Skip to main content
Top
Published in: PharmacoEconomics 2/2001

01-02-2001 | Review Article

A Review of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures in Stroke

Authors: Dr Beatrice A. Golomb, Barbara G. Vickrey, Ron D. Hays

Published in: PharmacoEconomics | Issue 2/2001

Login to get access

Abstract

The objective of this review was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) measures for use with patients with stroke. HR-QOL measures are increasingly used for assessment in many health conditions; these measures may serve an important role in evaluating the impact of stroke and of stroke interventions. HR-QOL measures used in patients with stroke should: (i) cover the domains of HR-QOL that may be affected by stroke; (ii) have administration characteristics suitable for use in patients with stroke; and (iii) have undergone reliability and validity assessment in patients with stroke. The present study evaluates HR-QOL measures with reference to these requirements.
A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and evaluate HR-QOL measures of potential use in studies of patients with stroke. Identified measures were assessed with regard to stroke-relevant domains covered, measure characteristics (e.g. self-administration versus administration by an interviewer, interviewer time to complete) and psychometric properties of reliability and validity.
The measures evaluated vary widely on domains covered, and limited assessment of the performance of HR-QOL measures has been conducted in patients with stroke. No existing measure comprehensively covers all relevant domains or addresses fully the issues of obtaining and combining HR-QOL assessments in patients and proxies in many stroke populations. Additional psychometric testing in stroke populations is needed for existing HR-QOL measures. In addition, stroke-targeted HR-QOL measures need to be developed and evaluated with patients with stroke.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Gordon W, Hibbard M. Poststroke depression: an examination of the literature. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1997; 78: 658–63CrossRef Gordon W, Hibbard M. Poststroke depression: an examination of the literature. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1997; 78: 658–63CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Webster J, Feinglass J. Stroke patients, ‘managed care’, and distributive justice. JAMA 1997; 278: 161–2PubMedCrossRef Webster J, Feinglass J. Stroke patients, ‘managed care’, and distributive justice. JAMA 1997; 278: 161–2PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Degraba T, Hanson S, Yatsu F, et al. Stroke. In: Evans R, Baskin D, Yatsu F, editors. Prognosis of neurological disorders. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, 1992: 45–72 Degraba T, Hanson S, Yatsu F, et al. Stroke. In: Evans R, Baskin D, Yatsu F, editors. Prognosis of neurological disorders. New York (NY): Oxford University Press, 1992: 45–72
4.
go back to reference Guyatt G, Feeny D, Patrick D. Measuring health-related quality of life. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 622–9PubMed Guyatt G, Feeny D, Patrick D. Measuring health-related quality of life. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 622–9PubMed
5.
go back to reference Coons SJ, Rao S, Keininger DL, et al. A comparative review of quality of life instruments. Pharmacoeconomics 2000; 17: 13–35PubMedCrossRef Coons SJ, Rao S, Keininger DL, et al. A comparative review of quality of life instruments. Pharmacoeconomics 2000; 17: 13–35PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Kasner S, Grotta J. Emergency identification and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 30: 642–53PubMedCrossRef Kasner S, Grotta J. Emergency identification and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 30: 642–53PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Vetkamp R, Toole JF. Hyperbaric oxygen — a neuroprotective adjuvant for hyperacute ischemic stroke [editorial]? J Neurol Sci 1997; 150: 1–2CrossRef Vetkamp R, Toole JF. Hyperbaric oxygen — a neuroprotective adjuvant for hyperacute ischemic stroke [editorial]? J Neurol Sci 1997; 150: 1–2CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Del Zoppo G, Wagner S, Tagaya M. Trends and future developments in the pharmacological treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Drugs 1997; 54: 9–38PubMedCrossRef Del Zoppo G, Wagner S, Tagaya M. Trends and future developments in the pharmacological treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Drugs 1997; 54: 9–38PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration. How do stroke units improve patient outcomes? A collaborative systematic review of the randomized trials. Stroke 1997; 28: 2139–44CrossRef Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration. How do stroke units improve patient outcomes? A collaborative systematic review of the randomized trials. Stroke 1997; 28: 2139–44CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative systematic review of the randomised trials of organised inpatient (stroke unit) care after stroke. BMJ 1997; 314: 1151–9CrossRef Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative systematic review of the randomised trials of organised inpatient (stroke unit) care after stroke. BMJ 1997; 314: 1151–9CrossRef
11.
go back to reference de Haan R, Limburg M, Van der Meulen J, et al. Quality of life after stroke: impact of stroke type and lesion location. Stroke 1995; 26: 402–8PubMedCrossRef de Haan R, Limburg M, Van der Meulen J, et al. Quality of life after stroke: impact of stroke type and lesion location. Stroke 1995; 26: 402–8PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Ford B. International classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Med J Aust 1984; 140 (2): 61–2PubMed Ford B. International classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Med J Aust 1984; 140 (2): 61–2PubMed
13.
go back to reference Duncan P. Evaluating the outcomes of stroke. Med Outcomes Trust 1998; 3: 1–2 Duncan P. Evaluating the outcomes of stroke. Med Outcomes Trust 1998; 3: 1–2
14.
go back to reference Matchar D, Heyman A, Goldstein L. User’s manual: stroke TyPE specification. Bloomington (MN): Health Outcome Institute, 1990 Matchar D, Heyman A, Goldstein L. User’s manual: stroke TyPE specification. Bloomington (MN): Health Outcome Institute, 1990
15.
