Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Arthritis | Editorial

Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin

Author: K. Raza

Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

A study by Raza et al., published in this journal in 2005, identified that RA patients, within 3 months of symptom onset, had a synovial fluid cytokine profile that was distinct from that of patients with other inflammatory arthritides of similarly short duration. This profile, which was transient, was characterised by cytokines of stromal and T cell origin. These findings suggested that the first few months after symptom onset were associated with changes in the early RA joint that differed from those operating at later stages. The significance of this paper’s methodological approach and its findings, and how they relate to subsequent literature, are discussed.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Emery P, Salmon M. Early rheumatoid arthritis: time to aim for remission? Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(12):944–7.CrossRef Emery P, Salmon M. Early rheumatoid arthritis: time to aim for remission? Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(12):944–7.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Dawes PT, Symmons DP. Short-term effects of antirheumatic drugs. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1992;6(1):117–40.CrossRef Dawes PT, Symmons DP. Short-term effects of antirheumatic drugs. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1992;6(1):117–40.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Raza K, Lee CY, Pilling D, Heaton S, Situnayake RD, Carruthers DM, Buckley CD, Gordon C, Salmon M. Ultrasound guidance allows accurate needle placement and aspiration from small joints in patients with early inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(8):976–9.CrossRef Raza K, Lee CY, Pilling D, Heaton S, Situnayake RD, Carruthers DM, Buckley CD, Gordon C, Salmon M. Ultrasound guidance allows accurate needle placement and aspiration from small joints in patients with early inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(8):976–9.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Raza K, Scheel-Toellner D, Lee CY, Pilling D, Curnow SJ, Falciani F, Trevino V, Kumar K, Assi LK, Lord JM, et al. Synovial fluid leukocyte apoptosis is inhibited in patients with very early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(4):R120.CrossRef Raza K, Scheel-Toellner D, Lee CY, Pilling D, Curnow SJ, Falciani F, Trevino V, Kumar K, Assi LK, Lord JM, et al. Synovial fluid leukocyte apoptosis is inhibited in patients with very early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(4):R120.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Raza K, Falciani F, Curnow SJ, Ross EJ, Lee CY, Akbar AN, Lord JM, Gordon C, Buckley CD, Salmon M. Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(4):R784–95.CrossRef Raza K, Falciani F, Curnow SJ, Ross EJ, Lee CY, Akbar AN, Lord JM, Gordon C, Buckley CD, Salmon M. Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(4):R784–95.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference van der Linden MP, le Cessie S, Raza K, van der Woude D, Knevel R, Huizinga TW, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Long-term impact of delay in assessment of patients with early arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(12):3537–46.CrossRef van der Linden MP, le Cessie S, Raza K, van der Woude D, Knevel R, Huizinga TW, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Long-term impact of delay in assessment of patients with early arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(12):3537–46.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference van Nies JA, Tsonaka R, Gaujoux-Viala C, Fautrel B, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Evaluating relationships between symptom duration and persistence of rheumatoid arthritis: does a window of opportunity exist? Results on the Leiden early arthritis clinic and ESPOIR cohorts. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(5):806–12.CrossRef van Nies JA, Tsonaka R, Gaujoux-Viala C, Fautrel B, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Evaluating relationships between symptom duration and persistence of rheumatoid arthritis: does a window of opportunity exist? Results on the Leiden early arthritis clinic and ESPOIR cohorts. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(5):806–12.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Yeo L, Adlard N, Biehl M, Juarez M, Smallie T, Snow M, Buckley CD, Raza K, Filer A, Scheel-Toellner D. Expression of chemokines CXCL4 and CXCL7 by synovial macrophages defines an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(4):763–71.CrossRef Yeo L, Adlard N, Biehl M, Juarez M, Smallie T, Snow M, Buckley CD, Raza K, Filer A, Scheel-Toellner D. Expression of chemokines CXCL4 and CXCL7 by synovial macrophages defines an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(4):763–71.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Buckley CD, Filer A, Haworth O, Parsonage G, Salmon M. Defining a role for fibroblasts in the persistence of chronic inflammatory joint disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(Suppl 2):ii92–5.PubMedPubMedCentral Buckley CD, Filer A, Haworth O, Parsonage G, Salmon M. Defining a role for fibroblasts in the persistence of chronic inflammatory joint disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(Suppl 2):ii92–5.PubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Choi IY, Karpus ON, Turner JD, Hardie D, Marshall JL, de Hair MJH, Maijer KI, Tak PP, Raza K, Hamann J, et al. Stromal cell markers are differentially expressed in the synovial tissue of patients with early arthritis. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182751.CrossRef Choi IY, Karpus ON, Turner JD, Hardie D, Marshall JL, de Hair MJH, Maijer KI, Tak PP, Raza K, Hamann J, et al. Stromal cell markers are differentially expressed in the synovial tissue of patients with early arthritis. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182751.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Filer A, Ward LSC, Kemble S, Davies CS, Munir H, Rogers R, Raza K, Buckley CD, Nash GB, McGettrick HM. Identification of a transitional fibroblast function in very early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(12):2105–12.CrossRef Filer A, Ward LSC, Kemble S, Davies CS, Munir H, Rogers R, Raza K, Buckley CD, Nash GB, McGettrick HM. Identification of a transitional fibroblast function in very early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(12):2105–12.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Nayar S, Campos J, Smith CG, Iannizzotto V, Gardner DH, Mourcin F, Roulois D, Turner J, Sylvestre M, Asam S, et al. Immunofibroblasts are pivotal drivers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation and local pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(27):13490–7.CrossRef Nayar S, Campos J, Smith CG, Iannizzotto V, Gardner DH, Mourcin F, Roulois D, Turner J, Sylvestre M, Asam S, et al. Immunofibroblasts are pivotal drivers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation and local pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(27):13490–7.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Burgers LE, Raza K, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Window of opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis - definitions and supporting evidence: from old to new perspectives. RMD Open. 2019;5(1):e000870.CrossRef Burgers LE, Raza K, van der Helm-van Mil AH. Window of opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis - definitions and supporting evidence: from old to new perspectives. RMD Open. 2019;5(1):e000870.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Gerlag DM, Raza K, van Baarsen LG, Brouwer E, Buckley CD, Burmester GR, Gabay C, Catrina AI, Cope AP, Cornelis F, et al. EULAR recommendations for terminology and research in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis: report from the Study Group for Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(5):638–41.CrossRef Gerlag DM, Raza K, van Baarsen LG, Brouwer E, Buckley CD, Burmester GR, Gabay C, Catrina AI, Cope AP, Cornelis F, et al. EULAR recommendations for terminology and research in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis: report from the Study Group for Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(5):638–41.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference van Steenbergen HW, Aletaha D, Beaart-van de Voorde LJ, Brouwer E, Codreanu C, Combe B, Fonseca JE, Hetland ML, Humby F, Kvien TK, et al. EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(3):491–6.CrossRef van Steenbergen HW, Aletaha D, Beaart-van de Voorde LJ, Brouwer E, Codreanu C, Combe B, Fonseca JE, Hetland ML, Humby F, Kvien TK, et al. EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(3):491–6.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Raza K, Saber TP, Kvien TK, Tak PP, Gerlag DM. Timing the therapeutic window of opportunity in early rheumatoid arthritis: proposal for definitions of disease duration in clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(12):1921–3.CrossRef Raza K, Saber TP, Kvien TK, Tak PP, Gerlag DM. Timing the therapeutic window of opportunity in early rheumatoid arthritis: proposal for definitions of disease duration in clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(12):1921–3.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference de Hair MJ, van de Sande MG, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Hansson M, Landewe R, van der Leij C, Maas M, Serre G, van Schaardenburg D, Klareskog L, et al. Features of the synovium of individuals at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: implications for understanding preclinical rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(3):513–22.CrossRef de Hair MJ, van de Sande MG, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Hansson M, Landewe R, van der Leij C, Maas M, Serre G, van Schaardenburg D, Klareskog L, et al. Features of the synovium of individuals at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: implications for understanding preclinical rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(3):513–22.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Zhang F, Wei K, Slowikowski K, Fonseka CY, Rao DA, Kelly S, Goodman SM, Tabechian D, Hughes LB, Salomon-Escoto K, et al. Defining inflammatory cell states in rheumatoid arthritis joint synovial tissues by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry. Nat Immunol. 2019;20(7):928–42.CrossRef Zhang F, Wei K, Slowikowski K, Fonseka CY, Rao DA, Kelly S, Goodman SM, Tabechian D, Hughes LB, Salomon-Escoto K, et al. Defining inflammatory cell states in rheumatoid arthritis joint synovial tissues by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry. Nat Immunol. 2019;20(7):928–42.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin
Author
K. Raza
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Arthritis Research & Therapy / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1478-6362
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-019-2026-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Arthritis Research & Therapy 1/2019 Go to the issue