Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Acta Diabetologica
Published in: Acta Diabetologica 2/2011

01-06-2011 | Original Article

Metabolic syndrome and vascular risk: a 9-year follow-up among the aged in Finland

Authors: Marika Salminen, Marikka Kuoppamäki, Tero Vahlberg, Ismo Räihä, Kerttu Irjala, Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä

Published in: Acta Diabetologica | Issue 2/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

The aim was to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and vascular risk among the aged. A prospective population-based study, with a 9-year follow-up. All subjects of the municipality of Lieto in Finland aged ≥64 in 1998–99 participated (n = 1183). Hazard ratios (HRs) for fatal or non-fatal coronary (CHD), cerebrovascular (CV), or all vascular events predicted by MetS (defined by International Diabetes Federation) were estimated. During the 9-year follow-up, a total of 348 vascular events occurred, including 208 CHD and 150 CV events. After multivariable adjustment, CHD events (1.70, 1.07–2.71, P = .026) and vascular events (1.57, 1.07–2.30, P = .021) were more common in men with MetS compared to men without it. Evaluating MetS components individually, low HDL-cholesterol among women predicted a higher occurrence of CV (2.44, 1.46–4.09, P < .001) and all vascular (1.78, 1.26–2.53, P = .001) events. Elevated blood pressure among men was related to fewer CHD events (0.46, 0.25–0.83, P = .010). Our findings suggest that MetS does predict vascular events in late life among men. In older women, only low HDL-cholesterol was associated with vascular risk. Slightly or moderately elevated blood pressure values do not predict vascular events in this age group.
Literature
1.
2.
Kip KE, Marroquin OC, Kelley DE et al (2004) Clinical importance of obesity versus metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular risk in women: a report from the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Circulation 109:706–713PubMedCrossRef
3.
Marroquin OC, Kip KE, Kelley DE et al (2004) Metabolic syndrome modifies the cardiovascular risk associated with angiographic coronary artery disease in women: a report from the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. Circulation 109:714–721PubMedCrossRef
4.
Sone H, Mizuno S, Fuji H et al (2005) Is the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome useful for predicting cardiovascular disease in Asian diabetic patients? Diabetes Care 28:1463–1471PubMedCrossRef
5.
Daly CA, Hildebrandt M, Bertrand M et al (2007) Adverse prognosis associated with the metabolic syndrome in established coronary artery disease: data from the EUROPA trial. Heart 93:1406–1411PubMedCrossRef
6.
De Simone G, Devereux RB, Chinali M et al (2007) Prognostic impact of metabolic syndrome by different definitions in a population with high prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:1851–1856PubMedCrossRef
7.
Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE et al (2007) Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:403–414PubMedCrossRef
8.
Nilsson PM, Engström G, Heblad B (2007) The metabolic syndrome and incidence of cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic subjects—a population-based study comparing three different definitions. Diabet Med 24:464–472PubMedCrossRef
9.
Ninomiya T, Kubo M, Doi Y et al (2007) Impact of metabolic syndrome on the development of cardiovascular disease in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Stroke 38:2063–2069PubMedCrossRef
10.
Tong PC, Kong AP, So W-Y et al (2007) The usefulness of the International Diabetes Federation and the national Cholesterol education Program’s Adult Treatment panel III definitions of the metabolic syndrome in predicting coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:1206–1211PubMedCrossRef
11.
Dai DF, Hwang JJ, Chen CL et al (2010) Effect of physical activity on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and left ventricular hypertrophy in apparently healthy adults. J Formos Med Assoc 109:716–724PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zhang L, Qin LQ, Liu AP, Wang PY (2010) Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their associations with diet and physical activity in suburban Beijing, China. J Epidemiol 20:237–243PubMedCrossRef
13.
