, Altinoz ST, Ceran S. A cohort study of the relationship between anger and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Adv Ther. 2014;31(9):1000–7.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference O’Donnell BF, Lawlor F, Simpson J, Morgan M, Greaves MW. The impact of chronic urticaria on the quality of life. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136(2):197–201.PubMedCrossRef O’Donnell BF, Lawlor F, Simpson J, Morgan M, Greaves MW. The impact of chronic urticaria on the quality of life. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136(2):197–201.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Potocka A, Turczyn-Jablonska K, Merecz D. Psychological correlates of quality of life in dermatology patients: the role of mental health and self-acceptance. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2009;18(2):53–8, 60, 62. Potocka A, Turczyn-Jablonska K, Merecz D. Psychological correlates of quality of life in dermatology patients: the role of mental health and self-acceptance. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2009;18(2):53–8, 60, 62.
5.
go back to reference Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA, Craig T, Dreyfus D, Hsieh F. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1270–7.PubMedCrossRef Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA, Craig T, Dreyfus D, Hsieh F. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(5):1270–7.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Czubalski K. Mental disorders in patients suffering from allergy. Psychiatr Pol. 1972;6:277–84.PubMed Czubalski K. Mental disorders in patients suffering from allergy. Psychiatr Pol. 1972;6:277–84.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Drunkenmolle R. Neuropsychological findings in chronic urticaria. Dtsch Gesundheitsw. 1971;26:398–401.PubMed Drunkenmolle R. Neuropsychological findings in chronic urticaria. Dtsch Gesundheitsw. 1971;26:398–401.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Koblenzer CS. Psychosomatic concepts in dermatology: a dermatologist-psychoanalyst’s viewpoint. Arch Dermatol. 1983;119:501–12.PubMedCrossRef Koblenzer CS. Psychosomatic concepts in dermatology: a dermatologist-psychoanalyst’s viewpoint. Arch Dermatol. 1983;119:501–12.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Sperber J, Shaw J, Bruce S. Psychological components and the role of adjunct interventions in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Psychother Psychosom. 1989;51:135–41.PubMedCrossRef Sperber J, Shaw J, Bruce S. Psychological components and the role of adjunct interventions in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Psychother Psychosom. 1989;51:135–41.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Clarke TW. The role of allergy in neuropsychiatry. Psychiatr Q. 1940;14:800–8.CrossRef Clarke TW. The role of allergy in neuropsychiatry. Psychiatr Q. 1940;14:800–8.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Caccavale S, Bove D, Bove RM, Montagna LA. Skin and brain: itch and psychiatric disorders. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2016;151(5):525–9.PubMed Caccavale S, Bove D, Bove RM, Montagna LA. Skin and brain: itch and psychiatric disorders. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2016;151(5):525–9.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Hergüner S, Kiliç G, Karakoç S, Tamay Z, Tüzün U, Güler N. Levels of depression, anxiety and behavioral problems and frequency of psychiatric disorders in children with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(6):1342–7.PubMedCrossRef Hergüner S, Kiliç G, Karakoç S, Tamay Z, Tüzün U, Güler N. Levels of depression, anxiety and behavioral problems and frequency of psychiatric disorders in children with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(6):1342–7.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Kuo CL, Chen CY, Huang HL, Chen WL, Lee HC, Chang CY, et al. Increased risk of major depression subsequent to a first-attack and non-infection caused urticaria in adolescence: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:181.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kuo CL, Chen CY, Huang HL, Chen WL, Lee HC, Chang CY, et al. Increased risk of major depression subsequent to a first-attack and non-infection caused urticaria in adolescence: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:181.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Lindsay K, Goulding J, Solomon M, Broom B. Treating chronic spontaneous urticaria using a brief ‘whole person’ treatment approach: a proof-of-concept study. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015;5:40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lindsay K, Goulding J, Solomon M, Broom B. Treating chronic spontaneous urticaria using a brief ‘whole person’ treatment approach: a proof-of-concept study. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015;5:40.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Broom BC. A reappraisal of the role of ‘mindbody’ factors in chronic urticaria. Postgrad Med J. 2010;86:365–70.PubMedCrossRef Broom BC. A reappraisal of the role of ‘mindbody’ factors in chronic urticaria. Postgrad Med J. 2010;86:365–70.