Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Current Cardiology Reports
Published in: Current Cardiology Reports 4/2011

01-08-2011

Monitoring the Patient with Transposition of the Great Arteries: Arterial Switch Versus Atrial Switch

Authors: Susan Lucy Roche, Candice Kristine Silversides, Erwin Notker Oechslin

Published in: Current Cardiology Reports | Issue 4/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Sufficient time has passed that adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) specialists now frequently encounter survivors born with complete transposition of the great arteries and palliated with an atrial or arterial switch procedure. To ensure the ongoing health of these patients, it is of paramount importance that their surgeries are understood and that physicians are aware of and remain vigilant for potential late complications. Adult survivors should be assessed annually in a regional ACHD center. Clinical assessment, electrocardiogram, and multimodality imaging are the mainstay of routine monitoring. Doppler echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality; other diagnostic tests are tailored to seek specific long-term complications. Clinicians, specialists in cardiovascular imaging, nurses and others involved in the delivery of care need special training and expertise. Care for these complex patients is best provided by multidisciplinary teams located in regional ACHD centers with access to adequate human and structural resources.
Literature
1.
Liebman J, Cullum L, Belloc NB. Natural history of transpositon of the great arteries. Anatomy and birth and death characteristics. Circulation. 1969;40:237–62.PubMed
2.
Losay J, Touchot A, Serraf A, et al. Late outcome after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Circulation. 2001;104:I-121–6.CrossRef
3.
Prêtre R, Tamisier D, Bonhoeffer P, et al. Results of the arterial switch operation in neonates with transposed great arteries. Lancet. 2001;357:1826–30.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Konstantinov IE, Alexi-Meskishvili VV, et al. Atrial switch operation: past, present, and future. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:2250–8.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Salerno TA, Ricci MR. Recognition of greatness: “The Jatene operation”. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008;136:1404.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Senning A. Surgical correction of transposition of the great vessels. Surgery. 1959;45:966–80.PubMed
7.
Mustard WT. The surgical management of transposition of the great vessels. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1964;48:953–8.PubMed
8.
Winfield JW, Eugene B. Intermediate outcome after Mustard and Senning procedures: a study by the Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2000;3:186–97.
9.
Jatene A, Fontes V, Paulista P, et al. Anatomic correction of transposition of the great vessels. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1976;72:364–70.PubMed
10.
Lecompte Y, Zannini L, Hazan E, et al. Anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1981;82:629–31.PubMed
11.
•• Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NMS, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010): the task force on the management of grown-up congenital heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2010;31:2915–57. These are the most recent guidelines published by the European Society of Cardiology. PubMedCrossRef
12.
•• Silversides CK, Salehian O, Oechslin E, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2009 Consensus Conference on the management of adults with congenital heart disease: complex congenital cardiac lesions. Can J Cardiol. 2010;26:e98–117. These are the most recent guidelines published by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society of Cardiology. PubMedCrossRef
13.
•• Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2008;118:2395–451. These are the most recent guidelines published American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. PubMedCrossRef
14.
Fredriksen PM, Pettersen E, Thaulow E. Declining aerobic capacity of patients with arterial and atrial switch procedures. Pediatr Cardiol. 2009;30:166–71.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Paul MH, Wessel HU. Exercise studies in patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial repair operations (Mustard/Senning): a review. Pediatr Cardiol. 1999;20:49–55. discussion 56.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Reybrouck T. Cardiorespiratory exercise function after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:1052–9.PubMedCrossRef
17.
van Beek E, Binkhorst M, de Hoog M, et al. Exercise performance and activity level in children with transposition of the great arteries treated by the arterial switch operation. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105:398–403.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Giardini A, Khambadkone S, Rizzo N, et al. Determinants of exercise capacity after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104:1007–12.PubMedCrossRef
19.
•• Tobler D, Williams WG, Jegatheeswaran A, et al. Cardiac outcomes in young adult survivors of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:58–64. This is the largest contemporary population of adult survivors with an ASO. Those who need further intervention in childhood are at higher risk for ventricular and valve dysfunction and arrhythmias. PubMedCrossRef
