Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Internal and Emergency Medicine
Published in: Internal and Emergency Medicine 8/2018

01-12-2018 | POSITION PAPERS AND GUIDELINES

Management of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic kidney disease: position statement of the joint committee of Italian association for the study of the liver (AISF), Italian society of internal medicine (SIMI), Italian society of infectious and tropical disease (SIMIT) and Italian society of nephrology (SIN)

Authors: Roberto Minutolo, Alessio Aghemo, Antonio Chirianni, Fabrizio Fabrizi, Loreto Gesualdo, Edoardo G. Giannini, Paolo Maggi, Vincenzo Montinaro, Ernesto Paoletti, Marcello Persico, Francesco Perticone, Salvatore Petta, Massimo Puoti, Giovanni Raimondo, Maria Rendina, Anna Linda Zignego, on behalf of the Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN), the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Disease (SIMIT), the Italian Society of Internal Medicine (SIMI)

Published in: Internal and Emergency Medicine | Issue 8/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now considered a systemic disease due to the occurrence of extra-hepatic manifestations. Among these, the renal involvement is frequent. HCV infection, in fact, is strongly associated with proteinuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and negatively affects the prognosis of renal patients. In the last few years, availability of more specific and effective drugs against HCV has dramatically changed the clinical course of this disease. These drugs may provide further advantages in the CKD population as a whole by reducing progression of renal disease, mortality rate and by increasing the survival of graft in renal transplant recipients. The strict pathogenetic and prognostic link between HCV infection and CKD requires an ongoing relationship among the healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of both HCV infection and CKD. Therefore, Scientific Societies involved in the care of this high-risk population in Italy have organized a joint expert panel. The aim of the panel is to produce a position statement that can be used in daily clinical practice for the management of HCV infected patients across the whole spectrum of renal disease, from the conservative phase to renal replacement treatments (dialysis and transplantation). Sharing specific evidence-based expertise of different professional healthcare is the first step to obtain a common ground of knowledge on which to instate a model for multidisciplinary management of this high-risk population. Statements cover seven areas including epidemiology of CKD, HCV-induced glomerular damage, HCV-related renal risk, staging of liver disease in patients with CKD, prevention of transmission of HCV in hemodialysis units, treatment of HCV infection and management of HCV in kidney transplantation.
Literature
1.
Kidney Disease (2013) Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 3:1–150
2.
De Nicola L, Donfrancesco C, Minutolo R et al (2015) Prevalence and cardiovascular risk profile of chronic kidney disease in Italy: results of the 2008–12 National Health Examination Survey. Nephrol Dial Transpl 30:806–814
3.
Gentile G, Postorino M, Mooring RD et al (2009) Estimated GFR reporting is not sufficient to allow detection of chronic kidney disease in an Italian regional hospital. BMC Nephrol 10:24PubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Minutolo R, De Nicola L, Mazzaglia G et al (2008) Detection and awareness of moderate to advanced CKD by primary care practitioners: a cross sectional study from Italy. Am J Kidney Dis 52:444–453PubMed
5.
Li WC, Lee YY, Chen IC, Wang SH, Hsiao CT, Loke SS (2014) Age and gender differences in the relationship between hepatitis C infection and all stages of chronic kidney disease. J Viral Hepat 21:706–715PubMed
6.
Satapathy SK, Lingisetty CS, Williams S (2012) Higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease and shorter renal survival in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Int 6:369–378PubMed
7.
Tong X, Spradling PR (2015) Increase in nonhepatic diagnoses among persons with hepatitis C hospitalized for any cause, United States, 2004–2011. J Viral Hepat 22:906–913PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Rognant N, Lemoine S (2014) Evaluation of renal function in patients with cirrhosis: where are we now? World J Gastroenterol 20:2533–2541PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
De Nicola L, Zoccali C (2016) Chronic kidney disease prevalence in the general population: heterogeneity and concerns. Nephrol Dial Transpl 31:331–335
10.
Yoshino M, Kuhlmann MK, Kotanko P et al (2006) International differences in dialysis mortality reflect background general population atherosclerotic cardiovascular mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:3510–3519PubMed
11.
Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J et al (2018) Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. N Engl J Med 378:e34(1)–e34(14)
12.
Huang X, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Lindholm B et al (2013) Mediterranean diet, kidney function, and mortality in men with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 8:1548–1555PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC et al (2003) Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 108:2154–2169PubMed
