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Open Access 01-12-2014 | Review

Microglial pathology

Authors: Wolfgang J Streit, Qing-Shan Xue, Jasmin Tischer, Ingo Bechmann

Published in: Acta Neuropathologica Communications | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

This paper summarizes pathological changes that affect microglial cells in the human brain during aging and in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, primarily Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It also provides examples of microglial changes that have been observed in laboratory animals during aging and in some experimentally induced lesions and disease models. Dissimilarities and similarities between humans and rodents are discussed in an attempt to generate a current understanding of microglial pathology and its significance during aging and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer dementia (AD). The identification of dystrophic (senescent) microglia has created an ostensible conflict with prior work claiming a role for activated microglia and neuroinflammation during normal aging and in AD, and this has raised a basic question: does the brain's immune system become hyperactive (inflamed) or does it become weakened (senescent) in elderly and demented people, and what is the impact on neuronal function and cognition? Here we strive to reconcile these seemingly contradictory notions by arguing that both low-grade neuroinflammation and microglial senescence are the result of aging-associated free radical injury. Both processes are damaging for microglia as they synergistically exhaust this essential cell population to the point where the brain’s immune system is effete and unable to support neuronal function.

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Title: Microglial pathology
Authors: Wolfgang J Streit
Qing-Shan Xue
Jasmin Tischer
Ingo Bechmann
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Acta Neuropathologica Communications / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 2051-5960
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-014-0142-6

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Microglial pathology

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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