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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Helicobacter Pylori | Research

Impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the gastric microbiome

Authors: Li-Qi Mao, Yan-Lin Zhou, Shuang-Shuang Wang, Lin Chen, Yue Hu, Lei-Min Yu, Jing-Ming Xu, Bin Lyu

Published in: Gut Pathogens | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication has been used for many years. Yet, the impact of this eradication on the normal gastric microflora is not well understood. In this study, we explored the effect of eradication on the stomach microbial community and its recovery after successful Hp eradication.

Methods

Among the 89 included patients, 23, 17, 40, and 9 were included in the Hp-negative, Hp-positive, successful eradication, and failed eradication groups, respectively. Four subgroups were further determined according to disease status (Hp-negative chronic gastritis [N-CG], Hp-negative atrophic gastritis [N-AG], successful-eradication chronic gastritis [SE-CG], and atrophic gastritis with successful eradication [SE-AG]). During the endoscopic examination, one piece of gastric mucosa tissue was obtained from the lesser curvature side of the gastric antrum and gastric corpus, respectively. In addition, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gastric mucosal microbiome.

Results

In the Hp-negative group, the gastric microbiota was dominated by five phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. After successfully eradicating Hp, the bacterial flora in the stomach recovered to a considerable extent. In the failed eradication group, the flora was similar to the flora in Hp-positive subjects based on the alpha and beta diversities. Among the groups, Curvibacter and Acinetobacter were enriched in the presence of Hp (i.e., failed eradication and Hp-positive groups), suggesting that these two genera could be used as biomarkers in the symbiotic flora in the presence of Hp. SE-CG was characterized by an increase in Firmicutes taxa and a decrease in Proteobacteria taxa compared with N-CG. SE-AG was characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes relative to N-AG. Finally, no differences were found in the pairwise comparisons of nitrate and nitrite reductase functions of the microflora among the four subgroups.

Conclusions

After Hp infection, the diversity and relative abundance of gastric microflora were significantly decreased. Yet, gastric microbiota could be partially restored to the Hp-negative status after eradication. Still, this effect was incomplete and might contribute to the long-term risks.

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Title: Impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the gastric microbiome
Authors: Li-Qi Mao
Yan-Lin Zhou
Shuang-Shuang Wang
Lin Chen
Yue Hu
Lei-Min Yu
Jing-Ming Xu
Bin Lyu
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Helicobacter Pylori
Gastritis
Respiratory Microbiota
Published in: Gut Pathogens / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1757-4749
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-021-00460-2

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