14.
Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A et al (2012) Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: a population-level cohort study. Lancet 380:807–814PubMed
15.
De Nicola L, Minutolo R, Chiodini P et al (2006) on behalf of the TArget Blood Pressure LEvels in Chronic Kidney Disease (TABLE in CKD) Study Group. Global approach to cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: reality and opportunities for intervention. Kidney Int 69:538–545PubMed
16.
De Nicola L, Chiodini P, Zoccali C et al, for the SIN-TABLE CKD Study Group (2011) Prognosis of CKD patients receiving outpatient nephrology care in Italy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:2421–2428PubMedPubMedCentral
17.
De Nicola L, Minutolo R, Chiodini P et al (2012) The effect of increasing age on the prognosis of non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease receiving stable nephrology care. Kidney Int 82:482–488PubMed
18.
De Nicola L, Provenzano M, Chiodini P et al (2015) Independent role of underlying kidney disease on renal prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease under nephrology care. PLoS One 10(5):e0127071PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Khan SS, Kazmi WH, Abichandani R, Tighiouart H, Pereira BJ, Kausz AT (2002) Health care utilization among patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 62:229–236PubMed
20.
Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY (2004) Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 351:1296–1305PubMed
21.
Ishigami J, Grams ME, Chang AR et al (2017) CKD and risk for hospitalization with infection: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 69:752–761PubMed
22.
Xie Y, Bowe B, Xian H, Balasubramanian S, Al-Aly Z (2015) Rate of kidney function decline and risk of hospitalizations in stage 3A CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1946–1955PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group (2012) KDIGO Clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2:1–138
24.
James MT, Grams ME, Woodward M et al (2015) A Meta-analysis of the association of estimated GFR, albuminuria, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension with acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis 66:602–612PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Nadkarni GN, Patel A, Simoes PK et al (2016) Dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury among hospitalized adults with documented hepatitis C Virus infection: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis. J Viral Hepat 23:32–38PubMed
26.
Lopes JA, Fernandes J, Jorge S, Neves J, Antunes F, Prata MM (2007) Acute renal failure in critically ill HIV-infected patients. Crit Care 11:404PubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Franceschini N, Napravnik S, Finn WF, Szczech LA, Eron JJJ (2006) Immunosuppression, hepatitis C infection, and acute renal failure in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 42:368–372PubMed
28.
Wyatt C, Malvestutto C, Coca S, Klotman P, Parikh C (2008) The impact of hepatitis C virus co-infection on HIV-related kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS 22:1799–1807PubMed
29.
Garg S, Hoenig M, Edwards E et al (2011) Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in an urban cohort of subjects with HIV and hepatitis C virus co-infection. AIDS Patient Care 25:135–141
30.
Coca SG, Singanamala S, Parikh CR (2012) Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Int 81:442–448PubMed
31.
Bucaloiu ID, Kirchner HL, Norfolk ER, Hartle JE, Perkins RM (2012) Increased risk of death and de novo chronic kidney disease following reversible acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 81:477–485PubMed
32.
Minutolo R, Lapi F, Chiodini P et al (2014) Risk of ESRD and death in patients with CKD not referred to a nephrologist: a 7-year prospective study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:1586–1593PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Chan MR, Dall AT, Fletcher KE et al (2007) Outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease referred late to nephrologists: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 120:1063–1070PubMed
34.
McLaughlin K, Manns B, Culleton B et al (2001) An economic evaluation of early versus late referral of patients with progressive renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 38:1122–1128PubMed
35.
Zignego AL, Ramos-Casals M, Ferri C et al (2017) ISG-EHCV. International therapeutic guidelines for patients with HCV-related extrahepatic disorders. A multidisciplinary expert statement. Autoimmun Rev 16:523–541PubMed
36.
Pasquariello A, Ferri C, Moriconi L, La Civita L, Longombardo G, Lombardini F, Greco F, Zignego AL (1993) Cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus. Am J Nephrol 13:300–304PubMed
37.
McGuire BM, Julian BA, Bynon JS et al (2006) Brief communication: glomerulonephritis in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. Ann Intern Med 144:735–741PubMed
38.
