Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
World Journal of Surgical Oncology
Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Metastasis | Review

Should internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy be performed in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Jing Gong, Yongfu Yu, Gaosong Wu, Congyao Lin, Xin Tu

Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Results from studies of internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy are inconsistent.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Clinical Trials. Studies reporting the rate of internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy (IMN-SLNB) positivity were identified. We performed pooled proportion meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analyses. The correlation of IMN and axillary lymph node (AXN) metastasis was also investigated.

Results

After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 18 articles (total number of patients = 2427) were included. The pooled estimate for IMN-SLNB positivity rate was 15% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12–17%). Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed. Our results indicate that axillary lymph node metastasis is a strong predictor of IMN involvement (OR 6.01, 95% CI, 3.49, 10.34).

Conclusion

Internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis might be underestimated. Patients with positive axillary lymph nodes have a higher risk of internal lymph nodes metastasis. As a result, IMN-SLNB might be considered in these patients. Future work needs to be done to assess whether pathological confirmed IMN metastasis can affect patients’ survival.
Literature
1.
Veronesi U, Marubini E, Fau - Mariani L, Mariani L, Fau - Valagussa P, Valagussa P, Fau - Zucali R, Zucali R. The dissection of internal mammary nodes does not improve the survival of breast cancer patients. 30-year results of a randomised trial. Eur J Cancer. 1999;35(9):1320–5.CrossRef
2.
Shen J, Hunt KK, Mirza NQ, Krishnamurthy S, Singletary SE, Kuerer HM, et al. Intramammary lymph node metastases are an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2004;101(6):1330–7.CrossRef
3.
Hogan BV, Peter MB, Shenoy H, Horgan K, Shaaban A. Intramammary lymph node metastasis predicts poorer survival in breast cancer patients. Surg Oncol. 2010;19(1):11–6.CrossRef
4.
Sugg SL, Ferguson DJ, Posner MC, Heimann R. Should internal mammary nodes be sampled in the sentinel lymph node era? Ann Surg Oncol. 2000;7(3):188–92.CrossRef
5.
Whelan TJ, Olivotto IA, Parulekar WR, Ackerman I, Chua BH, Nabid A, et al. Regional nodal irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. New England J Med. 2015;373(4):307–16.CrossRef
6.
Poortmans PM, Collette S, Kirkove C, Van Limbergen E, Budach V, Struikmans H, et al. Internal mammary and medial supraclavicular irradiation in breast cancer. New England J Med. 2015;373(4):317–27.CrossRef
7.
Hennequin C, Bossard N, Servagi-Vernat S, Maingon P, Dubois JB, Datchary J, et al. Ten-year survival results of a randomized trial of irradiation of internal mammary nodes after mastectomy. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Physic. 2013;86(5):860–6.CrossRef
8.
Caudle AS, Yi M, Hoffman KE, Mittendorf EA, Babiera GV, Hwang RF, et al. Impact of identification of internal mammary sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(1):60–5.CrossRef
9.
Gnerlich JL, Barreto-Andrade JC, Czechura T, John JR, Turk MA, Kennedy TJ, et al. Accurate staging with internal mammary chain sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(2):368–74.CrossRef
10.
Abdullgaffar B, Gopal P, Abdulrahim M, Ghazi E, Mohamed E. The significance of intramammary lymph nodes in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg Pathol. 2012;20(6):555–63.CrossRef
11.
Li Z, Gu X, Tong J, Liu B, Sun L, Gao X, et al. A meta-analysis of internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Onkologie. 2013;36(12):747–52.PubMed
12.
Avisar E, Molina MA, Scarlata M, Moffat FL. Internal mammary sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2008;196(4):490–4.CrossRef
13.
Bourre JC, Payan R, Collomb D, Gallazzini-Crepin C, Calizzano A, Desruet MD, et al. Can the sentinel lymph node technique affect decisions to offer internal mammary chain irradiation? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(5):758–64.CrossRef
14.
Carcoforo P, Sortini D, Feggi L, Feo CV, Soliani G, Soliani G, Panareo S, Corcione S, et al. Clinical and therapeutic importance of sentinel node biopsy of the internal mammary chain in patients with breast cancer: a single-center study with long-term follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006; 1068-9265 (Print).
15.
Cong BB, Qiu PF, Liu YB, Zhao T, Chen P, Cao XS, et al. Validation study for the hypothesis of internal mammary sentinel lymph node lymphatic drainage in breast cancer. Oncotarget. 2016;7(27):41996–2006.CrossRef
16.
Galimberti V, Veronesi P, Arnone P, De Cicco C, Renne G, Intra M, et al. Stage migration after biopsy of internal mammary chain lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(9):924–8.CrossRef
17.
He Q, Zhuang D, Tian J, Zheng L, Fan Z, Li X. Surgical approach to internal mammary sentinel node biopsy. J Invest Surg. 2010;23(6):321–6.CrossRef
18.
Heuts EM, van der Ent FW, von Meyenfeldt MF, Voogd AC. Internal mammary lymph drainage and sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer - A study on 1008 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35(3):252–7.CrossRef
19.
Lee SK, Kim S, Choi MY, Kim J, Lee J, Jung SP, et al. The clinical meaning of intramammary lymph nodes. Oncology. 2013;84(1):1–5.CrossRef
20.
