Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Case report

Manifestation of anaplasmosis as cerebral infarction: a case report

Authors: Seok Won Kim, Choon-Mee Kim, Dong-Min Kim, Na Ra Yun

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular granulocytotropic bacterium.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old female patient was admitted with the clinical signs of fever and an altered state of consciousness 1 week after experiencing a tick bite while planting lawn grass. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed at the time of admission, indicated cerebral infarction in the left basal ganglia, whereas increasing immunofluorescence assay antibody titers for A. phagocytophilum were also documented. A. phagocytophilum was identified using groEL and ankA targeted polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Because of severe thrombocytopenia, only doxycycline was administered, without any antiplatelet agents. Subsequently, the symptoms improved without any focal neurologic sequela.

Conclusion

This is the first reported case of cerebral infarction occurrence in an anaplasmosis patient.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: a review. JAMA. 2016;315(16):1767–77.CrossRefPubMed Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: a review. JAMA. 2016;315(16):1767–77.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, Tilden RL, Asanovich K, Dumler JS. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1996;275(3):199–205.CrossRefPubMed Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, Tilden RL, Asanovich K, Dumler JS. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1996;275(3):199–205.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Botelho-Nevers E, Foucault C, Lepidi H, Brouqui P. Cerebral infarction: an unusual complication of Mediterranean spotted fever. Eur J Intern Med. 2005;16(7):525–7.CrossRefPubMed Botelho-Nevers E, Foucault C, Lepidi H, Brouqui P. Cerebral infarction: an unusual complication of Mediterranean spotted fever. Eur J Intern Med. 2005;16(7):525–7.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Chung JH, Yun NR, Kim DM, Lee JW, Yoon SH, Kim SW. Scrub typhus and cerebrovascular injury: a phenomenon of delayed treatment? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89(1):119–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chung JH, Yun NR, Kim DM, Lee JW, Yoon SH, Kim SW. Scrub typhus and cerebrovascular injury: a phenomenon of delayed treatment? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89(1):119–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Takano A, Ando S, Kishimoto T, Fujita H, Kadosaka T, Nitta Y, Kawabata H, Watanabe H. Presence of a novel Ehrlichia sp. in Ixodes granulatus found in Okinawa, Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 2009;53(2):101–6.CrossRefPubMed Takano A, Ando S, Kishimoto T, Fujita H, Kadosaka T, Nitta Y, Kawabata H, Watanabe H. Presence of a novel Ehrlichia sp. in Ixodes granulatus found in Okinawa, Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 2009;53(2):101–6.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Oh JY, Moon BC, Bae BK, Shin EH, Ko YH, Kim YJ, Park YH, Chae JS. Genetic identification and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from Jeju Island. Korea J Bacteriol Virol. 2009;39(4):257–67. Oh JY, Moon BC, Bae BK, Shin EH, Ko YH, Kim YJ, Park YH, Chae JS. Genetic identification and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from Jeju Island. Korea J Bacteriol Virol. 2009;39(4):257–67.
8.
go back to reference Kim CM, Kim SW, Kim DM, Yoon NR, Jha P, Jang SJ, Ahn YJ, Lim D, Lee SH, Hwang SD, et al. Case report: polymerase chain reaction testing of tick bite site samples for the diagnosis of human granulocytic Anaplasmosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97(2):403–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kim CM, Kim SW, Kim DM, Yoon NR, Jha P, Jang SJ, Ahn YJ, Lim D, Lee SH, Hwang SD, et al. Case report: polymerase chain reaction testing of tick bite site samples for the diagnosis of human granulocytic Anaplasmosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97(2):403–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Ahn HJ, Chung JH, Kim DM, Yoon NR, Kim CM. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome accompanied by panhypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus: a case report. J Neuro-Oncol. 2018; Ahn HJ, Chung JH, Kim DM, Yoon NR, Kim CM. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome accompanied by panhypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus: a case report. J Neuro-Oncol. 2018;
10.