go back to reference Bowling A. Measuring disease: disease-specific measures of quality of life. Stroke. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995: 187–9 Bowling A. Measuring disease: disease-specific measures of quality of life. Stroke. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995: 187–9
16.
go back to reference Ferrans C, Powers M. Quality of Life Index: development and psychometric properties. Adv Nurs Sci 1985; 8: 15–24 Ferrans C, Powers M. Quality of Life Index: development and psychometric properties. Adv Nurs Sci 1985; 8: 15–24
17.
go back to reference Brott T, Adams Jr HP, Olinger CP, et al. Measurement of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke 1989; 20: 864–70PubMedCrossRef Brott T, Adams Jr HP, Olinger CP, et al. Measurement of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke 1989; 20: 864–70PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Goldstein LR, Bertels C, Davis JN. Interrater reliability of the NIH Stroke Scale. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 660–2PubMedCrossRef Goldstein LR, Bertels C, Davis JN. Interrater reliability of the NIH Stroke Scale. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 660–2PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Cote R, Hachinski VC, Shurvell BL, et al. The Canadian Neurological Scale: a preliminary study in acute stroke. Stroke 1986; 17: 731–7PubMedCrossRef Cote R, Hachinski VC, Shurvell BL, et al. The Canadian Neurological Scale: a preliminary study in acute stroke. Stroke 1986; 17: 731–7PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Cote R, Battista RN, Wolfson C, et al. The Canadian Neurological Scale: validation and reliability assessment. Neurology 1989; 39: 638–43PubMedCrossRef Cote R, Battista RN, Wolfson C, et al. The Canadian Neurological Scale: validation and reliability assessment. Neurology 1989; 39: 638–43PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189–98PubMedCrossRef Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189–98PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Collin C, Wade DT, Davies S, et al. The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study. Int Disabil Stud 1988; 10: 61–3PubMedCrossRef Collin C, Wade DT, Davies S, et al. The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study. Int Disabil Stud 1988; 10: 61–3PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J 1965; 14: 61–5PubMed Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J 1965; 14: 61–5PubMed
24.
go back to reference Holden MKK, Gill KM Magliozzi MR, et al. Clinical gait assessment in the neurologically impaired: reliability and meaningfulness. Physical Ther 1984; 64: 35–40 Holden MKK, Gill KM Magliozzi MR, et al. Clinical gait assessment in the neurologically impaired: reliability and meaningfulness. Physical Ther 1984; 64: 35–40
25.
go back to reference Holbrook M, Skilbeck CE. An activities index for use with stroke patients. Age Ageing 1983; 12: 166–70PubMedCrossRef Holbrook M, Skilbeck CE. An activities index for use with stroke patients. Age Ageing 1983; 12: 166–70PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Hamilton B, Granger CV, Sherwin FS, et al. A uniform national data system for medical rehabilitation. In: Fuhrer M, editor. Rehabilitation outcomes: analysis and measurement. Baltimore (MD): Brookes Publishing Co., 1987: 137–47 Hamilton B, Granger CV, Sherwin FS, et al. A uniform national data system for medical rehabilitation. In: Fuhrer M, editor. Rehabilitation outcomes: analysis and measurement. Baltimore (MD): Brookes Publishing Co., 1987: 137–47
27.
go back to reference Linacre JM, Heinemann AW, Wright BD, et al. The structure and stability of the functional independence measure [see comments]. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1994; 75: 127–32 Linacre JM, Heinemann AW, Wright BD, et al. The structure and stability of the functional independence measure [see comments]. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1994; 75: 127–32
28.
go back to reference Katz S, Akpom CA. A measure of primary sociobiological functions. Int J Health Serv 1976; 6: 493–508PubMedCrossRef Katz S, Akpom CA. A measure of primary sociobiological functions. Int J Health Serv 1976; 6: 493–508PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, et al. Progress in development of the index of ADL. Gerontologist 1970; 10: 20–30PubMedCrossRef Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, et al. Progress in development of the index of ADL. Gerontologist 1970; 10: 20–30PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference van Bennekom CAM, Jelles F, Lankhorst GJ. Rehabilitation activities profile: the ICIDH as a framework for a problem-oriented assessment method in rehabilitation medicine. Disabil Rehab 1995; 17: 169–75CrossRef van Bennekom CAM, Jelles F, Lankhorst GJ. Rehabilitation activities profile: the ICIDH as a framework for a problem-oriented assessment method in rehabilitation medicine. Disabil Rehab 1995; 17: 169–75CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Jelles F, Van Bennekom CAM, Lankhorst GJ, et al. Inter- and intra-rater agreement of the rehabilitation activities profile. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 407–16PubMedCrossRef Jelles F, Van Bennekom CAM, Lankhorst GJ, et al. Inter- and intra-rater agreement of the rehabilitation activities profile. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 407–16PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. RICFAS II: Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Functional Assessment Scale. Chicago (IL): Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 1989 Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. RICFAS II: Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Functional Assessment Scale. Chicago (IL): Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 1989
33.
