Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Trials 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Study protocol

TIGA-CUB – manualised psychoanalytic child psychotherapy versus treatment as usual for children aged 5–11 years with treatment-resistant conduct disorders and their primary carers: study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial

Authors: Elizabeth Edginton, Rebecca Walwyn, Kayleigh Burton, Robert Cicero, Liz Graham, Sadie Reed, Sandy Tubeuf, Maureen Twiddy, Alex Wright-Hughes, Lynda Ellis, Dot Evans, Tom Hughes, Nick Midgley, Paul Wallis, David Cottrell

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends evidence-based parenting programmes as a first-line intervention for conduct disorders (CD) in children aged 5–11 years. As these are not effective in 25–33% of cases, NICE has requested research into second-line interventions. Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists (CAPTs) address highly complex problems where first-line treatments have failed and there have been small-scale studies of Psychoanalytic Child Psychotherapy (PCP) for CD. A feasibility trial is needed to determine whether a confirmatory trial of manualised PCP (mPCP) versus Treatment as Usual (TaU) for CD is practicable or needs refinement. The aim of this paper is to publish the abridged protocol of this feasibility trial.

Methods and design

TIGA-CUB (Trial on improving Inter-Generational Attachment for Children Undergoing Behaviour problems) is a two-arm, pragmatic, parallel-group, multicentre, individually randomised (1:1) controlled feasibility trial (target n = 60) with blinded outcome assessment (at 4 and 8 months), which aims to develop an optimum practicable protocol for a confirmatory, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial (RCT) (primary outcome: child’s behaviour; secondary outcomes: parental reflective functioning and mental health, child and parent quality of life), comparing mPCP and TaU as second-line treatments for children aged 5–11 years with treatment-resistant CD and inter-generational attachment difficulties, and for their primary carers. Child-primary carer dyads will be recruited following a referral to, or re-referral within, National Health Service (NHS) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) after an unsuccessful first-line parenting intervention. PCP will be delivered by qualified CAPTs working in routine NHS clinical practice, using a trial-specific PCP manual (a brief version of established PCP clinical practice). Outcomes are: (1) feasibility of recruitment methods, (2) uptake and follow-up rates, (3) therapeutic delivery, treatment retention and attendance, intervention adherence rates, (4) follow-up data collection, and (5) statistical, health economics, process evaluation, and qualitative outcomes.

Discussion

TIGA-CUB will provide important information on the feasibility and potential challenges of undertaking a confirmatory RCT to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mPCP.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials, ID: ISRCTN86725795. Registered on 31 May 2016.  
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference NICE. Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: recognition, intervention and management (National Clinical Guideline 158). Commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. London: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2013. NICE. Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: recognition, intervention and management (National Clinical Guideline 158). Commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. London: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2013.
2.
go back to reference Green H, et al. Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain, 2004. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Office for National Statistics and Palgrave McMillan; 2005.CrossRef Green H, et al. Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain, 2004. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Office for National Statistics and Palgrave McMillan; 2005.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference McCrone P, et al. Paying the price: the cost of mental health care in England to 2026. London: King’s Fund; 2008. McCrone P, et al. Paying the price: the cost of mental health care in England to 2026. London: King’s Fund; 2008.
4.
go back to reference Piquero A, et al. Trajectories of offending and their relation to life failure in late middle age: findings from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. J Res Crime Delinquency. 2010;47(2):151–73.CrossRef Piquero A, et al. Trajectories of offending and their relation to life failure in late middle age: findings from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. J Res Crime Delinquency. 2010;47(2):151–73.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Moffitt T, et al. Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescent-limited antisocial pathways: follow-up at age 26 years. Dev Psychopathol. 2002;14:179–207.CrossRefPubMed Moffitt T, et al. Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescent-limited antisocial pathways: follow-up at age 26 years. Dev Psychopathol. 2002;14:179–207.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Moffitt T. Life-course persistent versus adolescent-limited antisocial behaviour. In: Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ, editors. Developmental psychopathology. Holboken: Wiley; 2006. Moffitt T. Life-course persistent versus adolescent-limited antisocial behaviour. In: Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ, editors. Developmental psychopathology. Holboken: Wiley; 2006.