go back to reference Song JY, Chun BC, Kim SD, Baek LJ, Kim SH, Sohn JW, Cheong HJ, Kimt WJ, Park SC, Kim MJ. Epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in endemic area of the Republic of Korea, 1995-1998. J Korean Med Sci. 2006;21(4):614–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Song JY, Chun BC, Kim SD, Baek LJ, Kim SH, Sohn JW, Cheong HJ, Kimt WJ, Park SC, Kim MJ. Epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in endemic area of the Republic of Korea, 1995-1998. J Korean Med Sci. 2006;21(4):614–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Park SW, Han MG, Yun SM, Park C, Lee WJ, Ryou J. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, South Korea, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(11):1880–2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Park SW, Han MG, Yun SM, Park C, Lee WJ, Ryou J. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, South Korea, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(11):1880–2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Kim CM, Cho MK, Kim DM, Yun NR, Kim SW, Jang SJ, Ahn YJ, Lim D. Accuracy of conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene with the Ot-16sRF1 and Ot-16sRR1 primers for diagnosis of scrub typhus: a case-control study. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(1):178–9.CrossRefPubMed Kim CM, Cho MK, Kim DM, Yun NR, Kim SW, Jang SJ, Ahn YJ, Lim D. Accuracy of conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene with the Ot-16sRF1 and Ot-16sRR1 primers for diagnosis of scrub typhus: a case-control study. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(1):178–9.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Branger C, Blanchard B, Fillonneau C, Suard I, Aviat F, Chevallier B, Andre-Fontaine G. Polymerase chain reaction assay specific for pathogenic Leptospira based on the gene hap1 encoding the hemolysis-associated protein-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005;243(2):437–45.CrossRefPubMed Branger C, Blanchard B, Fillonneau C, Suard I, Aviat F, Chevallier B, Andre-Fontaine G. Polymerase chain reaction assay specific for pathogenic Leptospira based on the gene hap1 encoding the hemolysis-associated protein-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005;243(2):437–45.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Bressler C, Himes LC, Moreau RE. Portal vein and aortic thromboses in a Siberian husky with ehrlichiosis and hypothyroidism. J Small Anim Pract. 2003;44(9):408–10.CrossRefPubMed Bressler C, Himes LC, Moreau RE. Portal vein and aortic thromboses in a Siberian husky with ehrlichiosis and hypothyroidism. J Small Anim Pract. 2003;44(9):408–10.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Franzen P, Berg AL, Aspan A, Gunnarsson A, Pringle J. Death of a horse infected experimentally with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Vet Rec. 2007;160(4):122–5.CrossRefPubMed Franzen P, Berg AL, Aspan A, Gunnarsson A, Pringle J. Death of a horse infected experimentally with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Vet Rec. 2007;160(4):122–5.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Lynn GE, Oliver JD, Cornax I, O'Sullivan MG, Munderloh UG. Experimental evaluation of Peromyscus leucopus as a reservoir host of the Ehrlichia muris-like agent. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):48.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lynn GE, Oliver JD, Cornax I, O'Sullivan MG, Munderloh UG. Experimental evaluation of Peromyscus leucopus as a reservoir host of the Ehrlichia muris-like agent. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):48.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Elizalde JI, Gomez J, Panes J, Lozano M, Casadevall M, Ramirez J, Pizcueta P, Marco F, Rojas FD, Granger DN, et al. Platelet activation in mice and human helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Invest. 1997;100(5):996–1005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Elizalde JI, Gomez J, Panes J, Lozano M, Casadevall M, Ramirez J, Pizcueta P, Marco F, Rojas FD, Granger DN, et al. Platelet activation in mice and human helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Invest. 1997;100(5):996–1005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Russell KE, Perkins PC, Hoffman MR, Miller RT, Walker KM, Fuller FJ, Sellon DC. Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional. Virology. 1999;259(1):7–19.CrossRefPubMed Russell KE, Perkins PC, Hoffman MR, Miller RT, Walker KM, Fuller FJ, Sellon DC. Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional. Virology. 1999;259(1):7–19.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Borjesson DL, Brazzell JL, Feferman R. Platelet dysfunction after association with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1063:413–5.CrossRefPubMed Borjesson DL, Brazzell JL, Feferman R. Platelet dysfunction after association with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1063:413–5.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Schmaier AH, Srikanth S, Elghetany MT, Normolle D, Gokhale S, Feng HM, Walker DH. Hemostatic/fibrinolytic protein changes in C3H/HeN mice infected with rickettsia conorii--a model for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Thromb Haemost. 2001;86(3):871–9.PubMed Schmaier AH, Srikanth S, Elghetany MT, Normolle D, Gokhale S, Feng HM, Walker DH. Hemostatic/fibrinolytic protein changes in C3H/HeN mice infected with rickettsia conorii--a model for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Thromb Haemost. 2001;86(3):871–9.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Walker DH, Mattern WD. Acute renal failure in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139(4):443–8.CrossRefPubMed Walker DH, Mattern WD. Acute renal failure in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139(4):443–8.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Manifestation of anaplasmosis as cerebral infarction: a case report
Authors
Seok Won Kim
Choon-Mee Kim
Dong-Min Kim
Na Ra Yun
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3321-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2018 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.