Fabrizi F, Plaisier E, Saadoun D, Martin P, Messa P, Cacoub P (2013) Hepatitis C virus infection, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 61:623–637PubMed
39.
Barsoum RS (2007) Hepatitis C virus: from entry to renal injury-facts and potentials. Nephrol Dial Transpl 22:1840–1848
40.
Cacoub P, Poynard T, Ghillani P et al (1999) Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C. MULTIVIRC Group. Multidepartment Virus C Arthritis Rheum 42:2204–2212
41.
Bukong TN, Momen-Heravi F, Kodys K, Bala S, Szabo G (2014) Exosomes from hepatitis C infected patients transmit HCV infection and contain replication competent viral RNA in complex with Ago2-miR122-HSP90. PLoS Pathog 10(10):e1004424PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Rodríguez-Iñigo E, Casqueiro M, Bartolomé J et al (2000) Hepatitis C virus RNA in kidney biopsies from infected patients with renal diseases. J Viral Hepat 7:23–29PubMed
43.
Sansonno D, Gesualdo L, Manno C, Schena FP, Dammacco F (1997) Hepatitis C virus-related proteins in kidney tissue from hepatitis C virus-infected patients with cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Hepatology 25:1237–1244PubMed
44.
Zignego AL, Gragnani L, Piluso A et al (2015) Virus-driven autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: the example of HCV infection. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 11:15–31PubMed
45.
Fornasieri A, D’Amico G (1996) Type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia, hepatitis C virus infection, and glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transpl 11(Suppl 4):25–30
46.
Banas MC, Banas B, Hudkins KL et al (2008) TLR4 links podocytes with the innate immune system to mediate glomerular injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 19:704–713PubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Wörnle M, Schmid H, Banas B et al (2006) Novel role of toll-like receptor 3in hepatitis C-associated glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol 168:370–385PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Lai TS, Lee MH, Yang HI et al (2017) REVEAL-HCV Study Group Hepatitis C viral load, genotype, and increased risk of developing end-stage renal disease: REVEAL-HCV study. Hepatology 66:784–793PubMed
49.
Kasuno K, Ono T, Matsumori A et al (2003) Hepatitis C virus-associated tubulointerstitial injury. Am J Kidney Dis 41:767–775PubMed
50.
Bosman C, Valli MB, Bertolini L et al (1998) Detection of virus-like particles in liver biopsies from HCV-infected patients. Res Virol 149:311–314PubMed
51.
Sabry A, E-Agroudy A, Sheashaa H et al (2005) HCV associated glomerulopathy in Egyptian patients: clinicopathological analysis. Virology 334:10–16PubMed
52.
Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Yamabe H et al (1993) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 328:465–470PubMed
53.
Yamabe H, Johnson RJ, Gretch DR et al (1995) Hepatitis C virus infection and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Japan. J Am Soc Nephrol 6:220–223PubMed
54.
Fabrizi F, Lunghi G, Messa P, Martin P (2008) Therapy of hepatitis C virus-associated glomerulonephritis: current approaches. J Nephrol 21:813–825PubMed
55.
Meyers CM, Seeff LB, Stehman-Breen CO, Hoofnagle JH (2003) Hepatitis C and renal disease: an update. Am J Kidney Dis 42:631–657PubMed
56.
Beddhu S, Bastacky S, Johnson JP (2002) The clinical and morphologic spectrum of renal cryoglobulinemia. Med (Baltim) 81:398–409
57.
Ferri C, Ramos-Casals M, Zignego AL et al (2016) International diagnostic guidelines for patients with HCV-related extrahepatic manifestations. A multidisciplinary expert statement. Autoimmun Rev 15:1145–1160PubMed
58.
Arase Y, Ikeda K, Murashima N et al (1998) Glomerulonephritis in autopsy cases with hepatitis C virus infection. Intern Med 37:836–840PubMed
59.
Altraif IH, Abdulla AS, al Sebayel MI, Said RA, al Suhaibani MO, Jones AA (1995) Hepatitis C associated glomerulonephritis. Am J Nephrol 15:407–410PubMed
60.
Rollino C, Roccatello D, Giachino O, Basolo B, Piccoli G (1991) Hepatitis C virus infection and membranous glomerulonephritis. Nephron 59:319–320PubMed
61.
Sperati CJ (2013) Stabilization of hepatitis C associated collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with interferon alpha- 2a and ribavirin. Clin Nephrol 80:231–234PubMed
62.
Shah HH, Patel C (2013) Long-term response to peginterferon in hepatitis C virus-associated nephrotic syndrome from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Ren Fail 35:1182–1185PubMed
63.
Ji F, Li Z, Ge H, Deng H (2010) Successful interferon-α treatment in a patient with IgA nephropathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Intern Med 49:2531–2532PubMed
64.
Gonzalo A, Navarro J, Bárcena R, Quereda C, Ortuño J (1995) IgA nephropathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Nephron 69:354PubMed
65.
Dey AK, Bhattacharya A, Majumdar A (2013) Hepatitis C as a potential cause of IgA nephropathy. Indian J Nephrol 23:143–145PubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Fogo A, Qureshi N, Horn RG (1993) Morphologic and clinical features of fibrillary glomerulonephritis versus immunotactoid glomerulopathy. Am J Kidney Dis 22:367–377PubMed
67.
Coroneos E, Truong L, Olivero J (1997) Fibrillary glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C viral infection. Am J Kidney Dis 29:132–135PubMed