go back to reference Angeleri F, Angeleri VA, Foschi N, et al. The influence of depression, social activity, and family stress on functional outcome after stroke. Stroke 1993; 24: 1478–83PubMedCrossRef Angeleri F, Angeleri VA, Foschi N, et al. The influence of depression, social activity, and family stress on functional outcome after stroke. Stroke 1993; 24: 1478–83PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Beck AT, Steer RA, Kovacs M, et al. Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142: 559–63PubMed Beck AT, Steer RA, Kovacs M, et al. Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142: 559–63PubMed
35.
go back to reference Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, et al. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 1974; 42: 861–5PubMedCrossRef Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, et al. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 1974; 42: 861–5PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Toedter LJ, Schall R, Reese CA, et al. Psychological measures: reliability in the assessment of stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1995; 76: 719–25CrossRef Toedter LJ, Schall R, Reese CA, et al. Psychological measures: reliability in the assessment of stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1995; 76: 719–25CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Johnson G, Burvill PW, Anderson CS, et al. Screening instruments for depression and anxiety following stroke: experience in the Perth community stroke study. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 1995; 91: 252–7CrossRef Johnson G, Burvill PW, Anderson CS, et al. Screening instruments for depression and anxiety following stroke: experience in the Perth community stroke study. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 1995; 91: 252–7CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1982; 17: 37–49PubMedCrossRef Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1982; 17: 37–49PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychologic Med 1979; 9: 139–45CrossRef Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychologic Med 1979; 9: 139–45CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Hamilton MA. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1969; 23: 56–62CrossRef Hamilton MA. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1969; 23: 56–62CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Montgomery S, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979; 134: 382–9PubMedCrossRef Montgomery S, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979; 134: 382–9PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Kearns N, Cruickshank C, McGuigan K, et al. A comparison of depression rating scales. Br J Psychiatry 1982; 141: 45–9PubMedCrossRef Kearns N, Cruickshank C, McGuigan K, et al. A comparison of depression rating scales. Br J Psychiatry 1982; 141: 45–9PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Zuckerman M, Lubin B, Robins S. Validation of the multiple affect adjective check list in clinical situations. J Consult Psychol 1965; 29 (6): 594PubMedCrossRef Zuckerman M, Lubin B, Robins S. Validation of the multiple affect adjective check list in clinical situations. J Consult Psychol 1965; 29 (6): 594PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Levin HS, High WM, Goethe KE, et al. The neurobehavioural rating scale: assessment of the behavioural sequelae of head injury by the clinician. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 183–93PubMedCrossRef Levin HS, High WM, Goethe KE, et al. The neurobehavioural rating scale: assessment of the behavioural sequelae of head injury by the clinician. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 183–93PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Sisson RA. Cognitive and emotional function of stroke patients. In: Funk SG, Tornquist EM, editors. Key aspects of elder care: managing falls, incontinence, and cognitive impairment. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Co. Inc, 1992: 300–8 Sisson RA. Cognitive and emotional function of stroke patients. In: Funk SG, Tornquist EM, editors. Key aspects of elder care: managing falls, incontinence, and cognitive impairment. New York (NY): Springer Publishing Co. Inc, 1992: 300–8
46.
go back to reference Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sortorius N. Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974 Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sortorius N. Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974
47.
go back to reference Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, et al. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a measure of primary symptom dimensions. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 1974; 7: 79–110PubMed Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, et al. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a measure of primary symptom dimensions. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 1974; 7: 79–110PubMed
48.
go back to reference Snaith RP, Ahmed SN, Mehta S, et al. Assessment of the severity of primary depressive illness: Wakefield self-assessment depression inventory. Psychol Med 1971; 1: 143–9PubMedCrossRef Snaith RP, Ahmed SN, Mehta S, et al. Assessment of the severity of primary depressive illness: Wakefield self-assessment depression inventory. Psychol Med 1971; 1: 143–9PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Zung WW, Richards CB, Short MJ. Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic: further validation of the SDS. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 13: 508–15PubMedCrossRef Zung WW, Richards CB, Short MJ. Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic: further validation of the SDS. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965; 13: 508–15PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Nelson EC, Landgraf JM, Hays RD, et al. The functional status of patients: how can it be measured in physicians’ offices? Med Care 1990; 28: 1111–26PubMedCrossRef Nelson EC, Landgraf JM, Hays RD, et al. The functional status of patients: how can it be measured in physicians’ offices? Med Care 1990; 28: 1111–26PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Wasson J, Hays R, Rubenstein L, et al. The short-term effect of patient health status assessment in a health maintenance organization. Qual Life Res 1992; 1: 99–106PubMedCrossRef Wasson J, Hays R, Rubenstein L, et al. The short-term effect of patient health status assessment in a health maintenance organization. Qual Life Res 1992; 1: 99–106PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Wasson J, Keller A, Rubenstein L, et al. Benefits and obstacles of health status assessment in ambulatory settings: the clinician’s point of view. The Dartmouth Primary Care COOP Project. Med Care 1992; 30: MS42–9PubMedCrossRef Wasson J, Keller A, Rubenstein L, et al. Benefits and obstacles of health status assessment in ambulatory settings: the clinician’s point of view. The Dartmouth Primary Care COOP Project. Med Care 1992; 30: MS42–9PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Dorman P, Waddell F, Slattery J, et al. Are proxy assessments of health status after stroke with the EuroQol questionnaire feasible, accurate and unbiased? Stroke 1997; 28: 1883–7PubMedCrossRef Dorman P, Waddell F, Slattery J, et al. Are proxy assessments of health status after stroke with the EuroQol questionnaire feasible, accurate and unbiased? Stroke 1997; 28: 1883–7PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference EuroQoL Group. EuroQoL: a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 1990; 16: 199–208CrossRef EuroQoL Group. EuroQoL: a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 1990; 16: 199–208CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Mathias S, Bates M, Pasta D, et al. Use of Health Utilities Index with stroke patients and their caregivers. Stroke 1997; 28: 1888–94PubMedCrossRef Mathias S, Bates M, Pasta D, et al. Use of Health Utilities Index with stroke patients and their caregivers. Stroke 1997; 28: 1888–94PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Hunt SM, McKenna SP, McEwen J, et al. The Nottingham Health Profile: subjective health status and medical consultations. Social science and medicine. Part A, Medical Sociology 1981; 15: 221–9 Hunt SM, McKenna SP, McEwen J, et al. The Nottingham Health Profile: subjective health status and medical consultations. Social science and medicine. Part A, Medical Sociology 1981; 15: 221–9
58.