20.
Hager A, Hess J. Comparison of health related quality of life with cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease. Heart. 2005;91:517–20.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Derrick GP, Narang I, White PA, et al. Failure of stroke volume augmentation during exercise and dobutamine stress is unrelated to load-independent indexes of right ventricular performance after the Mustard operation. Circulation. 2000;102:III154–9.PubMed
22.
Uebing A, Diller G-P, Li W, Maskell M, et al. Optimised rate-responsive pacing does not improve either right ventricular haemodynamics or exercise capacity in adults with a systemic right ventricle. Cardiol Young. 2010;20:485–94.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Hesslein PS, Gutgesell HP, Gillette PC, McNamara DG. Exercise assessment of sinoatrial node function following the Mustard operation. Am Heart J. 1982;103:351–7.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Giardini A, Khambadkone S, Taylor A, Derrick G. Effect of abnormal pulmonary flow distribution on ventilatory efficiency and exercise capacity after arterial switch operation for transposition of great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:1023–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
• Opotowsky AR, Siddiqi OK, Webb GD. Trends in hospitalizations for adults with congenital heart disease in the U.S. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:460–7. These nationally representative data from the United States (US) demonstrate that the number of hospital admissions for ACHD patients in the US more than doubled between 1998 and 2005. Hospital charges attributable to these admissions have grown even more dramatically. This will have a major impact on resource allocation. PubMedCrossRef
26.
• Verheugt CL, Uiterwaal CSPM, van der Velde ET, et al. The emerging burden of hospital admissions of adults with congenital heart disease. Heart. 2010;96:872–8. This observational cohort study (n = 5798) documented a two times higher hospital admission rate than in the general population. A major increase in health care utilization is imminent in the near future. PubMedCrossRef
27.
•• Bouchardy J, Therrien J, Pilote L, et al. Atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2009;120:1679–86. A population-based analysis (n = 38,428) from Quebec, Canada, demonstrated that the lifetime incidence increased steadily with age and was associated with a doubling of the risk of adverse events. PubMedCrossRef
28.
El-Said G, Rosenberg HS, Mullins CE, et al. Dysrhythmias after Mustard’s operation for transposition of the gerat arteries. Am J Cardiol. 1972;30:526–32.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Isaacson R, Titus JL, Merideth J, et al. Apparent interruption of atrial conduction pathways after surgical repair of transposition of great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 1972;30:533–5.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Martin T, Smith L, Hernandez A, Weldon C. Dysrhythmias following the Senning operation for dextro-transposition of the great arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;85:928–32.PubMed
31.
Puley G, Siu S, Connelly M, et al. Arrhythmia and survival in patients >18 years of age after the mustard procedure for complete transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:1080–4.PubMedCrossRef
32.
• Schwerzmann M, Salehian O, Harris L, et al. Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in adults after a Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1873–9. This is a single-center review of 149 adults after a Mustard procedure. It shows that sustained ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death are more common than previously described. PubMedCrossRef
33.
Agnetti A, Carano N, Cavalli C, et al. Long-term outcome after Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries. Clin Cardiol. 2004;27:611–4.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Birnie D, Tometzki A, Curzio J, et al. Outcomes of transposition of the great arteries in the ear of atrial inflow correction. Heart. 1998;80:170–3.PubMed
35.
Dos L. Late outcome of Senning and Mustard procedures for correction of transposition of the great arteries. Heart. 2005;91:652–6.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Helbing WA, Hansen B, Ottenkamp J, et al. Long-term results of atrial correction for transposition of the great arteries: comparison of Mustard and Senning operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;108:363–72.PubMed
37.
Sarkar D, Bull C, Yates R, et al. Comparison of long-term outcomes of atrial repair of simple transposition with implications for a late arterial switch strategy. Circulation. 1999;100:II176–81.PubMed
38.
Lange R, Horer J, Kostolny M, et al. Presence of a ventricular septal defect and the Mustard operation are risk factors for late mortality after the atrial switch operation: thirty years of follow-up in 417 patients at a single center. Circulation. 2006;114:1905–13.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Rhodes LA, Wernovsky G, Keane JF, et al. Arrhythmias and intracardiac conduction after the arterial switch operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;109:303–10.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Williams WG, McCrindle BW, Ashburn DA, et al. Outcomes of 829 neonates with complete transposition of the great arteries 12–17 years after repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003;24:1–9. discussion 9–10.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Silka MJ, Hardy BG, Menashe VD, Morris CD. A population-based prospective evaluation of risk of sudden cardiac death after operation for common congenital heart defects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:245–51.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Hayashi G, Kurosaki K, Echigo S, et al. Prevalence of arrhythmias and their risk factors mid- and long-term after the arterial switch operation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2006;27:689–94.PubMedCrossRef
43.
• Wong SH, Finucane K, Kerr AR, et al. Cardiac outcome up to 15 years after the arterial switch operation. Heart Lung Circ 2008; 17:48–53. This is a single-center retrospective review including 244 patients (pediatric population). PubMedCrossRef
44.
Yamazaki A, Yamamoto N, Sakamoto T, et al. Long-term outcomes and social independence level after arterial switch operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33:239–43.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Gelatt M, Hamilton RM, Mccrindle BW, et al. Arrhythmia and mortality after the Mustard procedure: a 30-year single-center experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:194–201.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Kammeraad JAE, van Deurzen CHM, Sreeram N, et al. Predictors of sudden cardiac death after Mustard or Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:1095–102.PubMedCrossRef
47.
• Khairy P, Harris L, Landzberg MJ, et al. Sudden death and defibrillators in transposition of the great arteries with intra-atrial baffles: a multicenter study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2008;1:250–7. There was a high rate of appropriate shocks in secondary, but not in primary, prevention in this multicenter cohort study (n = 37). Inappropriate shocks and late lead-related complications are common and must be taken into account when defibrillator implantation is considered. PubMedCrossRef
48.
49.
Legendre A, Losay J, Touchot-Koné A, et al. Coronary events after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Circulation. 2003;108 Suppl 1:II186–90.PubMed
50.
Tanel RE, Wernovsky G, Landzberg MJ, et al. Coronary artery abnormalities detected at cardiac catheterization following the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:153–7.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Pedra SRFF, Pedra CAC, Abizaid AA, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound assessment late after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:2061–8.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Turner DR, Muzik O, Forbes TJ, et al. Coronary diameter and vasodilator function in children following arterial switch operation for complete transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:421–5.PubMedCrossRef
53.
• Pasquali SK, Marino BS, Powell DJ, et al. Following the arterial switch operation, obese children have risk factors for early cardiovascular disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2010;5:16–24. This article highlights the importance of counseling for cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity was associated with comorbidities and was a marker for early cardiovascular disease. PubMedCrossRef
54.
Oechslin E, Jenni R. 40 years after the first atrial switch procedure in patients with transposition of the great arteries: long-term results in Toronto and Zurich. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;48:233–7.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Moons P. Long term outcome up to 30 years after the Mustard or Senning operation: a nationwide multicentre study in Belgium. Heart. 2004;90:307–13.PubMedCrossRef
56.
• Bottega NA, Silversides CK, Oechslin EN, et al. Stenosis of the superior limb of the systemic venous baffle following a Mustard procedure: an under-recognized problem. Int J Cardiol. 2010 (in press), Oct 8 [Epub ahead of print]. This cohort study concludes that baffle problems are common and underestimated in patients after a Mustard procedure. Baffle patency should be evaluated by non-echocardiographic imaging before transvenous device implantation.
57.
Chan E, Alejos J. Pulmonary hypertension in patients after repair of transposition of the great arteries. Congenit Heart Dis. 2010;5:161–4.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Rivenes SM, Grifka R, Feltes T. Development of advanced pulmonary vascular disease in D-transposition of the great arteries after the neonatal arterial switch operation. Tex Heart Inst J. 1998;25:201–5.PubMed
59.
Sreeram N, Petros A, Peart I, Arnold R. Progressive pulmonary hypertension after the arterial switch procedure. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:620–1.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Ebenroth ES, Hurwitz RA, Cordes TM. Late onset of pulmonary hypertension after successful Mustard surgery for d-transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:127–30. A10.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Hourihan M, Colan SD, Wernovsky G, et al. Growth of the aortic anastomosis, annulus, and root after the arterial switch procedure performed in infancy. Circulation. 1993;88:615–20.PubMed
