Classification of Leptomeningeal Metastases from Solid Organ Malignancies and Clinical Outcomes: Series from a Cancer Research Centre

Leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) are a critical neurological manifestation of solid organ malignancies. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is necessary to improve outcomes. We classified LM on the basis of cytological or histological and imaging studies. A total of 14 patients of LM from solid organ malignancies diagnosed between July 2016 and December 2018 were included in the series. LM was classified based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Survival outcomes were noted. LM from carcinoma of breast and lung accounted for most of the cases. Type I LM was seen in 12 patients while 2 accounted for type II LM. Median overall survival (OS) was 40.5 days. Newer-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy seems promising in the treatment of LM. Classification of LM based on cytology/histology and imaging findings allows early diagnosis and treatment. Newer-generation TKIs should be used for the treatment of LM if indicated.