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01-09-2022 | Metastasis | Review

Molecular actions of exosomes and their theragnostics in colorectal cancer: current findings and limitations

Authors: Wen-Chun Lin, Chun-Chi Lin, Yen-Yu Lin, Wen-Hao Yang, Yuh-Ching Twu, Hao-Wei Teng, Wei-Lun Hwang

Published in: Cellular Oncology | Issue 6/2022

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released, membranous structures essential for intercellular communication. The biochemical compositions and physiological impacts of exosomes, lipid-bound, endosomal origin EVs, have been focused on, especially on the tumor-host interactions in a defined tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite recent progress in targeted therapy and cancer immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), cancer patients still suffer from distal metastasis and tumor relapse, suggesting unmet needs for biomarkers directing therapeutic interventions and predicting treatment responsiveness. As exosomes are indispensable for intercellular communication and high exosome abundance makes them feasible biomarker molecules, this review discusses exosome heterogeneity and how exosomes orchestrate the interplay among tumor cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and host cells, including stromal cells, endothelial cells and immunocytes, in the CRC TME. This review also discusses mechanisms for loading exosomal contents and potential exosomal DNA, RNA and protein biomarkers for early CRC detection. Finally, we summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic exosomes in clinical trials. We envision that detecting and targeting cancer-specific exosomes could provide therapeutic advances in developing personalized cancer medicine.

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Title: Molecular actions of exosomes and their theragnostics in colorectal cancer: current findings and limitations
Authors: Wen-Chun Lin
Chun-Chi Lin
Yen-Yu Lin
Wen-Hao Yang
Yuh-Ching Twu
Hao-Wei Teng
Wei-Lun Hwang
Publication date: 01-09-2022
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Keywords: Metastasis
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Biomarkers
Published in: Cellular Oncology / Issue 6/2022
Print ISSN: 2211-3428
Electronic ISSN: 2211-3436
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-022-00711-7

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