go back to reference Kaplan RM, Bush JW, Berry CC. Health status: types of validity and the index of well-being. Health Serv Res 1976; 11: 478–507PubMed Kaplan RM, Bush JW, Berry CC. Health status: types of validity and the index of well-being. Health Serv Res 1976; 11: 478–507PubMed
59.
go back to reference Wood-Dauphinee SL, Opzoomer MA, Williams JI, et al. Assessment of global function: the reintegration to normal living index. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988; 69: 583–90PubMed Wood-Dauphinee SL, Opzoomer MA, Williams JI, et al. Assessment of global function: the reintegration to normal living index. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988; 69: 583–90PubMed
60.
go back to reference Béthoux F, Calmels P, Gautheron V. Changes in the quality of life of hemiplegic stroke patients with time: a preliminary report. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 78: 19–23PubMedCrossRef Béthoux F, Calmels P, Gautheron V. Changes in the quality of life of hemiplegic stroke patients with time: a preliminary report. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 78: 19–23PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware Jr JE. The MOS short-form general health survey. Reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care 1988; 26: 724–35PubMedCrossRef Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware Jr JE. The MOS short-form general health survey. Reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care 1988; 26: 724–35PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Ware Jr JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992; 30: 473–83PubMedCrossRef Ware Jr JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992; 30: 473–83PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Hays RD, Sherbourne CD, Mazel RM. The RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 [see comments]. Health Econ 1993; 2: 217–27PubMedCrossRef Hays RD, Sherbourne CD, Mazel RM. The RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 [see comments]. Health Econ 1993; 2: 217–27PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Bergner M, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB, et al. The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health status measure. Med Care 1981; 19: 787–805PubMedCrossRef Bergner M, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB, et al. The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health status measure. Med Care 1981; 19: 787–805PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference de Haan R, Limburg MMM, Schuling J, et al. Clinimetric evaluation of the Barthel Index, a measure of limitations in daily activities [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1993; 137 (18): 917–21PubMed de Haan R, Limburg MMM, Schuling J, et al. Clinimetric evaluation of the Barthel Index, a measure of limitations in daily activities [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1993; 137 (18): 917–21PubMed
66.
go back to reference Shah S, Vanclay F, Cooper B. Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel Index for stroke rehabilitation. J Clin Epidemiol 1989; 42: 703–9PubMedCrossRef Shah S, Vanclay F, Cooper B. Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel Index for stroke rehabilitation. J Clin Epidemiol 1989; 42: 703–9PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Granger CV, Albrecht GL, Hamilton BB. Outcome of comprehensive medical rehabilitation: measurement by PULSES profile and the Barthel Index. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60: 145–54PubMed Granger CV, Albrecht GL, Hamilton BB. Outcome of comprehensive medical rehabilitation: measurement by PULSES profile and the Barthel Index. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60: 145–54PubMed
68.
go back to reference Wade DT, Skilbeck CE, Hewer RL. Predicting Barthel ADL score at 6 months after an acute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1983; 64: 24–8PubMed Wade DT, Skilbeck CE, Hewer RL. Predicting Barthel ADL score at 6 months after an acute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1983; 64: 24–8PubMed
69.
go back to reference Wade D, Legh-Smith J, Hewer RL. Social activities after stroke: measurement and natural history using the Frenchay Activities Index. Int J Rehabil Med 1985; 7: 176–81 Wade D, Legh-Smith J, Hewer RL. Social activities after stroke: measurement and natural history using the Frenchay Activities Index. Int J Rehabil Med 1985; 7: 176–81
70.
go back to reference Korner-Bitensky N, Wood-Dauphinee S, Siemiatycki J, et al. Health-related information postdischarge: telephone versus face-to-face interviewing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 1287–96PubMed Korner-Bitensky N, Wood-Dauphinee S, Siemiatycki J, et al. Health-related information postdischarge: telephone versus face-to-face interviewing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 1287–96PubMed
71.
