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Open Access 01-12-2021 | SARS-CoV-2 | Protocol

Racial and ethnic disparities in viral acute respiratory infections in the United States: protocol of a systematic review

Authors: Neia Prata Menezes, Jowanna Malone, Carrie Lyons, Kechna Cadet, Lorraine Dean, Gregorio Millett, Stefan Baral

Published in: Systematic Reviews | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted consistent inequities in incidence, disease severity, and mortality across racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States (US) and beyond. While similar patterns have been observed with previous viral respiratory pathogens, to date, no systematic review has comprehensively documented these disparities or potential contributing factors. In response, this review aims to synthesize data on racial and ethnic disparities in morbidity and mortality due to viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) other than SARS-CoV-2. This review will focus on understanding structural health and social factors to contextualize race and ethnicity driving these disparities in the US.

Methods

We will conduct a systematic review of studies published from January 1, 2002, onward. Our search will include PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCO Host-CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant articles. We will include studies of any design that describe racial/ethnic disparities associated with viral ARI conducted in the US. Primary outcomes include incidence, disease severity or complication, hospitalization, or death attributed to ARI. Secondary outcomes include uptake of preventive interventions including vaccination, handwashing, social distancing, and wearing masks. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract relevant data. Data characterizing individual-, community-, and structural-level factors associated with these disparities will be abstracted to better understand the underlying structural inequities contributing to racial disparities in ARI. We will assess the methodological quality of all studies and will conduct meta-analyses using random effects models if appropriate.

Discussion

Findings from this systematic review will shed light on patterns of racial and ethnic disparities in viral ARI in the United States to support mathematical modeling of epidemic trajectories, intervention impact, and structural drivers of transmission, including structural racism. Moreover, data emerging from this review may reignite pandemic preparedness focused on communities with specific vulnerabilities related to living and working conditions given prevailing structural inequities, thus facilitating improved future pandemic responses to novel or endemic viral respiratory pathogens.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020219771

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Title: Racial and ethnic disparities in viral acute respiratory infections in the United States: protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Neia Prata Menezes
Jowanna Malone
Carrie Lyons
Kechna Cadet
Lorraine Dean
Gregorio Millett
Stefan Baral
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2
Influenza
Published in: Systematic Reviews / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 2046-4053
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01749-8

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Racial and ethnic disparities in viral acute respiratory infections in the United States: protocol of a systematic review

Abstract

Background

Methods

Discussion

Systematic review registration

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Discussion

Systematic review registration

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