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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Research article

Tracking tDCS induced grey matter changes in episodic migraine: a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Simon Schading, Heiko Pohl, Andreas Gantenbein, Roger Luechinger, Peter Sandor, Franz Riederer, Patrick Freund, Lars Michels

Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Occipital transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective and safe treatment for migraine attack prevention. Structural brain alterations have been found in migraineurs in regions related to pain modulation and perception, including occipital areas. However, whether these structural alterations can be dynamically modulated through tDCS treatment is understudied.

Objective

To track longitudinally grey matter volume changes in occipital areas in episodic migraineurs during and up to five months after occipital tDCS treatment in a single-blind, and sham-controlled study.

Methods

24 episodic migraineurs were randomized to either receive verum or sham occipital tDCS treatment for 28 days. To investigate dynamic grey matter volume changes patients underwent structural MRI at baseline (prior to treatment), 1.5 months and 5.5 months (after completion of treatment). 31 healthy controls were scanned with the same MRI protocol. Morphometry measures assessed rate of changes over time and between groups by means of tensor-based morphometry.

Results

Before treatment, migraineurs reported 5.6 monthly migraine days on average. A cross-sectional analysis revealed grey matter volume increases in the left lingual gyrus in migraineurs compared to controls. Four weeks of tDCS application led to a reduction of 1.9 migraine days/month and was paralleled by grey matter volume decreases in the left lingual gyrus in the treatment group; its extent overlapping with that seen at baseline.

Conclusion

This study shows that migraineurs have increased grey matter volume in the lingual gyrus, which can be modified by tDCS. Tracking structural plasticity in migraineurs provides a potential neuroimaging biomarker for treatment monitoring.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03237754. Registered 03 August 2017 – retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03237754.

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Title: Tracking tDCS induced grey matter changes in episodic migraine: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simon Schading
Heiko Pohl
Andreas Gantenbein
Roger Luechinger
Peter Sandor
Franz Riederer
Patrick Freund
Lars Michels
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: Springer Milan
Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Migraine
Aura
Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1129-2369
Electronic ISSN: 1129-2377
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01347-y

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Tracking tDCS induced grey matter changes in episodic migraine: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Trial registration

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Trial registration

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