go back to reference Schuling J, de Hann R, Limburg M, et al. The Frenchay Activities Index: assessment of functional status in stroke patients. Stroke 1993; 24: 1173–7PubMedCrossRef Schuling J, de Hann R, Limburg M, et al. The Frenchay Activities Index: assessment of functional status in stroke patients. Stroke 1993; 24: 1173–7PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Segal ME, Schall RR. Assessing handicap of stroke survivors: a validation study of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 74: 276–86PubMedCrossRef Segal ME, Schall RR. Assessing handicap of stroke survivors: a validation study of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 74: 276–86PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Dodds TA, Martin DP, Stolov WC, et al. A validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74: 531–6PubMedCrossRef Dodds TA, Martin DP, Stolov WC, et al. A validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74: 531–6PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Segal ME, Gillard M, Schall R. Telephone and in-person proxy agreement between stroke patients and caregivers for the functional independence measure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 75: 208–12PubMedCrossRef Segal ME, Gillard M, Schall R. Telephone and in-person proxy agreement between stroke patients and caregivers for the functional independence measure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 75: 208–12PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Sneeuw K, Aaronson N, de Haan R, et al. Assessing quality of life after stroke: the value and limitations of proxy ratings. Stroke 1997; 28: 1541–9PubMedCrossRef Sneeuw K, Aaronson N, de Haan R, et al. Assessing quality of life after stroke: the value and limitations of proxy ratings. Stroke 1997; 28: 1541–9PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Shinar D, Gross C, Price T, et al. Screening for depression in stroke patients: the reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Stroke 1986; 17: 241–5PubMedCrossRef Shinar D, Gross C, Price T, et al. Screening for depression in stroke patients: the reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Stroke 1986; 17: 241–5PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Robinson RG, Price TR. Post-stroke depressive disorders: a follow-up study of 103 patients. Stroke 1982; 13: 635–41PubMedCrossRef Robinson RG, Price TR. Post-stroke depressive disorders: a follow-up study of 103 patients. Stroke 1982; 13: 635–41PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Dorman P, Slattery J, Farrell B, et al. Qualitative comparison of the reliability of health status assessments with the EuroQol and SF-36 questionnaires after stroke. United Kingdom Collaborators in the International Stroke Trial. Stroke 1998; 29: 63–8PubMedCrossRef Dorman P, Slattery J, Farrell B, et al. Qualitative comparison of the reliability of health status assessments with the EuroQol and SF-36 questionnaires after stroke. United Kingdom Collaborators in the International Stroke Trial. Stroke 1998; 29: 63–8PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Anderson C, Laubscher S, Burns R. Validation of the short form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire among stroke patients. Stroke 1996; 27: 1812–6PubMedCrossRef Anderson C, Laubscher S, Burns R. Validation of the short form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire among stroke patients. Stroke 1996; 27: 1812–6PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Segal ME, Schall RR. Determining functional/health status and its relation to disability in stroke survivors. Stroke 1994; 25: 2391–7PubMedCrossRef Segal ME, Schall RR. Determining functional/health status and its relation to disability in stroke survivors. Stroke 1994; 25: 2391–7PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Sharpe M, Hawton K, House A, et al. Mood disorders in long-term survivors of stroke: associations with brain lesion location and volume. Psychol Med 1990; 20: 815–28PubMedCrossRef Sharpe M, Hawton K, House A, et al. Mood disorders in long-term survivors of stroke: associations with brain lesion location and volume. Psychol Med 1990; 20: 815–28PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Gresham GE, Phillips TF, Labi ML. ADL status in stroke: relative merits of three standard indexes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980; 61: 355–8PubMed Gresham GE, Phillips TF, Labi ML. ADL status in stroke: relative merits of three standard indexes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980; 61: 355–8PubMed
83.
go back to reference Pedersen PM, Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, et al. Orientation in the acute and chronic stroke patient: impact on ADL and social activities. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 336–9PubMedCrossRef Pedersen PM, Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, et al. Orientation in the acute and chronic stroke patient: impact on ADL and social activities. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 336–9PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Santus G, Ranzenigo A, Caregnato R, et al. Social and family integration of hemiplegic elderly patients 1 year after stroke. Stroke 1990; 21: 1019–22PubMedCrossRef Santus G, Ranzenigo A, Caregnato R, et al. Social and family integration of hemiplegic elderly patients 1 year after stroke. Stroke 1990; 21: 1019–22PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, Shapiro SH. Examining outcome measures in a clinical study of stroke. Stroke 1990; 21: 731–9PubMedCrossRef Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, Shapiro SH. Examining outcome measures in a clinical study of stroke. Stroke 1990; 21: 731–9PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Wade DT, Hewer RL. Functional abilities after stroke: measurement, natural history and prognosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 177–82PubMedCrossRef Wade DT, Hewer RL. Functional abilities after stroke: measurement, natural history and prognosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 177–82PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Wade DT, Wood VA, Heller A, et al. Walking after stroke: measurement and recovery over the first 3 months. Scand J Rehabil 1987; 19: 25–30 Wade DT, Wood VA, Heller A, et al. Walking after stroke: measurement and recovery over the first 3 months. Scand J Rehabil 1987; 19: 25–30
88.
go back to reference Gresham GE, Phillips TF, Wolf PA, et al. Epidemiologic profile of long-term stroke disability: the Framingham Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60: 487–91PubMed Gresham GE, Phillips TF, Wolf PA, et al. Epidemiologic profile of long-term stroke disability: the Framingham Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60: 487–91PubMed
89.
go back to reference Feibel JH, Springer CJ. Depression and failure to resume social activities after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1982; 63: 276–8PubMed Feibel JH, Springer CJ. Depression and failure to resume social activities after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1982; 63: 276–8PubMed
90.
