Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Trials 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Migraine | Study protocol

Efficacy of the Digital Therapeutic sinCephalea in the prophylaxis of migraine in patients with episodic migraine: study protocol for a digital, randomized, open-label, standard treatment controlled trial

Authors: Torsten Schröder, Hanna C. B. Brudermann, Gianna Kühn, Christian Sina, Diamant Thaçi, Matthias Nitschke, Inke R. König

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The German government implemented the Digital Healthcare Act in order to bring Digital Therapeutics into standard medical care. This is one of the first regulatory pathways to reimbursement for Digital Therapeutics (DTx). The Digital Therapeutic sinCephalea is intended to act as a prophylactic treatment of migraine by reducing the migraine days. For this, sinCephalea determines personalized nutritional recommendations using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data and enables the patients to follow a personalized low-glycemic nutrition. Migraine is a headache disorder with the highest socioeconomic burden. Emerging evidence shows that CGM-based personalized nutritional recommendations are of prophylactic use in episodic migraine. However, prospective data are yet missing to demonstrate clinical effectiveness. This study is designed to fill this gap.

Methods

Patients between 18 and 65 years of age with proven migraine and a minimal disease severity of 3 migraine days per month are included. After a 4-week baseline phase as a pre-study, patients are randomized to the DTx intervention or a waiting-list control. The objective of the study is to show differences between the intervention and control groups regarding the change of migraine symptoms and of effects of migraine on daily life.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first systematic clinical trial with a fully digital program to enable patients with migraine to follow a personalized low-glycemic nutrition in order to reduce their number of migraine days and the migraine-induced impact on daily life. Designing a clinical study using a digital intervention includes some obstacles, which are addressed in this study approach.