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009;339:b2700.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009;339:b2700.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Chu CY, Cho YT, Jiang JH, Lin EI, Tang CH. Epidemiology and comorbidities of patients with chronic urticaria in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;88(2):192–8.PubMedCrossRef Chu CY, Cho YT, Jiang JH, Lin EI, Tang CH. Epidemiology and comorbidities of patients with chronic urticaria in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;88(2):192–8.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Juhlin L. Recurrent urticaria: clinical investigation of 330 patients. Br J Dermatol. 1981;104:369–81.PubMedCrossRef Juhlin L. Recurrent urticaria: clinical investigation of 330 patients. Br J Dermatol. 1981;104:369–81.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Pulimood S, Rajagopalan B, Rajagopalan M, Jacob M, John JK. Psychiatric morbidity among dermatology inpatients. Natl Med J India. 1996;9:208–10.PubMed Pulimood S, Rajagopalan B, Rajagopalan M, Jacob M, John JK. Psychiatric morbidity among dermatology inpatients. Natl Med J India. 1996;9:208–10.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Picardi A, Abeni D, Melchi CF, Puddu P, Pasquini P. Psychiatric morbidity in dermatological outpatients: an issue to be recognized. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143(5):983–91.PubMedCrossRef Picardi A, Abeni D, Melchi CF, Puddu P, Pasquini P. Psychiatric morbidity in dermatological outpatients: an issue to be recognized. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143(5):983–91.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Picardi A, Mazzotti E, Pasquini P. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among patients with skin disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:420–6.PubMedCrossRef Picardi A, Mazzotti E, Pasquini P. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among patients with skin disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:420–6.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Staubach P, Dechene M, Metz M, Magerl M, Siebenhaar F, Weller K, et al. High prevalence of mental disorders and emotional distress in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Acta Derm Venereol. 2011;91(5):557–61.PubMedCrossRef Staubach P, Dechene M, Metz M, Magerl M, Siebenhaar F, Weller K, et al. High prevalence of mental disorders and emotional distress in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Acta Derm Venereol. 2011;91(5):557–61.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Mehta V, Malhotra SK. Psychiatric evaluation of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and chronic urticaria. German J Psychiatry, 2007;10(4):104–10. Mehta V, Malhotra SK. Psychiatric evaluation of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and chronic urticaria. German J Psychiatry, 2007;10(4):104–10.
24.
go back to reference Sorour F, Abdelmoaty A, Bahary M, El Birqdar B. Psychiatric disorders associated with some chronic dermatologic diseases among a group of Egyptian dermatology outpatient clinic attendants. J Egypt Women’s Dermatol Soc. 2017;14(1):31–6.CrossRef Sorour F, Abdelmoaty A, Bahary M, El Birqdar B. Psychiatric disorders associated with some chronic dermatologic diseases among a group of Egyptian dermatology outpatient clinic attendants. J Egypt Women’s Dermatol Soc. 2017;14(1):31–6.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Atefi N, Rahimi M, Peyghambari S, Ghourchian S. Psychological status in patients with chronic urticaria. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2011;25:200–4. Atefi N, Rahimi M, Peyghambari S, Ghourchian S. Psychological status in patients with chronic urticaria. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2011;25:200–4.
26.
go back to reference Uguz F, Engin B, Yilmaz E. Axis I and axis II diagnoses in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64:225–9.PubMedCrossRef Uguz F, Engin B, Yilmaz E. Axis I and axis II diagnoses in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64:225–9.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Staubach P, Eckhardt-Henn A, Dechene M, Vonend A, Metz M, Magerl M, et al. Quality of life in patients with chronic urticaria is differentially impaired and determined by psychiatric comorbidity. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:294–8.PubMedCrossRef Staubach P, Eckhardt-Henn A, Dechene M, Vonend A, Metz M, Magerl M, et al. Quality of life in patients with chronic urticaria is differentially impaired and determined by psychiatric comorbidity. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:294–8.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Ozkan M, Oflaz SB, Kocaman N, Ozseker F, Gelincik A, Büyüköztürk S, et al. Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;99:29–33.PubMedCrossRef Ozkan M, Oflaz SB, Kocaman N, Ozseker F, Gelincik A, Büyüköztürk S, et al. Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;99:29–33.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Lapi F, Cassano N, Pegoraro V, Cataldo N, Heiman F, Cricelli I, et al. Epidemiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from a nationwide, population-based study in Italy. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174:996–1004.PubMedCrossRef Lapi F, Cassano N, Pegoraro V, Cataldo N, Heiman F, Cricelli I, et al. Epidemiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from a nationwide, population-based study in Italy. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174:996–1004.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Yang HY, Sun CC, Wu YC, Wang JD. Stress, insomnia, and chronic idiopathic urticaria—a case–control study. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104:254–63.PubMed Yang HY, Sun CC, Wu YC, Wang JD. Stress, insomnia, and chronic idiopathic urticaria—a case–control study. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104:254–63.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Calikuşu C, Yücel B, Polat A, Baykal C. The relation of psychogenic excoriation with psychiatric disorders: a comparative study. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44:256–61.PubMedCrossRef Calikuşu C, Yücel B, Polat A, Baykal C. The relation of psychogenic excoriation with psychiatric disorders: a comparative study. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44:256–61.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Chung MC, Symons C, Gilliam J, Kaminski ER. The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, and personality traits among patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51:55–63.PubMedCrossRef Chung MC, Symons C, Gilliam J, Kaminski ER. The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, and personality traits among patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51:55–63.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Demet MM, Deveci A, Taskin EO, Ermertcan AT, Yurtsever F, Deniz F, et al. Obsessive–compulsive disorder in a dermatology outpatient clinic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2005;27:426–30.PubMedCrossRef Demet MM, Deveci A, Taskin EO, Ermertcan AT, Yurtsever F, Deniz F, et al. Obsessive–compulsive disorder in a dermatology outpatient clinic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2005;27:426–30.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Sukan M, Maner F. The problems in sexual functions of vitiligo and chronic urticaria patients. J Sex Marital Ther. 2007;33:55–64.PubMedCrossRef Sukan M, Maner F. The problems in sexual functions of vitiligo and chronic urticaria patients. J Sex Marital Ther. 2007;33:55–64.PubMedCrossRef
35.
36.
go back to reference Bashir K, Dar NR, Rao SU. Depression in adult dermatology outpatients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20:811–3.PubMed Bashir K, Dar NR, Rao SU. Depression in adult dermatology outpatients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20:811–3.PubMed
37.
38.
go back to reference Gupta MA, Gupta AK. Chronic idiopathic urticaria associated with panic disorder: a syndrome responsive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants? Cutis. 1995;56:53–4.PubMed Gupta MA, Gupta AK. Chronic idiopathic urticaria associated with panic disorder: a syndrome responsive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants? Cutis. 1995;56:53–4.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Gupta MA, Gupta AK. Chronic idiopathic urticaria and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): an under-recognized comorbidity. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30:351–4.PubMedCrossRef Gupta MA, Gupta AK. Chronic idiopathic urticaria and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): an under-recognized comorbidity. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30:351–4.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Seyhan M, Aki T, Karincaoglu Y, Ozcan Η. Psychiatric morbidity in dermatology patients: frequency and results of consultations. Indian J Dermatol. 2006;51:18–22.CrossRef Seyhan M, Aki T, Karincaoglu Y, Ozcan Η. Psychiatric morbidity in dermatology patients: frequency and results of consultations. Indian J Dermatol. 2006;51:18–22.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Perugi G, Quaranta G, Belletti S, Casalini F, Mosti N, Toni C, et al. General medical conditions in 347 bipolar disorder patients: clinical correlates of metabolic and autoimmune-allergic diseases. J Affect Disord. 2015;170:95–103.PubMedCrossRef Perugi G, Quaranta G, Belletti S, Casalini F, Mosti N, Toni C, et al. General medical conditions in 347 bipolar disorder patients: clinical correlates of metabolic and autoimmune-allergic diseases. J Affect Disord. 2015;170:95–103.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Lyketsos CG, Lyketsos GC, Richardson SC, Beis A. Dysthymic states and depressive syndromes in physical conditions of presumably psychogenic origin. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1987;76:529–34.PubMedCrossRef Lyketsos CG, Lyketsos GC, Richardson SC, Beis A. Dysthymic states and depressive syndromes in physical conditions of presumably psychogenic origin. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1987;76:529–34.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
45.
