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American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
Published in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 4/2001

01-08-2001 | Review Article

Exogenous Ochronosis

An Update on Clinical Features, Causative Agents and Treatment Options

Authors: Cheryl Y. Levin, Dr Howard Maibach

Published in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | Issue 4/2001

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Abstract

Exogenous ochronosis is clinically and histologically similar to its endogenous counterpart; however, it exhibits no systemic effects and is not an inherited disorder. It is characterized by an asymptomatic hyperpigmentation of the face, sides and back of the neck, back, and extensor surfaces of the extremities. The associated ochronotic discoloration most commonly results from use of products containing hydroquinone. It also occurs following use of antimalarials and products containing resorcinol, phenol, mercury or picric acid. The etiology of hydroquinone-induced hyperpigmentation in exogenous ochronosis remains speculative.
The majority of patients with this condition are Black, but it has been reported to occur in Hispanics and Caucasians. Exogenous ochronosis is prevalent among South African Blacks, but is believed relatively uncommon within the US. The reasons for this phenomenon are not clear, but it could be a result of the use of skin care products containing resorcinol in combination with hydroquinone or the use of hydroquinone in a hydroalcoholic lotion.
Treatment of this condition is difficult. The offending agent must be avoided, but improvement occurs only slowly. A number of topical agents have been studied as have dermabrasion and the use of lasers. Controlled studies in larger numbers of patients are require to determine the true efficacy of newer treatments.
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Metadata
Title
Exogenous Ochronosis
An Update on Clinical Features, Causative Agents and Treatment Options
Authors
Cheryl Y. Levin
Dr Howard Maibach
Publication date
01-08-2001
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology / Issue 4/2001
Print ISSN: 1175-0561
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1888
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200102040-00002

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