Trial registration

German Registry of Clinical Studies (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) DRKS-ID DRKS00024657. Registered on March 8, 2021.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
5.
go back to reference Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Birbeck GL. Migraine: the seventh disabler. J Headache Pain. 2013;14:1.CrossRef Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Birbeck GL. Migraine: the seventh disabler. J Headache Pain. 2013;14:1.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Ashina M, Buse DC, Ashina H, Pozo-Rosich P, Peres MFP, Lee MJ, et al. Migraine: integrated approaches to clinical management and emerging treatments. Lancet. 2021;397:1505–18.CrossRef Ashina M, Buse DC, Ashina H, Pozo-Rosich P, Peres MFP, Lee MJ, et al. Migraine: integrated approaches to clinical management and emerging treatments. Lancet. 2021;397:1505–18.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Saylor D, Steiner TJ. The global burden of headache. Semin Neurol. 2018;38:182–90.CrossRef Saylor D, Steiner TJ. The global burden of headache. Semin Neurol. 2018;38:182–90.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference GBD 2016 Headache Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:954–76.CrossRef GBD 2016 Headache Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:954–76.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Bonafede M, Sapra S, Shah N, Tepper S, Cappell K, Desai P. Direct and indirect healthcare resource utilization and costs among migraine patients in the United States. Headache. 2018;58:700–14.CrossRef Bonafede M, Sapra S, Shah N, Tepper S, Cappell K, Desai P. Direct and indirect healthcare resource utilization and costs among migraine patients in the United States. Headache. 2018;58:700–14.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Ziegeler C, Brauns G, Jürgens TP, May A. Shortcomings and missed potentials in the management of migraine patients - experiences from a specialized tertiary care center. J Headache Pain. 2019;20:86.CrossRef Ziegeler C, Brauns G, Jürgens TP, May A. Shortcomings and missed potentials in the management of migraine patients - experiences from a specialized tertiary care center. J Headache Pain. 2019;20:86.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Hepp Z, Dodick DW, Varon SF, Chia J, Matthew N, Gillard P, et al. Persistence and switching patterns of oral migraine prophylactic medications among patients with chronic migraine: a retrospective claims analysis. Cephalalgia. 2017;37:470–85.CrossRef Hepp Z, Dodick DW, Varon SF, Chia J, Matthew N, Gillard P, et al. Persistence and switching patterns of oral migraine prophylactic medications among patients with chronic migraine: a retrospective claims analysis. Cephalalgia. 2017;37:470–85.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Woolley JM, Bonafede MM, Maiese BA, Lenz RA. Migraine prophylaxis and acute treatment patterns among commercially insured patients in the United States. Headache. 2017;57:1399–408.CrossRef Woolley JM, Bonafede MM, Maiese BA, Lenz RA. Migraine prophylaxis and acute treatment patterns among commercially insured patients in the United States. Headache. 2017;57:1399–408.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Kelman L. The triggers or precipitants of the acute migraine attack. Cephalalgia. 2007;27:394–402.CrossRef Kelman L. The triggers or precipitants of the acute migraine attack. Cephalalgia. 2007;27:394–402.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Berry SE, Valdes AM, Drew DA, Asnicar F, Mazidi M, Wolf J, et al. Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nat Med. 2020;26:964–73.CrossRef Berry SE, Valdes AM, Drew DA, Asnicar F, Mazidi M, Wolf J, et al. Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nat Med. 2020;26:964–73.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Korem T, Zeevi D, Zmora N, Weissbrod O, Bar N, Lotan-Pompan M, et al. Bread affects clinical parameters and induces gut microbiome-associated personal glycemic responses. Cell Metab. 2017;25:1243–1253.e5 Elsevier Inc.CrossRef Korem T, Zeevi D, Zmora N, Weissbrod O, Bar N, Lotan-Pompan M, et al. Bread affects clinical parameters and induces gut microbiome-associated personal glycemic responses. Cell Metab. 2017;25:1243–1253.e5 Elsevier Inc.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Mendes-Soares H, Raveh-Sadka T, Azulay S, Edens K, Ben-Shlomo Y, Cohen Y, et al. Assessment of a personalized approach to predicting postprandial glycemic responses to food among individuals without diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e188102.CrossRef Mendes-Soares H, Raveh-Sadka T, Azulay S, Edens K, Ben-Shlomo Y, Cohen Y, et al. Assessment of a personalized approach to predicting postprandial glycemic responses to food among individuals without diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e188102.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Zeevi D, Korem T, Zmora N, Israeli D, Rothschild D, Weinberger A, et al. Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell. 2015;163:1079–94.CrossRef Zeevi D, Korem T, Zmora N, Israeli D, Rothschild D, Weinberger A, et al. Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell. 2015;163:1079–94.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference on behalf of the Food4Me Study. Effect of an internet-based, personalized nutrition randomized trial on dietary changes associated with the Mediterranean diet: the Food4Me study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104:288–97.CrossRef on behalf of the Food4Me Study. Effect of an internet-based, personalized nutrition randomized trial on dietary changes associated with the Mediterranean diet: the Food4Me study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104:288–97.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Schröder T, Kühn G, Kordowski A, Jahromi SR, Gendolla A, Evers S, et al. A digital health application allowing a personalized low-glycemic nutrition for the prophylaxis of migraine: proof-of-concept data from a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Med. 2022;11:1117 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.CrossRef Schröder T, Kühn G, Kordowski A, Jahromi SR, Gendolla A, Evers S, et al. A digital health application allowing a personalized low-glycemic nutrition for the prophylaxis of migraine: proof-of-concept data from a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Med. 2022;11:1117 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Diener H-C, Tassorelli C, Dodick DW, Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Ashina M, et al. Guidelines of the international headache society for controlled trials of preventive treatment of migraine attacks in episodic migraine in adults. Cephalalgia. 