go back to reference Hein UR, Henz BM, Haustein UF, Seikowski K, Aberer W, Lautenschlager S, et al. Correlation between chronic urticaria and depression/somatization disorder. Hautarzt. 1996;47:20–3.PubMedCrossRef Hein UR, Henz BM, Haustein UF, Seikowski K, Aberer W, Lautenschlager S, et al. Correlation between chronic urticaria and depression/somatization disorder. Hautarzt. 1996;47:20–3.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Sheehan-Dare RA, Henderson MJ, Cotterill JA. Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic urticaria and generalized pruritus. Br J Dermatol. 1990;123:769–74.PubMedCrossRef Sheehan-Dare RA, Henderson MJ, Cotterill JA. Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic urticaria and generalized pruritus. Br J Dermatol. 1990;123:769–74.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Consoli SG. Psychological factors in chronic urticaria. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2003;130(Spec No 1):1s73–7.PubMed Consoli SG. Psychological factors in chronic urticaria. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2003;130(Spec No 1):1s73–7.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Gregoriou S, Rigopoulos D, Katsambas A, Katsarou A, Papaioannou D, Gkouvi A, et al. Etiologic aspects and prognostic factors of patients with chronic urticaria: nonrandomized, prospective, descriptive study. J Cutan Med Surg. 2009;13:198–203.PubMedCrossRef Gregoriou S, Rigopoulos D, Katsambas A, Katsarou A, Papaioannou D, Gkouvi A, et al. Etiologic aspects and prognostic factors of patients with chronic urticaria: nonrandomized, prospective, descriptive study. J Cutan Med Surg. 2009;13:198–203.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Ben-Shoshan M, Blinderman I, Raz A. Psychosocial factors and chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review. Allergy. 2013;68:131–41.PubMedCrossRef Ben-Shoshan M, Blinderman I, Raz A. Psychosocial factors and chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review. Allergy. 2013;68:131–41.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Paus R, Theoharides TC, Arck PC. Neuroimmunoendocrine circuitry of the ‘brain–skin connection’. Trends Immunol. 2006;27:32–9.PubMedCrossRef Paus R, Theoharides TC, Arck PC. Neuroimmunoendocrine circuitry of the ‘brain–skin connection’. Trends Immunol. 2006;27:32–9.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Segerstrom SC, Miller GE. Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull. 2004;130:601–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Segerstrom SC, Miller GE. Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull. 2004;130:601–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Dalman C, Allebeck P, Gunnell D, Harrison G, Kristensson K, Lewis G, et al. Infections in the CNS during childhood and the risk of subsequent psychotic illness: a cohort study of more than one million Swedish subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:59–65.PubMedCrossRef Dalman C, Allebeck P, Gunnell D, Harrison G, Kristensson K, Lewis G, et al. Infections in the CNS during childhood and the risk of subsequent psychotic illness: a cohort study of more than one million Swedish subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:59–65.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, Mors O, Chen CY, Agerbo E, et al. Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:521–8.PubMedCrossRef Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, Mors O, Chen CY, Agerbo E, et al. Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:521–8.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Jones AL, Mowry BJ, Pender MP, Greer JM. Immune dysregulation and self-reactivity in schizophrenia: do some cases of schizophrenia have an autoimmune basis? Immunol Cell Biol. 2005;83:9–17.PubMedCrossRef Jones AL, Mowry BJ, Pender MP, Greer JM. Immune dysregulation and self-reactivity in schizophrenia: do some cases of schizophrenia have an autoimmune basis? Immunol Cell Biol. 2005;83:9–17.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Niebuhr DW, Millikan AM, Cowan DN, Yolken R, Li Y, Weber NS. Selected infectious agents and risk of schizophrenia among US military personnel. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:99–106.PubMedCrossRef Niebuhr DW, Millikan AM, Cowan DN, Yolken R, Li Y, Weber NS. Selected infectious agents and risk of schizophrenia among US military personnel. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:99–106.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Yolken RH, Torrey EF. Are some cases of psychosis caused by microbial agents? A review of the evidence. Mol Psychiatry. 2008;13:470–9.PubMedCrossRef Yolken RH, Torrey EF. Are some cases of psychosis caused by microbial agents? A review of the evidence. Mol Psychiatry. 2008;13:470–9.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Dantzer R, O’Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:46–56.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dantzer R, O’Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:46–56.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Kayser MS, Kohler CG, Dalmau J. Psychiatric manifestations of paraneoplastic disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:1039–50.PubMedCrossRef Kayser MS, Kohler CG, Dalmau J. Psychiatric manifestations of paraneoplastic disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:1039–50.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Lennox BR, Coles AJ, Vincent A. Antibody-mediated encephalitis: a treatable cause of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200:92–4.PubMedCrossRef Lennox BR, Coles AJ, Vincent A. Antibody-mediated encephalitis: a treatable cause of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200:92–4.PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Rose NR. The role of infection in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Semin Immunol. 1998;10:5–13.PubMedCrossRef Rose NR. The role of infection in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Semin Immunol. 1998;10:5–13.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Tsigos C, Chrousos GP. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:865–71.PubMedCrossRef Tsigos C, Chrousos GP. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:865–71.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Psychiatric comorbidity in chronic urticaria patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Gerasimos N. Konstantinou
George N. Konstantinou
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Clinical and Translational Allergy / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 2045-7022
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-019-0278-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Clinical and Translational Allergy 1/2019 Go to the issue