68.
Guerra G, Narayan G, Rennke HG, Jaber BL (2003) Crescentic fibrillary glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C viral infection. Clin Nephrol 60:364–368PubMed
69.
Brady HR (1998) Fibrillary glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 53:1421–1429PubMed
70.
Philipneri M, Bastani B (2001) Kidney disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 3:79–83PubMed
71.
Martin P, Fabrizi F (2008) Hepatitis C virus and kidney disease. J Hepatol 49:613–624PubMed
72.
Hestin D, Guillemin F, Castin N, Le Faou A, Champigneulles J, Kessler M (1998) Pretransplant hepatitis C virus infection: a predictor of proteinuria after renal transplantation. Transplantation 65:741–744PubMed
73.
Cosio FG, Roche Z, Agarwal A, Falkenhain ME, Sedmak DD, Ferguson RM (1996) Prevalence of hepatitis C in patients with idiopathic glomerulopathies in native and transplant kidneys. Am J Kidney Dis 28:752–758PubMed
74.
Mathurin P, Mouquet C, Poynard T et al (1999) Impact of hepatitis B and C virus on kidney transplantation outcome. Hepatology 29:257–263PubMed
75.
Roth D, Cirocco R, Zucker K et al (1995) De novo membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in hepatitis C virus-infectedrenal allograft recipients. Transplantation 59:1676–1682PubMed
76.
Mahmoud I, Sobh M, El-Habashi A et al (2005) Interferon therapy in haemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C: study of tolerance, efficacy and post-transplantation course. Nephron Clin Pract 100:c133–c139PubMed
77.
Morales JM, Pascual-Capdevila J, Campistol JM et al (1997) Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection in renal transplant patients. Transplantation 63:1634–1639PubMed
78.
Bergman S, Accortt N, Turner A, Glaze J (2005) Hepatitis C infection is acquired pre-ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 45:684–689PubMed
79.
Rogal S, Yan P, Rimland D et al (2016) Electronically retrieved cohort of HCV infected veterans study group. Incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease after hepatitis C seroconversion: results from ERCHIVES. Dig Dis Sci 61:930–936PubMed
80.
Fabrizi F, Donato FM, Messa P (2018) Association between hepatitis C virus and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol 17:364–391PubMed
81.
Fabrizi F, Lunghi G, Finazzi S et al (2001) Decreased serum aminotransferase activity in patients with chronic renal failure: impact on the detection of viral hepatitis. Am J Kidney Dis 38:1009–1015PubMed
82.
Espinosa M, Martin-Malo A, Alvarez de Lara M, Soriano S, Aljama P (2000) High ALT levels predict viremia in anti-HCV positive HD patients if a modified normal range of ALT is applied. Clin Nephrol 54:151–156PubMed
83.
84.
Colin C, Lanoir D, Touzet S, Meyaud-Kraemer L, Bailly F, Trepo C (2001) Sensitivity and specificity of third-generation hepatitis C virus antibody detection assays: an analysis of the literature. J Viral Hepat 8:87–95PubMed
85.
Schneeberger P, Keur I, van der Vliet W et al (1998) Hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis centers in The Netherlands: a national survey by serological and molecular methods. J Clin Microbiol 36:1711–1715PubMedPubMedCentral
86.
Barrera J, Francis B, Ercilla G et al (1995) Improved detection of anti-HCV in post-transfusion hepatitis by a third-generation ELISA. Vox Sang 68:15–18PubMed
87.
El-Sherif A, Elbahrawy A, Aboelfotoh A et al (2012) High false-negative rate of anti-HCV among Egyptian patients on regular haemodialysis. Hemodial Int 16:420–427PubMed
88.
Kidney Disease (2008) Improving Global Outcomes. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of Hepatitis C in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 73(Suppl 109):S1–S99
89.
European Association for the Study of the Liver (2018) EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2018. J Hepatol 69:461–511
90.
Furusyo N, Hayashi J, Ariyama I et al (2000) Maintenance hemodialysis decreases serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in haemodialysis patients with chronic HCV infection. Am J Gastroenterol 95:490–496PubMed
91.
Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD, Wiersma ST (2013) Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatology 57:1333–1342PubMed
92.
Crook E, Penumalee S, Gavini B, Filippova K (2005) Hepatitis C is a predictor of poorer renal survival in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 28:2187–2191PubMed
93.
Noureddine L, Usman S, Yu Z, Moorthi R, Moe S (2010) Hepatitis C increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with glomerulonephritis. Am J Nephrol 32:311–316PubMedPubMedCentral
94.
Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Martin P, Messa P (2016) Hepatitis C virus increases the risk of kidney disease among HIV-positive patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 88:487–497PubMed
95.
Lai T, Lee M, Yang H et al (2017) High hepatitis C viral load and genotype 2 are strong predictors of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 92:703–709PubMed
96.
Blè M, Aguilera V, Rubin A et al (2014) Improved renal function in liver transplant recipients treated for hepatitis C virus with a sustained virological response and mild chronic kidney disease. Liver Transpl 20:25–34PubMed
97.
Arase Y, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y et al (2011) Development rate of chronic kidney disease in hepatitis C virus patients with advanced fibrosis after interferon therapy. Hepatol Res 41:946–954PubMed
98.
Hsu Y, Lin J, Ho H et al (2014) Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. Hepatology 59:1293–1302PubMed
99.
Hsu Y, Ho H, Huang Y et al (2015) Association between antiviral treatment and extrahepatic outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Gut 64:495–503PubMed
100.
Chen Y, Hwang S, Li C, Wu C, Lin L (2015) A Taiwanese nationwide cohort study shows interferon-based therapy for chronic hepatitis C reduces the risk of chronic kidney disease. Med (Baltim) 94:e1334
101.
Aoufi SR, García RA, Tenías Burillo JM et al (2012) Microalbuminuria and renal insufficiency in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterol Hepatol 35:309–316
102.
Leone S, Prosperi M, Costarelli S et al (2016) Incidence and predictors of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who achieved sustained virological response. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 35:1511–1520PubMed
103.
Boddi M, Abbate R, Chellini B et al (2010) Hepatitis C virus RNA localization in human carotid plaque. J Clin Virol 47:72–75PubMed
104.
Adinolfi L, Zampino R, Restivo L et al (2014) Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and atherosclerosis: clinical impact and mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 20:3410–3417PubMedPubMedCentral
105.
Molnar M, Alhourani H, Wall B et al (2015) Association of hepatitis C virus infection with incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease in a large cohort of US veterans. Hepatology 61:1495–1502PubMed
106.
Sabovic M, Salobir B, Preloznik Zupan I et al (2005) The influence of the haemodialysis procedure on platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 34:274–278PubMed
107.
Manno C, Bonifati C, Torres D, Campobasso N, Schena F (2011) Desmopressin acetate in percutaneous ultrasound-guided kidney biopsy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 57:850–855PubMed
108.
Schiavon LL, Schiavon JL, Filho RJ et al (2007) Simple blood tests as noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 46:307–314PubMed
109.
Liu CH, Liang CC, Huang KW et al (2011) Transient elastography to assess hepatic fibrosis in hemodialysis chronic hepatitis C patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:1057–1065PubMedPubMedCentral
110.
Canbakan M, Senturk H, Canbakan B et al (2011) Validation of biochemical markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. Nephron Clin Pract 117:c289–295PubMed
111.
D’Amico G, Morabito A, D’Amico M et al (2017) New concepts on the clinical course and stratification of compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatol Int 12(Suppl 1):34–43PubMed
112.
Alashek W, McIntyre C, Taal M (2012) Hepatitis B and C infection in haemodialysis patients in Libya: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. BMC Infect Dis 12:265PubMedPubMedCentral
113.
Garcia-Agudo R, Aoufi-Rabih S, Barril-Cuadrado G (2013) Grupo de Virus en Dialisis de la Sociedad Espanola de Nefrologia. SHECTS multi-centre Spanish Study: liver situation of patients with chronic hepatitis from HCV on renal replacement therapy with haemodialysis. Nefrologia 33:188–195PubMed
114.
Goodkin D, Bieber B, Gillespie B, Robinson B, Jadoul M (2013) Hepatitis C infection is very rarely treated among haemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 38:405–412PubMed
115.
Ummate I, Denue B, Kida I, Ohioma O, Baba D, Goni W (2014) Risk factors for hepatitis C virus seropositivity among haemodialysis patients receiving care at kidney centre in a tertiary health facility in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 19:305PubMedPubMedCentral
116.
Lioussfi Z, Errami Z, Radoui A et al (2014) Viral hepatitis C and B among dialysis patients at the Rabat University Hospital: prevalence and risk factors. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 25:672–679PubMed
117.
Vidales-Braz B, da Silva N, Lobato R et al (2015) Detection of hepatitis C virus in patients with terminal renal disease undergoing dialysis in southern Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, genotypes, and viral load dynamics in haemodialysis patients. Virol J 12:8PubMedPubMedCentral
118.
Duong C, Olszyna D, McLaws M (2015) Hepatitis B and C virus infections among patients with end stage renal disease in a low-resourced hemodialysis center in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 15:192PubMedPubMedCentral
119.
Malhotra R, Soin D, Grover P, Galhotra S, Khutan H, Kaur N (2016) Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection in haemodialysis patients: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of North India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 7:72–74PubMedPubMedCentral
120.
Fabrizi F, Messa P (2015) Transmission of hepatitis C virus in dialysis units: a systematic review of reports on outbreaks. Int J Artif Organs 38:471–480PubMed
121.
Thompson N, Perz J, Moorman A, Holmberg S (2009) Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, 1998–2008. Ann Intern Med 150:33–39PubMed
122.
Centers for Disease Control. Hepatitis: control measures for hepatitis B in dialysis centers. Altlanta, GA: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1977. HEW publication no. (CDC) 78-8358
123.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2001) Recommendations for preventing transmission of infections among chronic haemodialysis patients. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50:1–43
124.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008) Infection control requirements for dialysis facilities and clarification regarding guidance on parenteral medication vials. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 57:875–876
125.
Patel P, Yi S, Booth S et al (2013) Bloodstream infection rates in outpatient hemodialysis facilities participating in a collaborative prevention effort in a quality improvement report. Am J Kidney Dis 62:322–330PubMed
126.
Arenas M, Sanchez-Paya J et al (2005) A multicentric survey of the practice of hand hygiene in haemodialysis units: factors affecting compliance. Nephrol Dial Transpl 20:1164–1171
127.
Jadoul M, Poignet J, Geddes C et al (2004) The changing epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis: European multicentre study. Nephrol Dial Transpl 19:904–909
128.
Senatore S, Galli C, Conti A et al (2016) Hepatitis C virus outbreak in a haemodialysis unit: learning from failures. J Hosp Infect 94:249–252PubMed
129.
Muleta D, Kainer M, Moore-Moravian L et al (2016) Notes from the field: hepatitis C outbreak in a dialysis clinic—Tennessee, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64:1386–1387PubMed
130.
Nguyen D, Gutowoski J, Ghiselli M et al (2016) A large outbreak of hepatitis C virus infections in a haemodialysis clinic. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 37:125–133PubMed
131.
132.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) CDC urging dialysis providers and facilities to assess and improve infection control practices to stop hepatitis C virus transmission in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Am J Transpl 16:1633–1634
133.
Shimokura G, Chai F, Weber D et al (2011) Patient-care practices associated with an increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among chronic haemodialysis patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 32:415–424PubMedPubMedCentral
134.
Bravo Zuniga J, Loza Munarriz C, Lopez-Alcalde J (2016) Isolation as a strategy for controlling the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in haemodialysis units. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD006420
135.
Shamshirsaz A, Kamgar M, Bekheirnia M et al (2004) The role of haemodialysis machines dedication in reducing hepatitis C transmission in the dialysis setting in Iran: a multicentre prospective interventional study. BMC Nephrol 5:13PubMedPubMedCentral
136.
Fissell R, Bragg-Gresham J, Woods J et al (2004) Patterns of hepatitis C prevalence and seroconversion in haemodialysis units from three continents: the DOPPS. Kidney Int 65:2335–2342PubMed
137.
Di Napoli A, Pezzotti P, Di Lallo D et al (2006) Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus among long-term dialysis patients: a 9-year study in an Italian region. Am J Kidney Dis 48:629–637PubMed
138.
Jadoul M, Cornu C, van Ypersele de Strihou C (1998) Universal precautions prevent hepatitis C virus transmission: a 54 month follow-up of the Belgian Multicenter Study. The Universitaires Cliniques St-Luc (UCL) Collaborative Group. Kidney Int 53:1022–1025PubMed
139.
Gilli P, Soffritti S, De Paoli Vitali E, Bedani P (1995) Prevention of hepatitis C virus in dialysis units. Nephron 70:301–306PubMed
140.
Sampietro M, Graziani G, Badalamenti S et al (1994) Detection of hepatitis C virus in dialysate and in blood ultrafiltrate of HCV-positive patients. Nephron 68:140PubMed
141.
Kaiser T, Damerow HC, Tenckhoff S et al (2008) Kinetics of hepatitis C viral RNA and HCV-antigen during dialysis sessions: evidence for differential viral load reduction on dialysis. J Med Virol 80:1195–1201PubMed
142.
Fabrizi F, Martin P, Dixit V et al (2000) Biological dynamics of viral load in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus. Am J Kidney Dis 35:122–129PubMed
143.
Fabrizi F, Martin P, Dixit V et al (1998) Acquisition of hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients: a prospective study by branched DNA signal amplification assay. Am J Kidney Dis 31:647–654PubMed
144.
Saab S, Martin P, Brezina M, Gitnick G, Yee H (2001) Serum alanine aminotransferase in hepatitis C screening of patients on haemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 37:308–315PubMed
145.
Aghemo A, De Francesco R (2013) New horizons in hepatitis C antiviral therapy with direct-acting antivirals. Hepatology 58:428–438PubMed
146.
Pawlotsky JM (2014) New hepatitis C therapies: the toolbox, strategies, and challenges. Gastroenterology 146:1176–1192PubMed
147.
D’Ambrosio R, Degasperi E, Colombo M, Aghemo A (2017) Direct-acting antivirals: the endgame for hepatitis C? Curr Opin Virol 24:31–37PubMed
148.
Aoufi-Rabih S, García-Agudo R, Londoño MC, Fraga-Fuentes MD, Barril-Cuadrado (2018) G on behalf on the Spanish Association of the Liver and the Kidney (AEHR). Recommendations for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 31:1–13PubMed
149.
Hubbard H, Lawitz E (2018) Glecaprevir + pibrentasvir (ABT493 + ABT-530) for the treatment of Hepatitis C. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:9–17PubMed
150.
Pockros PJ, Reddy KR, Mantry PS et al (2016) Efficacy of Direct-acting antiviral combination for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease. Gastroenterology 150:1590–1598PubMed
151.
Roth D, Nelson DR, Bruchfeld A et al (2015) Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease (the C-SURFER study): a combination phase 3 study. Lancet 386:1537–1545PubMed
152.
Gane E, Lawitz E, Pugatch D et al (2017) Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in patients with HCV and severe renal impairment. N Engl J Med 377:1448–1455PubMed
153.
De Nicola S, Aghemo A (2016) The quest for safe and effective treatments of chronic hepatitis C in patients with kidney impairment. Liver Int 36:791–793PubMed
154.
Saxena V, Khungar V, Verna EC et al (2017) Safety and efficacy of current direct-acting antiviral regimens in kidney and liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C: results from the HCV-TARGET study. Hepatology 66:1090–1101PubMed
155.
Saxena V, Koraishy FM, Sise ME et al (2016) Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-containing regimens in hepatitis C-infected patients with impaired renal function. Liver Int 36:807–816PubMedPubMedCentral
156.
Li T, Qu Y, Guo Y, Wang Y, Wang L (2017) Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antivirals-based antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus patients with stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Liver Int 37:974–981PubMed
157.
Fissell RB, Bragg-Gresham JL et al (2004) Patterns of hepatitis C prevalence and seroconversion in hemodialysis units from three continents: the DOPPS. Kidney Int 65:2335–2342PubMed
158.
Ingsathit A, Kamanamool N, Thakkinstian A, Sumethkul V (2013) Survival advantage of kidney transplantation over dialysis in patients with hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplantation 95:943–948PubMed
159.
Cueto-Manzano AM, Morales-Buenrostro LE, González-Espinoza L et al (2005) Markers of inflammation before and after renal transplantation. Transplantation 80:47–51PubMed
160.
Paoletti E, Bellino D, Signori A et al (2016) Regression of asymptomatic cardiomyopathy and clinical outcome of renal transplant recipients: a long-term prospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transpl 31:1168–1174
161.
Roth D, Gaynor JJ, Reddy KR et al (2011) Effect of kidney transplantation on outcomes among patients with hepatitis C. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:1152–1160PubMedPubMedCentral
162.
Fabrizi F, Martin P, Dixit V, Messa P (2014) Meta-analysis of observational studies: hepatitis C and survival after renal transplant. J Viral Hepat 21:314–324PubMed
163.
Heo NY, Mannalithara A, Kim D et al (2018) Long-term patient and graft survival of kidney transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus infection in the United States. Transplantation 102:454–460PubMedPubMedCentral
164.
Morales JM, Fabrizi F (2015) Hepatitis C and its impact on renal transplantation. Nat Rev Nephrol 11:172–182PubMed
165.
Fabrizi F, Aghemo A, Messa P (2013) Hepatitis C treatment in patients with kidney disease. Kidney Int 84:874–879PubMed
166.
Rendina M, Schena A, Castellaneta NM et al (2007) The treatment of chronic hepatitis C with peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kDa) plus ribavirin in haemodialysed patients awaiting renal transplant. J Hepatol 46:768–774PubMed
167.
Kamar N, Marion O, Rostaing L et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based antiviral therapy to treat Hepatitis C Virus Infection after kidney transplantation. Am J Transpl 16:1474–1479
168.
Sawinski D, Kaur N, Ajeti A et al (2016) Successful treatment of hepatitis C in renal transplant recipients with direct-acting antiviral agents. Am J Transpl 16:1588–1595
169.
Lin MV, Sise ME, Pavlakis M et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of direct acting antivirals in kidney transplant recipients with chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. PLoS One 11(7):e0158978
170.
Beinhardt S, Al Zoairy R, Ferenci P et al (2016) DAA-based antiviral treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C in the pre- and postkidney transplantation setting. Transpl Int 29:999–1007PubMed
171.
Lubetzky M, Chun S, Joelson A et al (2017) Safety and efficacy of treatment of hepatitis C in kidney transplant recipients with directly acting antiviral agents. Transplantation 101:1704–1710PubMed
172.
Colombo M, Aghemo A, Liu H et al (2017) Treatment with ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 12 or 24 weeks in kidney transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 166:109–117PubMed
173.
174.
Reau N, Kwo PY, Rhee S et al (2017) MAGELLAN-2: safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in liver or renal transplant adults with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1–6 infection. J Hepatol 66(Suppl.1):S90–S91
175.