2020;40:1026–44.CrossRef Diener H-C, Tassorelli C, Dodick DW, Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Ashina M, et al. Guidelines of the international headache society for controlled trials of preventive treatment of migraine attacks in episodic migraine in adults. Cephalalgia. 2020;40:1026–44.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Diener HC, Ashina M, Durand-Zaleski I, Kurth T, Lantéri-Minet M, Lipton RB, et al. Health technology assessment for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine: a position statement of the international headache society. Cephalalgia. 2021;41:279–93.CrossRef Diener HC, Ashina M, Durand-Zaleski I, Kurth T, Lantéri-Minet M, Lipton RB, et al. Health technology assessment for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine: a position statement of the international headache society. Cephalalgia. 2021;41:279–93.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Chan A-W, Tetzlaff JM, Gøtzsche PC, Altman DG, Mann H, Berlin JA, et al. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ. 2013;346:e7586 British Medical Journal Publishing Group.CrossRef Chan A-W, Tetzlaff JM, Gøtzsche PC, Altman DG, Mann H, Berlin JA, et al. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ. 2013;346:e7586 British Medical Journal Publishing Group.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Linde K, Streng A, Jürgens S, Hoppe A, Brinkhaus B, Witt C, et al. Acupuncture for patients with migraine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293:2118.CrossRef Linde K, Streng A, Jürgens S, Hoppe A, Brinkhaus B, Witt C, et al. Acupuncture for patients with migraine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293:2118.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Jena S, Witt CM, Brinkhaus B, Wegscheider K, Willich SN. Acupuncture in patients with headache. Cephalalgia. 2008;28:969–79.CrossRef Jena S, Witt CM, Brinkhaus B, Wegscheider K, Willich SN. Acupuncture in patients with headache. Cephalalgia. 2008;28:969–79.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Vickers AJ, Rees RW, Zollman CE, McCarney R, Smith CM, Ellis N, et al. Acupuncture for chronic headache in primary care: large, pragmatic, randomised trial. BMJ. 2004;328:744.CrossRef Vickers AJ, Rees RW, Zollman CE, McCarney R, Smith CM, Ellis N, et al. Acupuncture for chronic headache in primary care: large, pragmatic, randomised trial. BMJ. 2004;328:744.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Diener H-C, Kronfeld K, Boewing G, Lungenhausen M, Maier C, Molsberger A, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture for the prophylaxis of migraine: a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:310–6.CrossRef Diener H-C, Kronfeld K, Boewing G, Lungenhausen M, Maier C, Molsberger A, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture for the prophylaxis of migraine: a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:310–6.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Bunner AE, Agarwal U, Gonzales JF, Valente F, Barnard ND. Nutrition intervention for migraine: a randomized crossover trial. J Headache Pain. 2014;15:69.CrossRef Bunner AE, Agarwal U, Gonzales JF, Valente F, Barnard ND. Nutrition intervention for migraine: a randomized crossover trial. J Headache Pain. 2014;15:69.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Darabaneanu S, Overath CH, Rubin D, Luthje S, Sye W, Niederberger U, et al. Aerobic exercise as a therapy option for migraine: a pilot study. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32:455–60.CrossRef Darabaneanu S, Overath CH, Rubin D, Luthje S, Sye W, Niederberger U, et al. Aerobic exercise as a therapy option for migraine: a pilot study. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32:455–60.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Hanssen H, Minghetti A, Magon S, Rossmeissl A, Rasenack M, Papadopoulou A, et al. Effects of different endurance exercise modalities on migraine days and cerebrovascular health in episodic migraineurs: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:1103–12.CrossRef Hanssen H, Minghetti A, Magon S, Rossmeissl A, Rasenack M, Papadopoulou A, et al. Effects of different endurance exercise modalities on migraine days and cerebrovascular health in episodic migraineurs: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:1103–12.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Krøll LS, Hammarlund CS, Linde M, Gard G, Jensen RH. The effects of aerobic exercise for persons with migraine and co-existing tension-type headache and neck pain. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Cephalalgia. 2018;38:1805–16.CrossRef Krøll LS, Hammarlund CS, Linde M, Gard G, Jensen RH. The effects of aerobic exercise for persons with migraine and co-existing tension-type headache and neck pain. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Cephalalgia. 2018;38:1805–16.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Whyte J, Dowson A, Kolodner K, Liberman JN, et al. An international study to assess reliability of the migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) score. Neurology. 1999;53:988.CrossRef Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Whyte J, Dowson A, Kolodner K, Liberman JN, et al. An international study to assess reliability of the migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) score. Neurology. 1999;53:988.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Kolodner KB, Sawyer J, Lee C, Liberman JN. Validity of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score in comparison to a diary-based measure in a population sample of migraine sufferers. Pain. 2000;88:41–52.CrossRef Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Kolodner KB, Sawyer J, Lee C, Liberman JN. Validity of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score in comparison to a diary-based measure in a population sample of migraine sufferers. Pain. 2000;88:41–52.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Coeytaux RR, Kaufman JS, Chao R, Mann JD, Devellis RF. Four methods of estimating the minimal important difference score were compared to establish a clinically significant change in headache impact test. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:374–80.CrossRef Coeytaux RR, Kaufman JS, Chao R, Mann JD, Devellis RF. Four methods of estimating the minimal important difference score were compared to establish a clinically significant change in headache impact test. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:374–80.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Jaeger S, Pfiffner C, Weiser P, Kilian R, Becker T, Längle G, et al. Adherence styles of schizophrenia patients identified by a latent class analysis of the medication adherence rating scale (MARS): a six-month follow-up study. Psychiatry Res. 2012;200:83–8.CrossRef Jaeger S, Pfiffner C, Weiser P, Kilian R, Becker T, Längle G, et al. Adherence styles of schizophrenia patients identified by a latent class analysis of the medication adherence rating scale (MARS): a six-month follow-up study. Psychiatry Res. 2012;200:83–8.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Thompson K, Kulkarni J, Sergejew AA. Reliability and validity of a new medication adherence rating scale (MARS) for the psychoses. Schizophr Res. 2000;42:241–7.CrossRef Thompson K, Kulkarni J, Sergejew AA. Reliability and validity of a new medication adherence rating scale (MARS) for the psychoses. Schizophr Res. 2000;42:241–7.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Holm S. A simple sequentially Rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat. 1979;6:65–70 Board of the Foundation of the Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Wiley. Holm S. A simple sequentially Rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat. 1979;6:65–70 Board of the Foundation of the Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Wiley.
43.
go back to reference Carpenter JR, Roger JH, Kenward MG. Analysis of longitudinal trials with protocol deviation: a framework for relevant, accessible assumptions, and inference via multiple imputation. J Biopharm Stat. 2013;23:1352–71.CrossRef Carpenter JR, Roger JH, Kenward MG. Analysis of longitudinal trials with protocol deviation: a framework for relevant, accessible assumptions, and inference via multiple imputation. J Biopharm Stat. 2013;23:1352–71.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Carpenter JR, Smuk M. Missing data: a statistical framework for practice. Biom J. 2021;63:915–47.CrossRef Carpenter JR, Smuk M. Missing data: a statistical framework for practice. Biom J. 2021;63:915–47.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Giosan C, Cobeanu O, Mogoaşe C, Szentagotai A, Mureşan V, Boian R. Reducing depressive symptomatology with a smartphone app: study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18:215.CrossRef Giosan C, Cobeanu O, Mogoaşe C, Szentagotai A, Mureşan V, Boian R. Reducing depressive symptomatology with a smartphone app: study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18:215.CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Firth J, Torous J, Nicholas J, Carney R, Rosenbaum S, Sarris J. Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2017;218:15–22.CrossRef Firth J, Torous J, Nicholas J, Carney R, Rosenbaum S, Sarris J. Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2017;218:15–22.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Byambasuren O, Sanders S, Beller E, Glasziou P. Prescribable mHealth apps identified from an overview of systematic reviews. NPJ Digital Med. 2018;1:1–12 Nature Publishing Group.CrossRef Byambasuren O, Sanders S, Beller E, Glasziou P. Prescribable mHealth apps identified from an overview of systematic reviews. NPJ Digital Med. 2018;1:1–12 Nature Publishing Group.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Klein JP, Berger T, Schröder J, Späth C, Meyer B, Caspar F, et al. Effects of a psychological internet intervention in the treatment of mild to moderate depressive symptoms: results of the EVIDENT study, a randomized controlled trial. PPS. 2016;85:218–28 Karger Publishers. Klein JP, Berger T, Schröder J, Späth C, Meyer B, Caspar F, et al. Effects of a psychological internet intervention in the treatment of mild to moderate depressive symptoms: results of the EVIDENT study, a randomized controlled trial. PPS. 2016;85:218–28 Karger Publishers.
50.
go back to reference Pöttgen J, Moss-Morris R, Wendebourg J-M, Feddersen L, Lau S, Köpke S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of a self-guided online fatigue intervention in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018;89:970–6.CrossRef Pöttgen J, Moss-Morris R, Wendebourg J-M, Feddersen L, Lau S, Köpke S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of a self-guided online fatigue intervention in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018;89:970–6.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Lorenz N, Heim E, Roetger A, Birrer E, Maercker A. Randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of an unguided online intervention with automated feedback for the treatment of insomnia. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2019;47:287–302.CrossRef Lorenz N, Heim E, Roetger A, Birrer E, Maercker A. Randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of an unguided online intervention with automated feedback for the treatment of insomnia. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2019;47:287–302.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Cohen AB, Mathews SC. The digital outcome measure. Digit Biomark. 2018;2:94–105.CrossRef Cohen AB, Mathews SC. The digital outcome measure. Digit Biomark. 2018;2:94–105.CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Pratap A, Neto EC, Snyder P, Stepnowsky C, Elhadad N, Grant D, et al. Indicators of retention in remote digital health studies: a cross-study evaluation of 100,000 participants. NPJ Digit Med. 2020;3:1–10 Nature Publishing Group.CrossRef Pratap A, Neto EC, Snyder P, Stepnowsky C, Elhadad N, Grant D, et al. Indicators of retention in remote digital health studies: a cross-study evaluation of 100,000 participants. NPJ Digit Med. 2020;3:1–10 Nature Publishing Group.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Efficacy of the Digital Therapeutic sinCephalea in the prophylaxis of migraine in patients with episodic migraine: study protocol for a digital, randomized, open-label, standard treatment controlled trial
Authors
Torsten Schröder
Hanna C. B. Brudermann
Gianna Kühn
Christian Sina
Diamant Thaçi
Matthias Nitschke
Inke R. König
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06933-2

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

Trials 1/2022 Go to the issue