go back to reference Astrom M. Generalized anxiety disorder in stroke patients: a 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke 1996; 27: 270–5PubMedCrossRef Astrom M. Generalized anxiety disorder in stroke patients: a 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke 1996; 27: 270–5PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Ahlsio B, Britton M, Murray V, et al. Disablement and quality of life after stroke. Stroke 1984; 15: 886–90PubMedCrossRef Ahlsio B, Britton M, Murray V, et al. Disablement and quality of life after stroke. Stroke 1984; 15: 886–90PubMedCrossRef
92.
go back to reference Falconer JA, Naughton BJ, Dunlop DD, et al. Predicting stroke inpatient rehabilitation outcome using a classification tree approach. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 619–25PubMedCrossRef Falconer JA, Naughton BJ, Dunlop DD, et al. Predicting stroke inpatient rehabilitation outcome using a classification tree approach. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 619–25PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Bentur N, Eldar R. Quality of rehabilitation care in two inpatient geriatric settings. Qual Assur Health Care 1993; 5: 237–42PubMedCrossRef Bentur N, Eldar R. Quality of rehabilitation care in two inpatient geriatric settings. Qual Assur Health Care 1993; 5: 237–42PubMedCrossRef
94.
go back to reference Wade DT, Hewer RL, Skilbeck CE, et al. Controlled trial of a home-care service for acute stroke patients. Lancet 1985; I: 323–6CrossRef Wade DT, Hewer RL, Skilbeck CE, et al. Controlled trial of a home-care service for acute stroke patients. Lancet 1985; I: 323–6CrossRef
95.
go back to reference Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) [see comments]. JAMA 1995; 274: 1017–25PubMedCrossRef Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) [see comments]. JAMA 1995; 274: 1017–25PubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Wood-Dauphinee S, Shapiro S, Bass E, et al. A randomized trial of team care following stroke. Stroke 1984; 15: 864–72PubMedCrossRef Wood-Dauphinee S, Shapiro S, Bass E, et al. A randomized trial of team care following stroke. Stroke 1984; 15: 864–72PubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Reutter-Bernays D, Rentsch HP. Rehabilitation of the elderly patient with stroke: an analysis of short-term and long-term results. Disabil Rehabil 1993; 15: 90–5PubMedCrossRef Reutter-Bernays D, Rentsch HP. Rehabilitation of the elderly patient with stroke: an analysis of short-term and long-term results. Disabil Rehabil 1993; 15: 90–5PubMedCrossRef
98.
go back to reference Gladman JRF, Lincoln NB, Barer DH. A randomised controlled trial of domiciliary and hospital-based rehabilitation for stroke patients after discharge from hospital. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 960–6PubMedCrossRef Gladman JRF, Lincoln NB, Barer DH. A randomised controlled trial of domiciliary and hospital-based rehabilitation for stroke patients after discharge from hospital. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 960–6PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Carter LT, Oliveira DO, Duponte J, et al. The relationship of cognitive skills performance to activities of daily living in stroke patients. Am J Occup Ther 1988; 42: 449–55PubMedCrossRef Carter LT, Oliveira DO, Duponte J, et al. The relationship of cognitive skills performance to activities of daily living in stroke patients. Am J Occup Ther 1988; 42: 449–55PubMedCrossRef
100.
go back to reference Young JB, Forster A. The Bradford community stroke trial: results at six months. BMJ 1992; 304 (6834): 1085–9PubMedCrossRef Young JB, Forster A. The Bradford community stroke trial: results at six months. BMJ 1992; 304 (6834): 1085–9PubMedCrossRef
101.
go back to reference Feys H, De Weerdt W, Selz B, et al. Effects of a therapeutic intervention for the hemiplegic upper limb in the acute phase after stroke: a single-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial. Stroke 1998; 29: 785–92PubMedCrossRef Feys H, De Weerdt W, Selz B, et al. Effects of a therapeutic intervention for the hemiplegic upper limb in the acute phase after stroke: a single-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial. Stroke 1998; 29: 785–92PubMedCrossRef
102.
go back to reference van Bennekom CAM, Jelles F, Lankhorst GJ, et al. Responsiveness of the Rehabilitation Activities Profile and the Barthel Index. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49: 39–44PubMedCrossRef van Bennekom CAM, Jelles F, Lankhorst GJ, et al. Responsiveness of the Rehabilitation Activities Profile and the Barthel Index. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49: 39–44PubMedCrossRef
103.
go back to reference Sinyor D, Amato P, Kaloupek DG, et al. Post-stroke depression: relationships to functional impairment, coping strategies, and rehabilitation outcome. Stroke 1986; 17: 1102–7PubMedCrossRef Sinyor D, Amato P, Kaloupek DG, et al. Post-stroke depression: relationships to functional impairment, coping strategies, and rehabilitation outcome. Stroke 1986; 17: 1102–7PubMedCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Wyller T, Holmen J, Laake P, et al. Correlates of subjective well-being in stroke patients. Stroke 1998; 29: 363–7PubMedCrossRef Wyller T, Holmen J, Laake P, et al. Correlates of subjective well-being in stroke patients. Stroke 1998; 29: 363–7PubMedCrossRef
105.