Leidenius MH, Krogerus LA, Toivonen TS, Leppanen EA, Von Smitten K.A.J. The clinical value of parasternal sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer. 2006. (1068-9265 (Print)).
21.
Mansel RE, Goyal A, Newcombe RG. Internal mammary node drainage and its role in sentinel lymph node biopsy: the initial ALMANAC experience. Clin Breast Cancer. 2004;5(4):279–84 discussion 85-6.CrossRef
22.
Maráz R, Boross G, Pap-Szekeres J, Rajtár M, Ambrózay E, Cserni G. Internal mammary sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer. is it indicated? Pathol Oncol Res. 2014;20(1):169–77.CrossRef
23.
Ozmen V, Ozcinar B, Bozdogan A, Eralp Y, Yavuz E, Dincer M. The effect of internal mammary lymph node biopsy on the therapeutic decision and survival of patients with breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015;41(10):1368–72.CrossRef
24.
Piato JR, Filassi JR, Dela Vega AJ, Coura-Filho GB, Aguiar FN, Porciuncula LM, et al. SPECT-CT-Guided thoracoscopic biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in the internal mammary chain in patients with breast cancer: a pilot study. Innovations (Phila). 2016;11(2):94–8.CrossRef
25.
Postma EL, van Wieringen S, Hobbelink MG, Verkooijen HM, van den Bongard HJ, Borel Rinkes IH, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy of the internal mammary chain in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;134(2):735–41.CrossRef
26.
Qi X-w, J-z D, Tang P, Liu X, He Q-q, Zhong L, et al. Clinical significance of internal mammary lymph node metastasis for breast cancer: Analysis of 337 breast cancer patients. Surg Oncol. 2018;27(2):185–91.CrossRef
27.
Veronesi U, Arnone P, Veronesi P, , Galimberti V, Luini A, Rotmensz N, Botteri E, et al. The value of radiotherapy on metastatic internal mammary nodes in breast cancer. Results on a large series. 2008. (1569-8041 (Electronic)).
28.
Qiu PF, Cong BB, Zhao RR, Yang GR, Liu YB, Chen P, et al. Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy with modified injection technique: high visualization rate and accurate staging. Medicine. 2015;94(41):e1790.CrossRef
29.
Ray KM, Munir R, Wisner DJ, Azziz A, Holland BC, Kornak J, et al. Internal mammary lymph nodes as incidental findings at screening breast MRI. Clin Imaging. 2015;39(5):791–3.CrossRef
30.
Savaridas SL, Spratt JD, Cox J. Incidence and potential significance of internal mammary lymphadenopathy on computed tomography in patients with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2015;9:59–65.PubMed
31.
Serrano-Vicente J, Rayo-Madrid JI, Dominguez-Grande ML, Infante-Torre JR, Garcia-Bernardo L, Moreno-Caballero M, et al. Role of SPECT-CT in breast cancer sentinel node biopsy when internal mammary chain drainage is observed. Clin Transl Oncol. 2016;18(4):418–25.CrossRef
32.
Fowble B, Hanlon A, Freedman G, Nicolaou N, Hoffman J, Sigurdson E, et al. Internal mammary node irradiation neither decreases distant metastases nor improves survival in stage I and II breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47(4):883–94.CrossRef
33.
Olson RA, Woods R, Speers C, Lau J, Lo A, Truong PT, Tyldesley S, et al. Does the intent to irradiate the internal mammary nodes impact survival in women with breast cancer? A population-based analysis in British Columbia. (1879-355X (Electronic)).
34.
Borgstein PJ, Meijer S, Pijpers RJ, van Diest PJ. Functional lymphatic anatomy for sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: echoes from the past and the periareolar blue method. (0003-4932 (Print)).
35.
Joo JH, Kim SS, Son BH, S DOA, Jung JH, Choi EK, et al. Evaluation of the prognostic stage in the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer in Patients with Breast Cancer and Internal Mammary Lymph Node Metastasis: Electronic; 2018. p. 1791–7530.
36.
Hindie E, Groheux D, Hennequin C, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Vercellino L, Berenger N, et al. Lymphoscintigraphy can select breast cancer patients for internal mammary chain radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;83(4):1081–8.CrossRef
37.
Huang O, Wang L, Fau - Shen K, Shen K, Fau - Lin H, Lin H, Fau - Hu Z, Hu Z, Fau - Liu G, Liu G, Fau - Wu J, et al. Breast cancer subpopulation with high risk of internal mammary lymph nodes metastasis: analysis of 2,269 Chinese breast cancer patients treated with extended radical mastectomy. p. 0167–6806.
Metadata
Title
Should internal mammary lymph node sentinel biopsy be performed in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Jing Gong
Yongfu Yu
Gaosong Wu
Congyao Lin
Xin Tu
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
World Journal of Surgical Oncology / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-019-1683-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

World Journal of Surgical Oncology 1/2019 Go to the issue

Technical innovations

The methods and techniques of identifying renal pedicle vessels during retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy

Research

The consumption of chili peppers and the risk of colorectal cancer: a matched case-control study

Case report

A unique presentation of superinfected pseudomyxoma peritonei secondary to a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm

Research

Routine preoperative mechanical bowel preparation with additive oral antibiotics is associated with a reduced risk of anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing elective oncologic resection for colorectal cancer

Research

Clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors for recurrence of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors after radical surgery: a case-control study

Retraction Note

Retraction Note: Decreased microRNA-452 expression and its prognostic significance in human osteosarcoma