7.
go back to reference Odgers C, et al. Female and male antisocial trajectories: from childhood origins to adult outcomes. Dev Psychopathol. 2008;20(2):673–716.CrossRefPubMed Odgers C, et al. Female and male antisocial trajectories: from childhood origins to adult outcomes. Dev Psychopathol. 2008;20(2):673–716.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Odgers C, et al. Prediction of differential adult health burden by conduct problem subtypes in males. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:476–84.CrossRefPubMed Odgers C, et al. Prediction of differential adult health burden by conduct problem subtypes in males. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:476–84.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Koning P, et al. The effect of childhood conduct disorder on human capital. Vol. DP No. 4940. Bonn: IZA; 2010. Koning P, et al. The effect of childhood conduct disorder on human capital. Vol. DP No. 4940. Bonn: IZA; 2010.
10.
go back to reference Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health. The chance of a lifetime: preventing early conduct problems and reducing crime. London: Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health; 2009. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health. The chance of a lifetime: preventing early conduct problems and reducing crime. London: Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health; 2009.
11.
go back to reference Kim-Cohen J, et al. Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:709–17.CrossRefPubMed Kim-Cohen J, et al. Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:709–17.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Moffitt T, Scott S. Conduct disorders of childhood and adolescence. In: Rutter M et al., editors. Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2008. Moffitt T, Scott S. Conduct disorders of childhood and adolescence. In: Rutter M et al., editors. Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2008.
13.
go back to reference Healey A, Knapp M, Farrington D. Adult labour market implications of antisocial behaviour in childhood and adolescence: findings from a UK longitudinal study. Appl Econ. 2004;36:93–105.CrossRef Healey A, Knapp M, Farrington D. Adult labour market implications of antisocial behaviour in childhood and adolescence: findings from a UK longitudinal study. Appl Econ. 2004;36:93–105.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Romeo R, Knapp M, Scott S. Economic cost of severe antisocial behaviour in children—and who pays it. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:547–53.CrossRefPubMed Romeo R, Knapp M, Scott S. Economic cost of severe antisocial behaviour in children—and who pays it. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:547–53.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Vostanis P, et al. Service utilisation by children with conduct disorders—findings from the GB National Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;12(5):231–38.CrossRefPubMed Vostanis P, et al. Service utilisation by children with conduct disorders—findings from the GB National Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;12(5):231–38.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Knapp M, et al. Economic outcomes in adulthood and their associations with antisocial conduct, attention deficit and anxiety problems in childhood. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2011;14(3):137–47.PubMed Knapp M, et al. Economic outcomes in adulthood and their associations with antisocial conduct, attention deficit and anxiety problems in childhood. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2011;14(3):137–47.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Bonin E, et al. Costs and longer-term savings of parenting programmes for the prevention of persistent conduct disorder: a modelling study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(803):1–10. Bonin E, et al. Costs and longer-term savings of parenting programmes for the prevention of persistent conduct disorder: a modelling study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(803):1–10.
19.
go back to reference Scott S, Dadds M. Practitioner review: when parent training doesn’t work: theory-driven clinical strategies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 2009;50(12):1441–50.CrossRef Scott S, Dadds M. Practitioner review: when parent training doesn’t work: theory-driven clinical strategies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 2009;50(12):1441–50.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Scott S. An update on interventions for conduct disorder. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2008;14:61–70.CrossRef Scott S. An update on interventions for conduct disorder. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2008;14:61–70.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Fearon R, et al. The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: a meta-analytic study. Child Dev. 2010;81:435–56.CrossRefPubMed Fearon R, et al. The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: a meta-analytic study. Child Dev. 2010;81:435–56.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference van Ijzendoorn M, Schuengel C, Bakermans-Kranenburg M. Disorganized attachment in early childhood: meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae. Dev Psychopathol. 1999;11:225–49.CrossRefPubMed van Ijzendoorn M, Schuengel C, Bakermans-Kranenburg M. Disorganized attachment in early childhood: meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae. Dev Psychopathol. 1999;11:225–49.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Groh A, et al. The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children’s internalizing symptoms: a meta-analytic study. Child Dev. 2012;83(2):591–610.PubMed Groh A, et al. The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children’s internalizing symptoms: a meta-analytic study. Child Dev. 2012;83(2):591–610.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Madigan S, et al. Unresolved maternal attachment representations, disrupted maternal behavior and disorganized attachment in infancy: links to toddler behavior problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48(10):1042–50.CrossRefPubMed Madigan S, et al. Unresolved maternal attachment representations, disrupted maternal behavior and disorganized attachment in infancy: links to toddler behavior problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48(10):1042–50.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Deklyen M. Disruptive behavior disorder and intergenerational attachment patterns: a comparison of clinic-referred and normally functioning preschoolers and their mothers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(2):357–65.CrossRefPubMed Deklyen M. Disruptive behavior disorder and intergenerational attachment patterns: a comparison of clinic-referred and normally functioning preschoolers and their mothers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(2):357–65.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Madigan S, Moran G, Pederson D. Unresolved states of mind, disorganized attachment relationships, and disrupted interactions of adolescent mothers and their infants. Dev Psychol. 2006;42(2):293–304.CrossRefPubMed Madigan S, Moran G, Pederson D. Unresolved states of mind, disorganized attachment relationships, and disrupted interactions of adolescent mothers and their infants. Dev Psychol. 2006;42(2):293–304.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Marchand J, Schedler S, Wagstaff D. The role of parents’ attachment orientations, depressive symptoms, and conflict behaviors in children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Early Child Res Q. 2004;19:449–62.CrossRef Marchand J, Schedler S, Wagstaff D. The role of parents’ attachment orientations, depressive symptoms, and conflict behaviors in children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Early Child Res Q. 2004;19:449–62.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Verhage M, et al. Narrowing the transmission gap: a synthesis of three decades of research on intergenerational attachment. Psychol Bull. 2016;142(4):337–66.CrossRefPubMed Verhage M, et al. Narrowing the transmission gap: a synthesis of three decades of research on intergenerational attachment. Psychol Bull. 2016;142(4):337–66.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference van Ijzendoorn M. Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: a meta analysis of the predictive validity on the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychol Bull. 1995;117(3):387–403.CrossRefPubMed van Ijzendoorn M. Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: a meta analysis of the predictive validity on the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychol Bull. 1995;117(3):387–403.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Kelly K, Slade A, Grienenberger J. Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attach Human Dev. 2005;7(3):299–311.CrossRef Kelly K, Slade A, Grienenberger J. Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attach Human Dev. 2005;7(3):299–311.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Slade A, et al. Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: a preliminary study. Attach Human Dev. 2005;7(3):283–98.CrossRef Slade A, et al. Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: a preliminary study. Attach Human Dev. 2005;7(3):283–98.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Fonagy P, et al. The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(1):22–31.CrossRefPubMed Fonagy P, et al. The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(1):22–31.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Fischer-Kern M, et al. The relationship between personality organization, reflective functioning, and psychiatric classification in borderline personality disorder. Psychoanal Psychol. 2010;27(4):395–409.CrossRef Fischer-Kern M, et al. The relationship between personality organization, reflective functioning, and psychiatric classification in borderline personality disorder. Psychoanal Psychol. 2010;27(4):395–409.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Barker E, Maughan B. Differentiating early-onset persistent versus childhood-limited conduct problem youth. Am J Psychiatr. 2009;166:900–08.CrossRefPubMed Barker E, Maughan B. Differentiating early-onset persistent versus childhood-limited conduct problem youth. Am J Psychiatr. 2009;166:900–08.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Rutter M, Quinton D, Hill J. Adult outcome of institution-reared children: males and females compared. In: Robins L, editor. Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990. Rutter M, Quinton D, Hill J. Adult outcome of institution-reared children: males and females compared. In: Robins L, editor. Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990.
37.
go back to reference Saunders R, et al. Pathways to earned-security: the role of alternative support figures. Attach Human Dev. 2011;13(4):403–20.CrossRef Saunders R, et al. Pathways to earned-security: the role of alternative support figures. Attach Human Dev. 2011;13(4):403–20.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Zaccagnino M, et al. Alternative caregiving figures and their role on adult attachment representations. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2014;21(3):276–87.CrossRefPubMed Zaccagnino M, et al. Alternative caregiving figures and their role on adult attachment representations. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2014;21(3):276–87.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Kennedy E. Child and adolescent psychotherapy: a systematic review of psychoanalytic approaches. London: North Central London Strategic Health Authority; 2004. Kennedy E. Child and adolescent psychotherapy: a systematic review of psychoanalytic approaches. London: North Central London Strategic Health Authority; 2004.
40.
go back to reference Kam S, Midgley M. Exploring ‘clinical judgement’: how do child and adolescent mental health professionals decide whether a young person needs individual psychotherapy? Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;11(27):27–44.CrossRefPubMed Kam S, Midgley M. Exploring ‘clinical judgement’: how do child and adolescent mental health professionals decide whether a young person needs individual psychotherapy? Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;11(27):27–44.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Sutton A, Hughes L. The psychotherapy of parenthood: towards a formulation and valuation of concurrent work with parents. J Child Psychother. 2005;31(2):169–88.CrossRef Sutton A, Hughes L. The psychotherapy of parenthood: towards a formulation and valuation of concurrent work with parents. J Child Psychother. 2005;31(2):169–88.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Fonagy P, Target M. Predictors of outcome in child psychoanalysis: a retrospective study of 793 cases at the Anna Freud Centre. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;44(1):27–77. Fonagy P, Target M. Predictors of outcome in child psychoanalysis: a retrospective study of 793 cases at the Anna Freud Centre. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;44(1):27–77.
43.
go back to reference Fonagy P, Target M. The efficacy of psychoanalysis for children with disruptive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33(1):45–55.CrossRefPubMed Fonagy P, Target M. The efficacy of psychoanalysis for children with disruptive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33(1):45–55.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Eresund P. Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children with disruptive disorders. J Child Psychother. 2007;33(2):161–80.CrossRef Eresund P. Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children with disruptive disorders. J Child Psychother. 2007;33(2):161–80.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Winkelmann K, et al. Efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy for children and adolescents with behaviour disorders. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2005;54(7):598–614.PubMed Winkelmann K, et al. Efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy for children and adolescents with behaviour disorders. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2005;54(7):598–614.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Szapocznik J, et al. Structural family versus psychodynamic child psychotherapy for problematic Hispanic boys. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1989;57(5):571–78.CrossRefPubMed Szapocznik J, et al. Structural family versus psychodynamic child psychotherapy for problematic Hispanic boys. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1989;57(5):571–78.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Slade A, et al. Minding the baby: a reflective parenting program. Psychoanal Study Child. 2005;60:74–100.PubMed Slade A, et al. Minding the baby: a reflective parenting program. Psychoanal Study Child. 2005;60:74–100.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Baradon T, et al. New Beginnings—an experience-based programme addressing the attachment relationship between mothers and their babies in prison. J Child Psychother. 2008;34(2):240–58.CrossRef Baradon T, et al. New Beginnings—an experience-based programme addressing the attachment relationship between mothers and their babies in prison. J Child Psychother. 2008;34(2):240–58.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Gottken T, von Klitzing K. Manual for short-term Psychoanalytic Child Therapy (PaCT). London: Karnac; 2014. Gottken T, von Klitzing K. Manual for short-term Psychoanalytic Child Therapy (PaCT). London: Karnac; 2014.
50.
go back to reference Goodman G, Bartlett R. Mothers’ borderline features and children’s disorganized attachment representations as predictors of children’s externalizing behavior. Psychoanal Psychol. 2013;30(1):16–36.CrossRef Goodman G, Bartlett R. Mothers’ borderline features and children’s disorganized attachment representations as predictors of children’s externalizing behavior. Psychoanal Psychol. 2013;30(1):16–36.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Goodman R. Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(11):1337–45.CrossRefPubMed Goodman R. Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40(11):1337–45.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Goldberg D, Williams P. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). NFERNelson: Swindon, Wiltshire, UK; 1988. Goldberg D, Williams P. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). NFERNelson: Swindon, Wiltshire, UK; 1988.
53.
go back to reference Saunders J, et al. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II, vol. 88. Abingdon: Addiction; 1993. p. 791. Saunders J, et al. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II, vol. 88. Abingdon: Addiction; 1993. p. 791.
55.
go back to reference Achenbach T, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms and Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families; 2001. Achenbach T, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms and Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families; 2001.
56.
go back to reference Thomas A. Manual for Teacher’s Report Form and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychology; 1991. Thomas A. Manual for Teacher’s Report Form and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychology; 1991.
57.
go back to reference Abidin R. Parenting Stress Index professional manual. 4th ed. Odessa, USA: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc; 2012. Abidin R. Parenting Stress Index professional manual. 4th ed. Odessa, USA: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc; 2012.
58.
go back to reference Beck A, Ward C, Mendelson M. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561–71.CrossRefPubMed Beck A, Ward C, Mendelson M. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561–71.CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference amoirano, A. Mentalizing makes parenting work: a review about parental reflective functioning and clinical interventions to improve it. Front Psychol. 8. https://doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00014. amoirano, A. Mentalizing makes parenting work: a review about parental reflective functioning and clinical interventions to improve it. Front Psychol. 8. https://​doi:10.​3389/​fpsyg.​2017.​00014.
62.
go back to reference The EuroQuol Group. EuroQol—a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990;16(3):199–208.CrossRef The EuroQuol Group. EuroQol—a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990;16(3):199–208.CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Shih W, Ohman‐Strickland P, Lin Y. Analysis of pilot and early phase studies with small sample sizes. Stat Med. 2004;23(12):1827–42.CrossRefPubMed Shih W, Ohman‐Strickland P, Lin Y. Analysis of pilot and early phase studies with small sample sizes. Stat Med. 2004;23(12):1827–42.CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference Lancaster G, Dodd S, Williamson P. Design and analysis of pilot studies: recommendations for good practice. J Eval Clin Pract. 2004;10(2):307–12.CrossRefPubMed Lancaster G, Dodd S, Williamson P. Design and analysis of pilot studies: recommendations for good practice. J Eval Clin Pract. 2004;10(2):307–12.CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Browne R. On the use of a pilot sample for sample size determination. Stat Med. 1995;14(17):1933–40.CrossRefPubMed Browne R. On the use of a pilot sample for sample size determination. Stat Med. 1995;14(17):1933–40.CrossRefPubMed
68.
go back to reference Scott S, et al. Multicentre controlled trial of parenting groups for childhood antisocial behaviour in clinical practice. Commentary: nipping conduct problems in the bud. BMJ. 2001;323(7306):194.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Scott S, et al. Multicentre controlled trial of parenting groups for childhood antisocial behaviour in clinical practice. Commentary: nipping conduct problems in the bud. BMJ. 2001;323(7306):194.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
go back to reference Gardner F, Burton J, Klimes I. Randomised controlled trial of a parenting intervention in the voluntary sector for reducing child conduct problems: outcomes and mechanisms of change. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;47(11):1123–32.CrossRefPubMed Gardner F, Burton J, Klimes I. Randomised controlled trial of a parenting intervention in the voluntary sector for reducing child conduct problems: outcomes and mechanisms of change. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;47(11):1123–32.CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference Hutchings J, et al. Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007;334(7595):678.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hutchings J, et al. Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007;334(7595):678.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
go back to reference Kling Å, et al. A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of parent management training with varying degrees of therapist support. Behav Ther. 2010;41(4):530–42.CrossRefPubMed Kling Å, et al. A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of parent management training with varying degrees of therapist support. Behav Ther. 2010;41(4):530–42.CrossRefPubMed
72.
go back to reference Larsson B, et al. Treatment of oppositional defiant and conduct problems in young Norwegian children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;18(1):42–52.CrossRefPubMed Larsson B, et al. Treatment of oppositional defiant and conduct problems in young Norwegian children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;18(1):42–52.CrossRefPubMed
73.
go back to reference Scott S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of parent groups for child antisocial behaviour targeting multiple risk factors: The SPOKES project. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(1):48–57.CrossRefPubMed Scott S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of parent groups for child antisocial behaviour targeting multiple risk factors: The SPOKES project. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(1):48–57.CrossRefPubMed
74.
go back to reference Alvarez A. Motiveless malignity: problems in the psychotherapy of psychopathic patients. J Child Psychother. 1995;21(2):167–82.CrossRef Alvarez A. Motiveless malignity: problems in the psychotherapy of psychopathic patients. J Child Psychother. 1995;21(2):167–82.CrossRef
75.
go back to reference Canham H. Spitting, kicking and stripping: technical difficulties encountered in the treatment of deprived children. J Child Psychother. 2004;30(2):143–54.CrossRef Canham H. Spitting, kicking and stripping: technical difficulties encountered in the treatment of deprived children. J Child Psychother. 2004;30(2):143–54.CrossRef
76.
go back to reference Orford E. Wrestling with the whirlwind: an approach to the understanding of ADD/ADHD. J Child Psychother. 1998;24(2):253–66.CrossRef Orford E. Wrestling with the whirlwind: an approach to the understanding of ADD/ADHD. J Child Psychother. 1998;24(2):253–66.CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Widener A. Beyond Ritalin: the importance of therapeutic work with parents and children diagnosed ADD/ADHD. J Child Psychother. 1998;24(2):267–81.CrossRef Widener A. Beyond Ritalin: the importance of therapeutic work with parents and children diagnosed ADD/ADHD. J Child Psychother. 1998;24(2):267–81.CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Whelan D. On the intermingling of conflict and deficit: the case of a hospitalized boy with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. J Infant Child Adolesc Psychother. 2004;3(1):119–37.CrossRef Whelan D. On the intermingling of conflict and deficit: the case of a hospitalized boy with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. J Infant Child Adolesc Psychother. 2004;3(1):119–37.CrossRef
79.
go back to reference Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.CrossRef Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.CrossRef
80.
go back to reference Joffe H, Yardley L. 4 Content and thematic analysis. Res Methods Clin Health Psychol. 2004;56-68. Joffe H, Yardley L. 4 Content and thematic analysis. Res Methods Clin Health Psychol. 2004;56-68.
81.
go back to reference Chan A, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, Laupacis A, Gøtzsche PC, Krleža-Jerić K, et al. SPIRIT 2013 Statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:200–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chan A, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, Laupacis A, Gøtzsche PC, Krleža-Jerić K, et al. SPIRIT 2013 Statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:200–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
83.
go back to reference Department for Education and Skills and Department of Health. National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services: The Mental Health and Psychological Well-being of Children and Young People. London: The Department of Health; 2004. Department for Education and Skills and Department of Health. National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services: The Mental Health and Psychological Well-being of Children and Young People. London: The Department of Health; 2004.
84.
go back to reference Wright B. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Winchester, England. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(52):1–347.CrossRef Wright B. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Winchester, England. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(52):1–347.CrossRef
85.
go back to reference Fonagy P. The research agenda: the vital need for empirical research in child psychotherapy. J Child Psychother. 2003;29(2):129–36.CrossRef Fonagy P. The research agenda: the vital need for empirical research in child psychotherapy. J Child Psychother. 2003;29(2):129–36.CrossRef
86.
go back to reference Bakker, M, et al. Practitioner review: psychological treatments for children and adolescents with conduct disorder problems—a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;38(1). https://doi:10.1111/jcpp.125900. Bakker, M, et al. Practitioner review: psychological treatments for children and adolescents with conduct disorder problems—a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;38(1). https://​doi:10.​1111/​jcpp.​125900.
Metadata
Title
TIGA-CUB – manualised psychoanalytic child psychotherapy versus treatment as usual for children aged 5–11 years with treatment-resistant conduct disorders and their primary carers: study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors
Elizabeth Edginton
Rebecca Walwyn
Kayleigh Burton
Robert Cicero
Liz Graham
Sadie Reed
Sandy Tubeuf
Maureen Twiddy
Alex Wright-Hughes
Lynda Ellis
Dot Evans
Tom Hughes
Nick Midgley
Paul Wallis
David Cottrell
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2166-2

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Trials 1/2017 Go to the issue