go back to reference Robinson RG, Bolduc PL, Kubos KL, et al. Social functioning assessment in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985; 66: 496–500PubMed Robinson RG, Bolduc PL, Kubos KL, et al. Social functioning assessment in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985; 66: 496–500PubMed
106.
go back to reference Robinson RG, Starr LB, Kubos KL, et al. A two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: findings during the initial evaluation. Stroke 1983; 14: 736–41PubMedCrossRef Robinson RG, Starr LB, Kubos KL, et al. A two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: findings during the initial evaluation. Stroke 1983; 14: 736–41PubMedCrossRef
107.
go back to reference Robinson RG, Bolduc PL, Price TR. Two-year longitudinal study of poststroke mood disorders: diagnosis and outcome at one and two years. Stroke 1987; 18: 837–43PubMedCrossRef Robinson RG, Bolduc PL, Price TR. Two-year longitudinal study of poststroke mood disorders: diagnosis and outcome at one and two years. Stroke 1987; 18: 837–43PubMedCrossRef
108.
go back to reference Robinson RG, Starr LB, Price TR. A two year longitudinal study of mood disorders following stroke: prevalence and duration at six months follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 1984; 144: 256–62PubMedCrossRef Robinson RG, Starr LB, Price TR. A two year longitudinal study of mood disorders following stroke: prevalence and duration at six months follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 1984; 144: 256–62PubMedCrossRef
109.
go back to reference Morris PLP, Robinson RG, Raphael B. Prevalence and course of depressive disorders in hospitalized stroke patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 1990; 20: 349–64PubMedCrossRef Morris PLP, Robinson RG, Raphael B. Prevalence and course of depressive disorders in hospitalized stroke patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 1990; 20: 349–64PubMedCrossRef
110.
go back to reference Herrmann N, Black S, Lawrence J, et al. The Sunnybrook Stroke Study: a prospective study of depressive symptoms and functional outcome. Stroke 1998; 29: 618–24PubMedCrossRef Herrmann N, Black S, Lawrence J, et al. The Sunnybrook Stroke Study: a prospective study of depressive symptoms and functional outcome. Stroke 1998; 29: 618–24PubMedCrossRef
111.
go back to reference Sisson RA. Cognitive status as a predictor of right hemisphere stroke outcomes. J Neurosci Nurs 1995; 27: 151–6CrossRef Sisson RA. Cognitive status as a predictor of right hemisphere stroke outcomes. J Neurosci Nurs 1995; 27: 151–6CrossRef
112.
go back to reference Starkstein S, Robinson R, Berthier M, et al. Depressive disorders following posterior circulation as compared with middle cerebral artery infarcts. Brain 1988; 111: 375–87PubMedCrossRef Starkstein S, Robinson R, Berthier M, et al. Depressive disorders following posterior circulation as compared with middle cerebral artery infarcts. Brain 1988; 111: 375–87PubMedCrossRef
113.
go back to reference Robinson R, Starr L, Lipsey J, et al. A two-year longitudinal study of poststroke mood disorders: in-hospital prognostic factors associated with six-month outcome. J Nerv Ment Dis 1985; 173: 221–6PubMedCrossRef Robinson R, Starr L, Lipsey J, et al. A two-year longitudinal study of poststroke mood disorders: in-hospital prognostic factors associated with six-month outcome. J Nerv Ment Dis 1985; 173: 221–6PubMedCrossRef
114.
go back to reference Starkstein SE, Robinson RG, Price TR. Comparison of patients with and without poststroke major depression matched for size and location of lesion. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 47–252CrossRef Starkstein SE, Robinson RG, Price TR. Comparison of patients with and without poststroke major depression matched for size and location of lesion. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 47–252CrossRef
115.
go back to reference Wade D, Legh-Smith J, Hewer R. Depressed mood after stroke: a community study of its frequency. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 151: 200–5PubMedCrossRef Wade D, Legh-Smith J, Hewer R. Depressed mood after stroke: a community study of its frequency. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 151: 200–5PubMedCrossRef
116.
go back to reference Forster A, Young J. Specialist nurse support for patients with stroke in the community: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1996; 312 (7047): 1642–6PubMedCrossRef Forster A, Young J. Specialist nurse support for patients with stroke in the community: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1996; 312 (7047): 1642–6PubMedCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Gordon WA, Hibbard MR, Egelko S, et al. Perceptual remediation in patients with right brain damage: a comprehensive program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985; 66: 353–9PubMed Gordon WA, Hibbard MR, Egelko S, et al. Perceptual remediation in patients with right brain damage: a comprehensive program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985; 66: 353–9PubMed
118.
go back to reference Clarke PJ, Black SE, Badley EM, et al. Handicap in stroke survivors. Disabil Rehabil 1999; 21: 116–23PubMedCrossRef Clarke PJ, Black SE, Badley EM, et al. Handicap in stroke survivors. Disabil Rehabil 1999; 21: 116–23PubMedCrossRef
119.
go back to reference Kappelle LJ, Adams HP, Heffner ML, et al. Prognosis of young adults with ischemic stroke: a long-term follow-up study assessing recurrent vascular events and functional outcome in the Iowa Registry of Stroke in Young Adults. Stroke 1994; 25: 1360–5PubMedCrossRef Kappelle LJ, Adams HP, Heffner ML, et al. Prognosis of young adults with ischemic stroke: a long-term follow-up study assessing recurrent vascular events and functional outcome in the Iowa Registry of Stroke in Young Adults. Stroke 1994; 25: 1360–5PubMedCrossRef
120.
