Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
Published in: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Effect of fatigue caused by a simulated handball game on ball throwing velocity, shoulder muscle strength and balance ratio: a prospective study

Authors: Marília Santos Andrade, Fabiana de Carvalho Koffes, Ana Amélia Benedito-Silva, Antonio Carlos da Silva, Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira

Published in: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Arm throwing represents a deciding element in handball. Ball velocity, aim accuracy, and dynamic stability of the shoulder are factors that influence throwing effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle fatigue caused by simulated game activities (SGA) on shoulder rotational isokinetic muscle strength, muscle balance and throwing performance, and to examine the relationship between muscle strength and throwing performance.

Methods

Ten national elite adult handball athletes were evaluated. Isokinetic internal (IR), external (ER) rotators peak torque, and balance ratio were measured before and after SGA. Ball throwing velocity was assessed by radar gun.

Results

Both internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators peak torque were significantly lower after SGA (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.02, respectively). However, the deleterious effect was more evident for IR than ER muscles (effect size r = 0.39 and r = 0.18, respectively). Balance ratio before and after SGA did not differ (p = 0.06). Ball throwing velocity was not impaired by SGA. Moreover, isokinetic variables correlated positively with ball velocity (r ≥ 0.67).

Conclusions

SGA affected the muscle strength of IR more than ER, predisposing the shoulder joint to muscular imbalance. The muscular impairment after SGA was insufficient to impair ball throwing velocity.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
van den Tillaar R, Ettema G. Influence of instruction on velocity and accuracy of overarm throwing. Percept Mot Skills. 2003;96:423–34.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Jöris HJ, van Muyen AJ, van Ingen Schenau GJ, Kemper HC. Force, velocity and energy flow during the overarm throw in female handball players. J Biomech. 1985;18:409–14.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Noffal GJ. Isokinetic eccentric-to-concentric strength ratios of the shoulder rotator muscles in throwers and nonthrowers. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:537–41.PubMed
4.
Andrade Mdos S, Fleury AM, de Lira CA, Dubas JP, da Silva AC. Profile of isokinetic eccentric-to-concentric strength ratios of shoulder rotator muscles in elite female team handball players. J Sports Sci. 2010;28:743–9. doi:10.​1080/​0264041100364568​7.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Ellenbecker TS, Mattalino AJ. Concentric isokinetic shoulder internal and external rotation strength in professional baseball pitchers. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997;25:323–8.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Wilk KE, Meister K, Andrews JR. Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:136–51.PubMed
7.
Codine P, Bernard PL, Pocholle M, Herisson C. Isokinetic strength measurement and training of the shoulder: methodology and results. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2005;48:80–92.CrossRefPubMed
8.
9.
Wang HK, Cochrane T. Mobility impairment, muscle imbalance, muscle weakness, scapular asymmetry and shoulder injury in elite volleyball athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001;41:403–10.PubMed
10.
11.
Andrade Mdos S, de Lira CA, Vancini RL, de Almeida AA, Benedito-Silva AA, da Silva AC. Profiling the isokinetic shoulder rotator muscle strength in 13- to-36-year-old male and female handball players. Phys Ther Sport. 2013;14:246–52. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ptsp.​2012.​12.​002.CrossRefPubMed
12.
13.
14.
Hawkins RD, Fuller CW. A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional football clubs. Br J Sports Med. 1999;33:196–203.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
16.
17.
di Vico R, Ardigò LP, Salernitano G, Chamari K, Padulo J. The acute effect of the tongue position in the mouth on knee isokinetic test performance: a highly surprising pilot study. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;3:318–23.PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Bayios IA, Anastasopoulou EM, Sioudris DS, Boudolos KD. Relationship between isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators and ball velocity in team handball. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001;41:229–35.PubMed
19.