Jiamsripong P, Mookadam M, Alharthi MS, Khandheria BK, Mookadam F (2008) The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease: part 2. Prev Cardiol 11:223–229PubMedCrossRef
14.
Nádas J, Putz Z, Fövényi J et al (2009) Cardiometric risk and educational level in adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 46:159–162PubMedCrossRef
15.
Clark JM (2006) The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 40:S5–S10PubMed
16.
Meshkani R, Zargari M, Larijani B (2010) The relationship between uric and metabolic syndrome in normal glucose tolerance and normal fasting glucose subjects. Acta Diabetol [Epub ahead of print]
17.
Su SC, Pei D, Hsieh CH, Hsiao FC, Wu CZ, Hung YJ (2010) Circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and adiponectin in young men with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol [Epub ahead of print]
18.
King GA, Deemer SE, Thompson DL (2010) Adiponectin is associated with risk of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in women. Acta Diabetol [Epub ahead of print]
19.
Ruan W, Lai M (2010) Insulin-like growth factor binding protein: a possible marker for the metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol 47:5–14PubMedCrossRef
20.
Butler J, Rodondi N, Zhu Y et al (2006) Metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:1595–1602PubMedCrossRef
21.
McNeill AM, Katz R, Girman CJ et al (2006) Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in older people: the cardiovascular health study. J Am Geriatr Soc 54:1317–1324PubMedCrossRef
22.
Scuteri A, Najjar S, Morrell CH, Lakatta EG (2005) The metabolic syndrome in older individuals: prevalence and prediction of cardiovascular events. Diabetes Care 28:882–887PubMedCrossRef
23.
Isoaho R, Puolijoki H, Huhti E et al (1994) Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elderly Finns. Respir Med 88:571–580PubMedCrossRef
24.
Löppönen M, Räihä I, Isoaho R et al (2003) Diagnosing cognitive impairment and dementia in primary health care—a more active approach is needed. Age Ageing 32:606–612PubMedCrossRef
25.
World Health Organization (1999) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO Consultation, Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. World Health Organization, Geneva
26.
Friedewald WT, Levy R, Fredrickson DS (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18:499–502PubMed
27.
Takala TI, Suominen P, Isoaho R et al (2002) Iron-replete reference intervals to increase sensitivity of hematologic and iron status laboratory tests in the elderly. Clin Chem 48:1586–1589PubMed
28.
Loikas S, Lopponen M, Suominen P et al (2003) RIA for serum holo-transcobalamin: method evaluation in the clinical laboratory and reference interval. Clin Chem 49:455–462PubMedCrossRef
29.
Alberti K, Zimmet P, Shaw F for the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group (2005) The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet 366:1059–1062
30.
Zimmet P, Magliano D, Matsuzawa Y, Alberti G, Shaw J (2005) The metabolic syndrome: a global health problem and a new definition. J Atheroscler Thromb 12:295–300PubMed
31.
Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M (2005) The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:2289–2304PubMedCrossRef
32.
Merz NB, Bonow RO, Sopko G et al (2004) Women’s ischemic syndrome evaluation: current status and future research directions: report of the national heart, lung and blood institute workshop: executive summary. Circulation 109:805–807CrossRef
33.
Wang J, Ruotsalainen S, Moilanen L, Lepistö P, Laakso M, Kuusisto J (2007) Metabolic syndrome and incident end-stage peripheral vascular disease. Diabetes Care 30:3099–3104PubMedCrossRef
34.
Empana J-P, Zureik M, Gariepy J, Courbon D, Dartigues JF, Ritchie K et al (2007) The metabolic syndrome and the carotic artery structure in noninstitutionalized elderly subjects. The three-city study. Stroke 38:893–899PubMedCrossRef
35.
Gallagher D, Visser M, Sepúlveda D, Pierson RN, Harris T, Heymsfield SB (1996) How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups? Am J Epidemiol 143:228–239PubMed
36.
Jackson AS, Stanforth PR, Gagnon J, Rankinen T, Leon AS, Rao DC et al (2002) The effects of sex, age, and race on estimating percentage body fat from body mass index: the heritage family study. Int J Obes 26:789–796CrossRef
37.
