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Annals of Intensive Care
Published in: Annals of Intensive Care 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Acute Kidney Injury | Research

Comparison between watchful waiting strategy and early initiation of renal replacement therapy in the critically ill acute kidney injury population: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Jia-Jin Chen, Cheng-Chia Lee, George Kuo, Pei-Chun Fan, Chan-Yu Lin, Su-Wei Chang, Ya-Chung Tian, Yung-Chang Chen, Chih-Hsiang Chang

Published in: Annals of Intensive Care | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

The optimal timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation is debatable. Many articles in this field enrolled trials not based on acute kidney injury. The safety of the watchful waiting strategy has not been fully discussed, and late RRT initiation criteria vary across studies. The effect of early RRT initiation in the AKI population with high plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has not been examined yet.

Methods

In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systemically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Trials not conducted in the AKI population were excluded. Data of study characteristics, primary outcome (all-cause mortality), and related secondary outcomes [mechanical ventilation (MV) days, length of hospital stay, RRT days, and length of ICU stay] were extracted. The outcomes were compared between early and late RRT groups by estimating the pooled odds ratio (OR) for binary outcomes and the weighted mean difference for continuous outcomes. Prospective trials were also examined and analyzed using the same method.

Results

Nine RCTs with 1938 patients were included. Early RRT did not provide a survival benefit (pooled OR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–1.27). However, the early RRT group had significantly fewer MV days (pooled mean difference, − 3.98 days; 95% CI − 7.81 to − 0.15 days). Subgroup analysis showed that RCTs enrolling the surgical population (P = .001) and the AKI population with high plasma NGAL (P = .031) had favorable outcomes regarding RRT days in the early initiation group. Moreover, 6 of 9 RCTs were selected for examining the safety of the watchful waiting strategy, and no significant differences were found in primary and secondary outcomes between the early and late RRT groups.

Conclusions

Overall, early RRT initiation did not provide a survival benefit, but a possible benefit of fewer MV days was detected. Early RRT might also provide the benefit of shorter MV or RRT support in the surgical population and in AKI patients with high plasma NGAL. Depending on the conventional indication for RRT initiation, the watchful waiting strategy is safe on the basis of all primary and secondary outcomes.
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Metadata
Title
Comparison between watchful waiting strategy and early initiation of renal replacement therapy in the critically ill acute kidney injury population: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Jia-Jin Chen
Cheng-Chia Lee
George Kuo
Pei-Chun Fan
Chan-Yu Lin
Su-Wei Chang
Ya-Chung Tian
Yung-Chang Chen
Chih-Hsiang Chang
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Annals of Intensive Care / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 2110-5820
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-0641-5

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