Forthomme B, Croisier JL, Ciccarone G, Crielaard JM, Cloes M. Factors correlated with volleyball spike velocity. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1513–9.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Bartlett LR, Storey MD, Simons BD. Measurement of upper extremity torque production and its relationship to throwing speed in the competitive athlete. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17:89–91.CrossRefPubMed
21.
De Siati F, Laffaye G, Gatta G, Dello Iacono A, Ardigò LP, Padulo J. Neuromuscular and technical abilities related to age in water-polo players. J Sports Sci. 2015;8:1–7 [Epub ahead of print].
22.
Squarcini CF, Pires ML, Lopes C, Benedito-Silva AA, Esteves AM, Cornelissen-Guillaume G, Matarazzo C, Garcia D, da Silva MS, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Free-running circadian rhythms of muscle strength, reaction time, and body temperature in totally blind people. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113:157–65. doi:10.​1007/​s00421-012-2415-8.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Dover G, Powers ME. Reliability of joint position sense and force-reproduction measures during internal and external rotation of the shoulder. J Athl Train. 2003;38:304–10.PubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Chaouachi A, Padulo J, Kasmi S, Othmen AB, Chatra M, Behm DG. Unilateral static and dynamic hamstrings stretching increases contralateral hip flexion range of motion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2015. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12263. [Epub ahead of print].
25.
26.
Padulo J, Chamari K, Concu A, Dal Pupo J, Laffaye G, Zagatto AM, Ardigò LP. Concentric and eccentric: muscle contraction or exercise? New perspective. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4(2):158.PubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Cools AM, Geerooms E, Van den Berghe DF, Cambier DC, Witvrouw EE. Isokinetic scapular muscle performance in young elite gymnasts. J Athl Train. 2007;42:458–63.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Fox 3rd SM, Naughton JP, Haskell WL. Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Ann Clin Res. 1971;3:404–32.PubMed
29.
Dancey C, Reidy J. Statistics without Maths for Psychology: using SPSS for Windows. 5th ed. London: Prentice Hall; 2011.
30.
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Oxford: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
31.
32.
Zapartidis I, Gouvali M, Bayios I, Boudolos K. Throwing effectiveness and rotational strength of the shoulder in team handball. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2007;47(2):169–78.PubMed
33.
Marques MC, van den Tilaar R, Vescovi JD, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Relationship between throwing velocity, muscle power, and bar velocity during bench press in elite handball players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007;2(4):414–22.PubMed
34.
Atwater AE. Biomechanics of overarm throwing movements and of throwing injuries. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1979;7:43–85.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Pappas AM, Zawacki RM, Sullivan TJ. Biomechanics of baseball pitching. A preliminary report. Am J Sports Med. 1985;13(4):216–22.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Yildiz Y, Aydin T, Sekir U, Kiralp MZ, Hazneci B, Kalyon TA. Shoulder terminal range eccentric antagonist/concentric agonist strength ratios in overhead athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16:174–80.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Niederbracht Y, Shim AL, Sloniger MA, Paternostro-Bayles M, Short TH. Effects of a shoulder injury prevention strength training program on eccentric external rotator muscle strength and glenohumeral joint imbalance in female overhead activity athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:140–5. doi:10.​1519/​JSC.​0b013e31815f5634​.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Effect of fatigue caused by a simulated handball game on ball throwing velocity, shoulder muscle strength and balance ratio: a prospective study
Authors
Marília Santos Andrade
Fabiana de Carvalho Koffes
Ana Amélia Benedito-Silva
Antonio Carlos da Silva
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 2052-1847
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-016-0038-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research article

Physical inactivity among physiotherapy undergraduates: exploring the knowledge-practice gap

Research article

The association between generalized joint hypermobility and active horizontal shoulder abduction in 10–15 year old competitive swimmers

Research article

Volume kinetic evaluation of fluid turnover after oral intake of tap water, lemonade and saline in volunteers

Research article

Incidence of back pain in adolescent athletes: a prospective study

Research article

Age profiles of sport participants

Research article

Ultrasound assessment of fascial connectivity in the lower limb during maximal cervical flexion: technical aspects and practical application of automatic tracking