Barlett HL, Puhl SM, Hodgson JL, Buskirk ER (1991) Fat-free mass in relation to stature: rations of fat-free mass on height in children, adults, and elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 53:1112–1116PubMed
38.
Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Roche AF (1995) Human body composition and the epidemiology of chronic disease. Obes Res 3:73–95PubMed
39.
Bushy WJ, Campbell AJ, Robertson MC (1994) Is low blood pressure in elderly people just a consequence of heart disease and frailty? Age Ageing 23:69–74CrossRef
40.
Hakala S-M, Tilvis RS (1998) Determinants and significance of declining blood pressure in old age. Eur Heart J 19:1872–1878PubMedCrossRef
41.
Boshuizen HC, Izaks GJ, van Buuren S, Ligthart GJ (1998) Blood pressure and mortality in elderly people aged 85 and older: community based study. Brit Med J 316:1780–1784PubMed
42.
Okumiya K, Matsubayashi K, Wada T, Fujisawa M, Osaki Y, Doi Y et al (1999) A U-shaped association between home systolic blood pressure and four-year mortality in community-dwelling older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:1415–1421PubMed
43.
Wilson PW, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB (1998) Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 97:1837–1847PubMed
44.
Mozaffarian D, Kamineni A, Prineas RJ, Siscovick DS (2008) Metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults. The cardiovascular health study. Arch Intern Med 168:969–978PubMedCrossRef
45.
Huang K-C, Lee L-T, Chen C-Y, Sung P-K (2008) All-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality increased with metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese. Obesity 16:684–689PubMedCrossRef
46.
Mazza A, Tikhonoff V, Schiavon L, Casiglia E (2005) Triglyserides + high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol dyslipidaemia, a coronary risk factor in elderly women: the CArdiovascular STudy in the Elderly. Int Med J 35:604–610CrossRef
47.
Zambon S, Zanoni S, Romanato G, Chiara Corti M, Noale M, Sartori L et al (2009) Metabolic syndrome and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in an Italian elderly population. Diabetes Care 32:153–159PubMedCrossRef
48.
Cooney MT, Dudina A, De Bacquer D, Wilhelmsen L, Sans S, Menotti A et al (2009) HDL cholesterol protects against cardiovascular disease in both genders at all ages and at all level of risk. Atherosclerosis 206:611–616PubMedCrossRef
49.
Castelli WP, Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, Abbott RD, Kalousdian S, Kannel WB (1986) Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham study. JAMA 256:2835–2838PubMedCrossRef
50.
Eastern stroke and coronary heart disease collaborative research group (1998) Blood pressure, cholesterol and stroke in eastern Asia. Eastern stroke and coronary heart disease collaborative research group. Lancet 352:1801–1807
51.
Prospective studies collaboration (1995) Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 4,50,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration. Lancet 346:1647–1653
Metadata
Title
Metabolic syndrome and vascular risk: a 9-year follow-up among the aged in Finland
Authors
Marika Salminen
Marikka Kuoppamäki
Tero Vahlberg
Ismo Räihä
Kerttu Irjala
Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä
Publication date
01-06-2011
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
Acta Diabetologica / Issue 2/2011
Print ISSN: 0940-5429
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-010-0251-z

Other articles of this Issue 2/2011

Acta Diabetologica 2/2011 Go to the issue

Original Article

Systemic and spinal administration of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor, blocks tactile allodynia in diabetic mice

Original Article

Metabolic consequences of incorrect insulin administration techniques in aging subjects with diabetes

Original Article

Changes in body weight are significantly associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose and HDL cholesterol in Japanese men without abdominal obesity (waist circumference < 85 cm)

Original Article

The glycemic and peak incremental indices of honey, sucrose and glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: effects on C-peptide level—a pilot study

Original Article

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy

Original Article

Primary hyperlipidemias in children: effect of plant sterol supplementation on plasma lipids and markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits