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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control
Published in: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Macrolide | Review

Antimicrobial use and resistance in food-producing animals and the environment: an African perspective

Authors: Zuhura I. Kimera, Stephen E. Mshana, Mark M. Rweyemamu, Leonard E. G. Mboera, Mecky I. N. Matee

Published in: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

The overuse of antimicrobials in food animals and the subsequent contamination of the environment have been associated with development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This review presents information on antimicrobial use, resistance and status of surveillance systems in food animals and the environment in Africa.

Methods

Information was searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and African Journal Online databases. Full-length original research and review articles on antimicrobial use, prevalence of AMR from Africa covering a period from 2005 to 2018 were examined. The articles were scrutinized to extract information on the antimicrobial use, resistance and surveillance systems.

Results

A total of 200 articles were recovered. Of these, 176 studies were included in the review while 24 articles were excluded because they were not relevant to antimicrobial use and/or resistance in food animals and the environment. The percentage of farms using antimicrobials in animal production ranged from 77.6% in Nigeria to 100% in Tanzania, Cameroon, Zambia, Ghana and Egypt. The most antibiotics used were tetracycline, aminoglycoside and penicillin groups. The percentage of multi drug resistant isolates ranged from 20% in Nigeria to 100% in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Tunisia. In the environment, percentage of multi drug resistant isolates ranged from 33.3% in South Africa to 100% in Algeria. None of the countries documented national antimicrobial use and resistance surveillance system in animals.

Conclusion

There is high level of antimicrobial use, especially tetracycline, aminoglycoside and penicillin in animal production systems in Africa. This is likely to escalate the already high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and multi drug resistance in the continent. This, coupled with weak antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems in the region is a great concern to the animals, environment and humans as well.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Antimicrobial use and resistance in food-producing animals and the environment: an African perspective
Authors
Zuhura I. Kimera
Stephen E. Mshana
Mark M. Rweyemamu
Leonard E. G. Mboera
Mecky I. N. Matee
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 2047-2994
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-0697-x

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