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Journal of Translational Medicine
Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Review

Milk consumption during pregnancy increases birth weight, a risk factor for the development of diseases of civilization

Authors: Bodo C Melnik, Swen Malte John, Gerd Schmitz

Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2015

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Abstract

Antenatal dietary lifestyle intervention and nutrition during pregnancy and early postnatal life are important for appropriate lifelong metabolic programming. Epidemiological evidence underlines the crucial role of increased birth weight as a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases of civilization such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. Obstetricians and general practitioners usually recommend milk consumption during pregnancy as a nutrient enriched in valuable proteins and calcium for bone growth. However, milk is not just a simple nutrient, but has been recognized to function as an endocrine signaling system promoting anabolism and postnatal growth by activating the nutrient-sensitive kinase mTORC1. Moreover, pasteurized cow’s milk transfers biologically active exosomal microRNAs into the systemic circulation of the milk consumer apparently affecting more than 11 000 human genes including the mTORC1-signaling pathway. This review provides literature evidence and evidence derived from translational research that milk consumption during pregnancy increases gestational, placental, fetal and birth weight. Increased birth weight is a risk factor for the development of diseases of civilization thus involving key disciplines of medicine. With regard to the presented evidence we suggest that dietary recommendations promoting milk consumption during pregnancy have to be re-evaluated.
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Metadata
Title
Milk consumption during pregnancy increases birth weight, a risk factor for the development of diseases of civilization
Authors
Bodo C Melnik
Swen Malte John
Gerd Schmitz
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1479-5876
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-014-0377-9

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