Fernández I, Muñoz-Gómez R, Pascasio JM et al (2017) Efficacy and tolerability of interferon-free antiviral therapy in kidney transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 66:718–723PubMed
176.
Fernandez-Ruiz M, Polanco N, Garcia-Santiago A et al (2018) Impact of anti-HCV direct antiviral agents on graft function and immunosuppressive drug levels in kidney transplant recipients: a call to attention in the mid-term follow-up. Transpl Int 31:887–899PubMed
177.
Smolders EJ, de Kanter CT, van Hoek B, Arends JE, Drenth JP, Burger DM (2016) Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of hepatitis C virus drugs in patients with liver and/or renal impairment. Drug Saf 39:589–611PubMedPubMedCentral
178.
Rendina M, Castellaneta NM, Losurdo G et al (2018) Primary biliary cirrosis by DAAs-induced HCV clearance: a biological proof of concept. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 9:121–123PubMedPubMedCentral
179.
La Manna G (2018) HCV and kidney transplant in the era of new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). J Nephrol 31(2):185–187PubMedPubMedCentral
180.
Kucirka LM, Peters TG, Segev DL (2012) Impact of donor hepatitis C virus infection status on death and need for liver transplant in hepatitis C virus-positive kidney transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis 60:112–120PubMed
181.
Scalea JR, Barth RN, Munivenkatappa R, Philosophe B, Cooper M, Whitlow V, LaMattina JC (2015) Shorter waitlist times and improved graft survivals are observed in patients who accept hepatitis C virus + renal allografts. Transplantation 99:1192–1196PubMed
182.
McCauley M, Mussell A, Goldberg D et al (2018) Race, risk, and willingness of end-stage renal disease patients without hepatitis C (HCV) to accept an HCV-infected kidney transplant. Transplantation 102:e163–e170PubMed
183.
Sawinski D, Wyatt CM, Locke JE (2017) Expanding the use of hepatitis C-viremic kidney donors. Kidney Int 92:1031–1033PubMed
184.
Bhamidimarri KR, Ladino M, Pedraza F et al (2017) Transplantation of kidneys from hepatitis C-positive donors into hepatitis C virus-infected recipients followed by early initiation of direct acting antiviral therapy: a single-center retrospective study. Transpl Int 30:865–873PubMed
185.
Goldberg DS, Abt PL, Reese PP (2017) THINKER Trial Investigators. Transplanting HCV-infected kidneys into uninfected recipients. N Engl J Med 377:1105PubMed
186.
Janssen Therapeutics (2017) Olysio prescribing information 2017. Janssen Therapeutics, Titusville
187.
Forns X, Berenguer M, Herzer K et al (2017) Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of simeprevir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin in patients with recurrent hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection after orthotopic liver transplantation: the Phase II SATURN study. Transpl Infect Dis 19(3):e12696. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​tid.​12696 CrossRef
188.
Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan S, Snoeys J, Peeters M, Beumont-Mauviel M, Simion A (2016) Drug–drug interactions with the NS3/4A protease inhibitor simeprevir. Clin Pharmacokinet 55:197–208PubMed
189.
Mogalian E, German P, Kearney BP et al (2016) Use of multiple probes to assess transporter- and cytochrome P450-mediated drug-drug interaction potential of the pangenotypic hcv ns5a inhibitor velpatasvir. Clin Pharmacokinet 55:605–613PubMed
190.
191.
192.
Metadata
Title
Management of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic kidney disease: position statement of the joint committee of Italian association for the study of the liver (AISF), Italian society of internal medicine (SIMI), Italian society of infectious and tropical disease (SIMIT) and Italian society of nephrology (SIN)
Authors
Roberto Minutolo
Alessio Aghemo
Antonio Chirianni
Fabrizio Fabrizi
Loreto Gesualdo
Edoardo G. Giannini
Paolo Maggi
Vincenzo Montinaro
Ernesto Paoletti
Marcello Persico
Francesco Perticone
Salvatore Petta
Massimo Puoti
Giovanni Raimondo
Maria Rendina
Anna Linda Zignego
on behalf of the Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN)
the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF)
the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Disease (SIMIT)
the Italian Society of Internal Medicine (SIMI)
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Internal and Emergency Medicine / Issue 8/2018
Print ISSN: 1828-0447
Electronic ISSN: 1970-9366
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-1940-9

Other articles of this Issue 8/2018

Internal and Emergency Medicine 8/2018 Go to the issue

IM - COMMENTARY

Extreme hypomagnesemia: underrecognized and underappreciated

IM - ORIGINAL

Extreme hypomagnesemia: characteristics of 119 consecutive inpatients

Correction

Correction to: Changes in global longitudinal strain in renal transplant recipients following 12 months of exercise

EM - ORIGINAL

Media messaging in diagnosis of acute CXR pathology: an interobserver study among residents

CE - MEDICAL ILLUSTRATION

Metronidazole-associated encephalopathy: a reversible condition

IM - COMMENTARY

 Antithrombotic therapy and intracranial bleeding in subjects with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations: preliminary results from a retrospective study
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits