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Cancer Cell International
Published in: Cancer Cell International 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Molecular Imaging | Review

Virotheranostics, a double-barreled viral gun pointed toward cancer; ready to shoot?

Authors: Mohsen Keshavarz, Ailar Sabbaghi, Seyed Mohammad Miri, Abolhasan Rezaeyan, Yaser Arjeini, Amir Ghaemi

Published in: Cancer Cell International | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Compared with conventional cancer treatments, the main advantage of oncolytic virotherapy is its tumor-selective replication followed by the destruction of malignant cells without damaging healthy cells. Accordingly, this kind of biological therapy can potentially be used as a promising approach in the field of cancer management. Given the failure of traditional monitoring strategies (such as immunohistochemical analysis (in providing sufficient safety and efficacy necessary for virotherapy and continual pharmacologic monitoring to track pharmacokinetics in real-time, the development of alternative strategies for ongoing monitoring of oncolytic treatment in a live animal model seems inevitable. Three-dimensional molecular imaging methods have recently been considered as an attractive approach to overcome the limitations of oncolytic therapy. These noninvasive visualization systems provide real-time follow-up of viral progression within the cancer tissue by the ability of engineered oncolytic viruses (OVs) to encode reporter transgenes based on recombinant technology. Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is considered as one of the most prevalent nuclear imaging reporter transgenes that provides precise information regarding the kinetics of gene expression, viral biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic outcomes using the accumulation of radiotracers at the site of transgene expression. Here, we provide an overview of pre-clinical and clinical applications of hNIS-based molecular imaging to evaluate virotherapy efficacy. Moreover, we describe different types of reporter genes and their potency in the clinical trials.
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Metadata
Title
Virotheranostics, a double-barreled viral gun pointed toward cancer; ready to shoot?
Authors
Mohsen Keshavarz
Ailar Sabbaghi
Seyed Mohammad Miri
Abolhasan Rezaeyan
Yaser Arjeini
Amir Ghaemi
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Cancer Cell International / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2867
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01219-6

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