go back to reference Martin P, Folopoulou M, Baker G, et al. Health-related quality of life after transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: is medical or surgical treatment influential? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1988; 7: 70–5CrossRef Martin P, Folopoulou M, Baker G, et al. Health-related quality of life after transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: is medical or surgical treatment influential? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1988; 7: 70–5CrossRef
121.
go back to reference de Haan R, Horn J, Limburg M, et al. A comparison of five stroke scales with measures of disability, handicap, and quality of life. Stroke 1993; 24: 1178–81PubMedCrossRef de Haan R, Horn J, Limburg M, et al. A comparison of five stroke scales with measures of disability, handicap, and quality of life. Stroke 1993; 24: 1178–81PubMedCrossRef
122.
go back to reference de Haan R, Limburg M, Bossuyt P, et al. The clinical meaning of Rankin ‘handicap’ grades after stroke. Stroke 1995; 26: 2027–30PubMedCrossRef de Haan R, Limburg M, Bossuyt P, et al. The clinical meaning of Rankin ‘handicap’ grades after stroke. Stroke 1995; 26: 2027–30PubMedCrossRef
123.
go back to reference Siu AL, Ouslander JG, Osterweil D, et al. Change in self-reported functioning in older persons entering a residential care facility. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 1093–101PubMedCrossRef Siu AL, Ouslander JG, Osterweil D, et al. Change in self-reported functioning in older persons entering a residential care facility. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 1093–101PubMedCrossRef
124.
go back to reference Sacco R, Boden-Albala B, Kargman D, et al. Quality of life after ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study [abstract]. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 322 Sacco R, Boden-Albala B, Kargman D, et al. Quality of life after ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study [abstract]. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 322
125.
go back to reference Steiner M. Quality of life after ischemic stroke in a multi-ethnic population: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Neurology 1997: A200–1 Steiner M. Quality of life after ischemic stroke in a multi-ethnic population: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Neurology 1997: A200–1
126.
go back to reference van Straten A, de Haan R, Limburg M, et al. A stroke-adapted 30-item version of the Sickness Impact Profile to assess quality of life (SA-SIP30). Stroke 1997; 28: 2155–61PubMedCrossRef van Straten A, de Haan R, Limburg M, et al. A stroke-adapted 30-item version of the Sickness Impact Profile to assess quality of life (SA-SIP30). Stroke 1997; 28: 2155–61PubMedCrossRef
127.
go back to reference Gill TM, Feinstein AR. A critical appraisal of the quality of quality-of-life measurements. JAMA 1994; 272: 619–26PubMedCrossRef Gill TM, Feinstein AR. A critical appraisal of the quality of quality-of-life measurements. JAMA 1994; 272: 619–26PubMedCrossRef
128.
go back to reference Kaplan R, Anderson J, Ganiats T. The quality of well-being scale: rationale for a single quality of life index. In: Walker S, Rosser R, editors. Quality of life assessment: key issues in the 1990s. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993: 65–94CrossRef Kaplan R, Anderson J, Ganiats T. The quality of well-being scale: rationale for a single quality of life index. In: Walker S, Rosser R, editors. Quality of life assessment: key issues in the 1990s. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993: 65–94CrossRef
129.
go back to reference Dorman P, Waddell F, Slattery J, et al. Is the EuroQol a valid measure of health-related quality of life after stroke? Stroke 1997; 28: 1876–82PubMedCrossRef Dorman P, Waddell F, Slattery J, et al. Is the EuroQol a valid measure of health-related quality of life after stroke? Stroke 1997; 28: 1876–82PubMedCrossRef
130.
go back to reference Kelly-Hayes M, Robertson J, Broderick J, et al. The American Heart Association stroke outcome classification. Stroke 1998; 29 (6): 1274–80PubMedCrossRef Kelly-Hayes M, Robertson J, Broderick J, et al. The American Heart Association stroke outcome classification. Stroke 1998; 29 (6): 1274–80PubMedCrossRef
131.
go back to reference Williams L, Weinberger M, Lazaridis E, et al. Development of a stroke-specific quality of life instrument [abstract]. AAN Scientific Program 1998; 2: 213–20 Williams L, Weinberger M, Lazaridis E, et al. Development of a stroke-specific quality of life instrument [abstract]. AAN Scientific Program 1998; 2: 213–20
132.
go back to reference Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, et al. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke 1999; 30: 2131–40PubMedCrossRef Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, et al. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke 1999; 30: 2131–40PubMedCrossRef
133.
go back to reference Williams LS, Weinberger M, Harris LE, et al. Development of a stroke-specific quality of life scale. Stroke 1999; 30: 1362–9PubMedCrossRef Williams LS, Weinberger M, Harris LE, et al. Development of a stroke-specific quality of life scale. Stroke 1999; 30: 1362–9PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
A Review of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures in Stroke
Authors
Dr Beatrice A. Golomb
Barbara G. Vickrey
Ron D. Hays
Publication date
01-02-2001
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
PharmacoEconomics / Issue 2/2001
Print ISSN: 1170-7690
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2027
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200119020-00004

Other articles of this Issue 2/2001

PharmacoEconomics 2/2001 Go to the issue