62.
Hutter PA, Thomeer BJ, Jansen P, et al. Fate of the aortic root after arterial switch operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2001;20:82–8.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Mcmahon CJ, Ravekes WJ, O’brian Smith E, et al. Risk factors for neo-aortic root enlargement and aortic regurgitation following arterial switch operation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2004;25:329–35.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Losay J, Touchot A, Capderou A, et al. Aortic valve regurgitation after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2057–62.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Schwartz ML. Long-term predictors of aortic root dilation and aortic regurgitation after arterial switch operation. Circulation. 2004;110:II-128–32.CrossRef
66.
Chen YS, Chiu ISC, Huang SC, Chen SJ. Valve-sparing procedure and Lecompte maneuver in patients with late aortic regurgitation and aortic aneurysm after the arterial switch operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;140:1191–2.PubMedCrossRef
67.
•• Haddad F, Hunt SA, Rosenthal DN, Murphy DJ. Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease, part I: anatomy, physiology, aging, and functional assessment of the right ventricle. Circulation. 2008;117:1436–48. This is an excellent review article on right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease. PubMedCrossRef
68.
Babar JL, Jones RG, Hudsmith L, et al. Application of MR imaging in assessment and follow-up of congenital heart disease in adults. Radiographics. 2010;30:e40.CrossRef
69.
•• Handschumacher M, Solomon S, Louie E, Schiller N. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:685–713. This article summarizes the expert opinion regarding the echocardiographic assessment of the RV. Note: data from the subpulmonic RV cannot be extrapolated to the RV in the subaortic position. PubMedCrossRef
70.
Wang J, Prakasa K, Bomma C, et al. Comparison of novel echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular function with ejection fraction by cardiac magnetic resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:1058–64.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Szymański P, Klisiewicz A, Lubiszewska B, et al. Application of classic heart failure definitions of asymptomatic and symptomatic ventricular dysfunction and heart failure symptoms with preserved ejection fraction to patients with systemic right ventricles. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104:414–8.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Salehian O, Schwerzmann M, Merchant N, et al. Assessment of systemic right ventricular function in patients with transposition of the great arteries using the myocardial performance index: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2004;110:3229–33.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Tamborini G, Pepi M, Galli CA, et al. Feasibility and accuracy of a routine echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115:86–9.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Kjaergaard J, Akkan D, Iversen KK, et al. Right ventricular dysfunction as an independent predictor of short- and long-term mortality in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9:610–6.PubMedCrossRef
75.
76.
Cheung MMH, Smallhorn JF, Redington AN, Vogel M. The effects of changes in loading conditions and modulation of inotropic state on the myocardial performance index: comparison with conductance catheter measurements. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:2238–42.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Kass DA, Maughan WL, Guo ZM, et al. Comparative influence of load versus inotropic states on indexes of ventricular contractility: experimental and theoretical analysis based on pressure-volume relationships. Circulation. 1987;76:1422–36.PubMed
78.
Palecek T, Skalicka L, Lachmanova J, et al. Effect of preload reduction by hemodialysis on conventional and novel echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular structure and function. Echocardiography. 2008;25:162–8.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Vogel M, Schmidt MR, Kristiansen SB, et al. Validation of myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction as a novel noninvasive index of right ventricular contractility: comparison with ventricular pressure-volume relations in an animal model. Circulation. 2002;105:1693–9.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Vogel M, Derrick G, White PA, et al. Systemic ventricular function in patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial repair: a tissue Doppler and conductance catheter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:100–6.PubMedCrossRef
81.
•• Silversides CK, Sermer M, Siu SC. Choosing the best contraceptive method for the adult with congenital heart disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2009;11:298–305. This is an excellent review article on contraception for ACHD patients. PubMedCrossRef
82.
83.
Clarkson PM, Wilson NJ, Neutze JM, et al. Outcome of pregnancy after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24:190–3.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Drenthen W. Risk of complications during pregnancy after Senning or Mustard (atrial) repair of complete transposition of the great arteries. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:2588–95.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Genoni M, Jenni R, Hoerstrup SP, et al. Pregnancy after atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries. Heart. 1999;81:276–7.PubMed
86.
Guédès A, Mercier L-A, Leduc L, et al. Impact of pregnancy on the systemic right ventricle after a Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:433–7.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Khairy P, Ouyang DW, Fernandes SM, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2006;113:517–24.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Siu SC, Sermer M, Colman JM, et al. Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease. Circulation. 2001;104:515–21.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Ploeg M, Drenthen W, Van Dijk A, Pieper P. Successful pregnancy after an arterial switch procedure for complete transposition of the great arteries. Br J Obstet Gynaelcol Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;113:243–4.CrossRef
90.
• Tobler D, Fernandes SM, Wald RM, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with transposition of the great arteries and arterial switch operation. AmJ Cardiol. 2010;106:417–20. Women of child-bearing age with an ASO are a new population. This retrospective study reports cardiac outcomes in nine women with 17 pregnancies. PubMedCrossRef
91.
•• Tanous D, Siu SC, Mason J, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide in pregnant women with heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1247–53. This is one the few prospective studies in congenital heart disease. Incorporating serial B-type natriuretic peptide levels into clinical practice can be helpful, specifically in adjudicating suspected adverse cardiac events during pregnancy. PubMedCrossRef
92.
Nieminen HP, Jokinen EV, Sairanen HI. Causes of late deaths after pediatric cardiac surgery: a population-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1263–71.PubMedCrossRef
93.
•• Patel ND, Weiss ES, Allen JG, et al. Heart transplantation for adults with congenital heart disease: analysis of the United network for organ sharing database. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88:814–21, discussion 821–2. Long-term survival of 689 adults with congenital heart disease who undergo heart transplantation have the same 5- and 10-year survival as patients without congenital heart disease, despite the higher 1-year mortality. PubMedCrossRef
94.
• Irving C, Parry G, O’Sullivan J, et al. Cardiac transplantation in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart. 2010;96:1217–22. This much smaller study confirms the findings from Patel et al. [93••]. PubMedCrossRef
95.
Burch M. Is heart transplantation for adult congenital heart disease an appropriate use of a scarce resource? Heart. 2010;96:1172–3.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Arendt K, Doll S, Mohr FW. Failing Mustard circulation with secondary pulmonary hypertension: mechanical assist device to achieve reverse pulmonary vascular remodelling for subsequent heart transplantation. Heart. 2010;96:1164.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Jouan J, Grinda J, Bricourt M, et al. Non-pulsatile axial flow ventricular assist device for right systemic faliure late after Senning procedure. Int J Artif Organs. 2009;32:243–5.PubMed
98.
George RS, Birks EJ, Radley-Smith RC, et al. Bridge to transplantation with a left ventricular assist device for systemic ventricular failure after Mustard procedure. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:306–8.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Monitoring the Patient with Transposition of the Great Arteries: Arterial Switch Versus Atrial Switch
Authors
Susan Lucy Roche
Candice Kristine Silversides
Erwin Notker Oechslin
Publication date
01-08-2011
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Cardiology Reports / Issue 4/2011
Print ISSN: 1523-3782
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3170
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-011-0185-2

Other articles of this Issue 4/2011

Current Cardiology Reports 4/2011 Go to the issue

ReviewPaper

Role of Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Coronary CT Angiography in the Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Individuals with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Letter to the Editor

Letter to the Editor: Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis—More Misunderstandings in the Expectation of a Surgical Benefit

Clinical Trial Report

The Role of Exercise Testing for Predicting Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Congenital Heart Disease

ReviewPaper

Genetic Counseling in the Adult with Congenital Heart Disease: What is the Role?

ReviewPaper

Preventing Sudden Death in the Adult with Congenital Heart Disease

ReviewPaper

Personalized Antiplatelet Therapy: Review of the Latest Clinical Evidence

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits