Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research

ER-α36 mediates cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells through EGFR/HER-2/ERK signaling pathway

Authors: Linlin Zhu, Jiao Zou, Yuanyin Zhao, Xiaomei Jiang, Yang Wang, Xiangwei Wang, Bin Chen

Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

ER-α36, a novel ER-α66 variant, has been demonstrated to promote tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. However, the role and mechanisms of ER-α36 in cisplatin resistance of breast cancer cells remain unclear. This study investigates the expression and role of ER-α36 in cisplatin resistance of breast cancer cells and elucidates its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The expression of ER-α36 and the proteins involved in nongenomic estrogen signaling was evaluated by western blot analysis. Cisplatin sensitivity was explored by CCK-8 assay, monolayer colony formation assay and apoptosis assays, respectively. ER-α36 siRNAs/shRNAs and overexpression vector were transfected into cells to down-regulate or up-regulate ER-α36 expression. Loss-and gain-of function assays were performed to investigate the role of ER-α36 in cisplatin sensitivity. The interaction between ER-α36 and EGFR/HER-2 were detected using CoIP. A mouse xenograft model of breast cancer was established to verify the role of ER-α36 in vivo.

Results

ER-α36 is expressed at higher levels in cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cells compared to cisplatin sensitive cells. Cisplatin induced up-regulation of ER-α36 in a dose-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of ER-α36 leaded to cell resistant to cisplatin and knockdown of ER-α36 in cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cells restored cisplatin sensitivity. The up-regulation of ER-α36 resulted in increased activation of nongenomic estrogen signaling, which was responsible for cisplatin resistance. Disruption of ER-α36-mediated nongenomic estrogen signaling with kinase inhibitors significantly inhibited cisplatin-induced expression of ER-α36 and increased cisplatin sensitivity. The in vivo experiment also confirmed that up-regulation of ER-α36 attenuated cisplatin sensitivity in a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer.

Conclusions

The results for the first time demonstrated that ER-α36 mediates cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells through nongenomic estrogen signaling, suggesting that ER-α36 may serve as a novel target for cisplatin resistance and a potential indicator of cisplatin sensitivity in breast cancer treatment.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ugur S, Ulu R, Dogukan A, Gurel A, Yigit IP, Gozel N, Aygen B, Ilhan N. The renoprotective effect of curcumin in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Ren Fail. 2015;37(2):332–6.CrossRefPubMed Ugur S, Ulu R, Dogukan A, Gurel A, Yigit IP, Gozel N, Aygen B, Ilhan N. The renoprotective effect of curcumin in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Ren Fail. 2015;37(2):332–6.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Wilmes A, Bielow C, Ranninger C, Bellwon P, Aschauer L, Limonciel A, Chassaigne H, Kristl T, Aiche S, Huber CG, Guillou C, Hewitt P, et al. Mechanism of cisplatin proximal tubule toxicity revealed by integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and biokinetics. Toxicol in Vitro. 2015;30(1PtA):117–27.CrossRefPubMed Wilmes A, Bielow C, Ranninger C, Bellwon P, Aschauer L, Limonciel A, Chassaigne H, Kristl T, Aiche S, Huber CG, Guillou C, Hewitt P, et al. Mechanism of cisplatin proximal tubule toxicity revealed by integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and biokinetics. Toxicol in Vitro. 2015;30(1PtA):117–27.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Armstrong DK, Bundy B, Wenzel L, Huang HQ, Baergen R, Lele S, Copeland LJ, Walker JL, Burger RA, Gynecologic Oncology G. Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(1):34–43.CrossRefPubMed Armstrong DK, Bundy B, Wenzel L, Huang HQ, Baergen R, Lele S, Copeland LJ, Walker JL, Burger RA, Gynecologic Oncology G. Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(1):34–43.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Galluzzi L, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Michels J, Martins I, Kepp O, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. Oncogene. 2012;31(15):1869–83.CrossRefPubMed Galluzzi L, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Michels J, Martins I, Kepp O, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. Oncogene. 2012;31(15):1869–83.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Shamseddine AI, Farhat FS. Platinum-based compounds for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Chemotherapy. 2011;57(6):468–87.CrossRefPubMed Shamseddine AI, Farhat FS. Platinum-based compounds for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Chemotherapy. 2011;57(6):468–87.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Cohen SM, Lippard SJ. Cisplatin: from DNA damage to cancer chemotherapy. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2001;67:93–130.CrossRefPubMed Cohen SM, Lippard SJ. Cisplatin: from DNA damage to cancer chemotherapy. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2001;67:93–130.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Jamieson ER, Lippard SJ. Structure, recognition, and processing of Cisplatin-DNA adducts. Chem Rev. 1999;99(9):2467–98.CrossRefPubMed Jamieson ER, Lippard SJ. Structure, recognition, and processing of Cisplatin-DNA adducts. Chem Rev. 1999;99(9):2467–98.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Flores-Perez A, Rafaelli LE, Ramirez-Torres N, Arechaga-Ocampo E, Frias S, Sanchez S, Marchat LA, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Quintanar-Jurado V, Rodriguez-Cuevas S, Bautista-Pina V, Carlos-Reyes A, et al. RAD50 targeting impairs DNA damage response and sensitizes human breast cancer cells to cisplatin therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014;15(6):777–88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Flores-Perez A, Rafaelli LE, Ramirez-Torres N, Arechaga-Ocampo E, Frias S, Sanchez S, Marchat LA, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Quintanar-Jurado V, Rodriguez-Cuevas S, Bautista-Pina V, Carlos-Reyes A, et al. RAD50 targeting impairs DNA damage response and sensitizes human breast cancer cells to cisplatin therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014;15(6):777–88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Seoane S, Arias E, Sigueiro R, Sendon-Lago J, Martinez-Ordonez A, Castelao E, Eiro N, Garcia-Caballero T, Macia M, Lopez-Lopez R, Maestro M, Vizoso F, et al. Pit-1 inhibits BRCA1 and sensitizes human breast tumors to cisplatin and vitamin D treatment. Oncotarget. 2015;6(16):14456–71.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Seoane S, Arias E, Sigueiro R, Sendon-Lago J, Martinez-Ordonez A, Castelao E, Eiro N, Garcia-Caballero T, Macia M, Lopez-Lopez R, Maestro M, Vizoso F, et al. Pit-1 inhibits BRCA1 and sensitizes human breast tumors to cisplatin and vitamin D treatment. Oncotarget. 2015;6(16):14456–71.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Amable L. Cisplatin resistance and opportunities for precision medicine. Pharmacol Res. 2016;106:27–36.CrossRefPubMed Amable L. Cisplatin resistance and opportunities for precision medicine. Pharmacol Res. 2016;106:27–36.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Wang Z, Zhang X, Shen P, Loggie BW, Chang Y, Deuel TF. Identification, cloning, and expression of human estrogen receptor-alpha36, a novel variant of human estrogen receptor-alpha66. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;336(4):1023–7.CrossRefPubMed Wang Z, Zhang X, Shen P, Loggie BW, Chang Y, Deuel TF. Identification, cloning, and expression of human estrogen receptor-alpha36, a novel variant of human estrogen receptor-alpha66. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;336(4):1023–7.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Wang ZY, Yin L. Estrogen receptor alpha-36 (ER-alpha36): a new player in human breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418(Pt 3):193–206.CrossRefPubMed Wang ZY, Yin L. Estrogen receptor alpha-36 (ER-alpha36): a new player in human breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418(Pt 3):193–206.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Rao J, Jiang X, Wang Y, Chen B. Advances in the understanding of the structure and function of ER-alpha36,a novel variant of human estrogen receptor-alpha. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;127(3–5):231–7.CrossRefPubMed Rao J, Jiang X, Wang Y, Chen B. Advances in the understanding of the structure and function of ER-alpha36,a novel variant of human estrogen receptor-alpha. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;127(3–5):231–7.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Shi L, Dong B, Li Z, Lu Y, Ouyang T, Li J, Wang T, Fan Z, Fan T, Lin B, Wang Z, Xie Y. Expression of ER-{alpha}36, a novel variant of estrogen receptor {alpha}, and resistance to tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(21):3423–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shi L, Dong B, Li Z, Lu Y, Ouyang T, Li J, Wang T, Fan Z, Fan T, Lin B, Wang Z, Xie Y. Expression of ER-{alpha}36, a novel variant of estrogen receptor {alpha}, and resistance to tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(21):3423–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Zhang X, Wang ZY. Estrogen receptor-alpha variant, ER-alpha36, is involved in tamoxifen resistance and estrogen hypersensitivity. Endocrinology. 2013;154(6):1990–8.CrossRefPubMed Zhang X, Wang ZY. Estrogen receptor-alpha variant, ER-alpha36, is involved in tamoxifen resistance and estrogen hypersensitivity. Endocrinology. 2013;154(6):1990–8.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Gu W, Dong N, Wang P, Shi C, Yang J, Wang J. Tamoxifen resistance and metastasis of human breast cancer cells were mediated by the membrane-associated estrogen receptor ER-alpha36 signaling in vitro. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2017;33(2):183–95.CrossRefPubMed Gu W, Dong N, Wang P, Shi C, Yang J, Wang J. Tamoxifen resistance and metastasis of human breast cancer cells were mediated by the membrane-associated estrogen receptor ER-alpha36 signaling in vitro. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2017;33(2):183–95.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Lin SL, Yan LY, Zhang XT, Yuan J, Li M, Qiao J, Wang ZY, Sun QY. ER-alpha36, a variant of ER-alpha, promotes tamoxifen agonist action in endometrial cancer cells via the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. PLoS One. 2010;5(2):e9013.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lin SL, Yan LY, Zhang XT, Yuan J, Li M, Qiao J, Wang ZY, Sun QY. ER-alpha36, a variant of ER-alpha, promotes tamoxifen agonist action in endometrial cancer cells via the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. PLoS One. 2010;5(2):e9013.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Yin L, Pan X, Zhang XT, Guo YM, Wang ZY, Gong Y, Wang M. Downregulation of ER-alpha36 expression sensitizes HER2 overexpressing breast Cancer Cells to tamoxifen. Am J Cancer Res. 2015;5(2):530–44.PubMedPubMedCentral Yin L, Pan X, Zhang XT, Guo YM, Wang ZY, Gong Y, Wang M. Downregulation of ER-alpha36 expression sensitizes HER2 overexpressing breast Cancer Cells to tamoxifen. Am J Cancer Res. 2015;5(2):530–44.PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
go back to reference Yin L, Zhang XT, Bian XW, Guo YM, Wang ZY. Disruption of the ER-alpha36-EGFR/HER2 positive regulatory loops restores tamoxifen sensitivity in tamoxifen resistance breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107369.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yin L, Zhang XT, Bian XW, Guo YM, Wang ZY. Disruption of the ER-alpha36-EGFR/HER2 positive regulatory loops restores tamoxifen sensitivity in tamoxifen resistance breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107369.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Zhang XT, Kang LG, Ding L, Vranic S, Gatalica Z, Wang ZY. A positive feedback loop of ER-alpha36/EGFR promotes malignant growth of ER-negative breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2011;30(7):770–80.CrossRefPubMed Zhang XT, Kang LG, Ding L, Vranic S, Gatalica Z, Wang ZY. A positive feedback loop of ER-alpha36/EGFR promotes malignant growth of ER-negative breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2011;30(7):770–80.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Kang L, Guo Y, Zhang X, Meng J, Wang ZY. A positive cross-regulation of HER2 and ER-alpha36 controls ALDH1 positive breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;127(3–5):262–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kang L, Guo Y, Zhang X, Meng J, Wang ZY. A positive cross-regulation of HER2 and ER-alpha36 controls ALDH1 positive breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;127(3–5):262–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
go back to reference Wang Z, Zhang X, Shen P, Loggie BW, Chang Y, Deuel TF. A variant of estrogen receptor-{alpha}, hER-{alpha}36: transduction of estrogen- and antiestrogen-dependent membrane-initiated mitogenic signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(24):9063–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wang Z, Zhang X, Shen P, Loggie BW, Chang Y, Deuel TF. A variant of estrogen receptor-{alpha}, hER-{alpha}36: transduction of estrogen- and antiestrogen-dependent membrane-initiated mitogenic signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(24):9063–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference Chen B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Rao J, Jiang X, Xu Z. Curcumin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells through Nrf2-mediated down-regulation of Fen1 expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;143:11–8.CrossRefPubMed Chen B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Rao J, Jiang X, Xu Z. Curcumin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells through Nrf2-mediated down-regulation of Fen1 expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;143:11–8.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Xu BZ, Lin SL, Li M, Zhu JQ, Li S, Ouyang YC, Chen DY, Sun QY. Changes in estrogen receptor-alpha variant (ER-alpha36) expression during mouse ovary development and oocyte meiotic maturation. Histochem Cell Biol. 2009;131(3):347–54.CrossRefPubMed Xu BZ, Lin SL, Li M, Zhu JQ, Li S, Ouyang YC, Chen DY, Sun QY. Changes in estrogen receptor-alpha variant (ER-alpha36) expression during mouse ovary development and oocyte meiotic maturation. Histochem Cell Biol. 2009;131(3):347–54.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Xie H, Sun M, Liao XB, Yuan LQ, Sheng ZF, Meng JC, Wang D, Yu ZY, Zhang LY, Zhou HD, Luo XH, Li H, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha36 mediates a bone-sparing effect of 17beta-estrodiol in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(1):156–68.CrossRefPubMed Xie H, Sun M, Liao XB, Yuan LQ, Sheng ZF, Meng JC, Wang D, Yu ZY, Zhang LY, Zhou HD, Luo XH, Li H, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha36 mediates a bone-sparing effect of 17beta-estrodiol in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(1):156–68.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Su X, Xu X, Li G, Lin B, Cao J, Teng L. ER-alpha36: a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 2014;7:1525–33.PubMedPubMedCentral Su X, Xu X, Li G, Lin B, Cao J, Teng L. ER-alpha36: a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 2014;7:1525–33.PubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Zhang J, Li G, Li Z, Yu X, Zheng Y, Jin K, Wang H, Gong Y, Sun X, Teng X, Cao J, Teng L. Estrogen-independent effects of ER-alpha36 in ER-negative breast cancer. Steroids. 2012;77(6):666–73.CrossRefPubMed Zhang J, Li G, Li Z, Yu X, Zheng Y, Jin K, Wang H, Gong Y, Sun X, Teng X, Cao J, Teng L. Estrogen-independent effects of ER-alpha36 in ER-negative breast cancer. Steroids. 2012;77(6):666–73.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Deng H, Zhang XT, Wang ML, Zheng HY, Liu LJ, Wang ZY. ER-alpha36-mediated rapid estrogen signaling positively regulates ER-positive breast cancer stem/progenitor cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88034.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Deng H, Zhang XT, Wang ML, Zheng HY, Liu LJ, Wang ZY. ER-alpha36-mediated rapid estrogen signaling positively regulates ER-positive breast cancer stem/progenitor cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88034.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Muller CB, De Bastiani MA, Becker M, Franca FS, Branco MA, Castro MA, Klamt F. Potential crosstalk between cofilin-1 and EGFR pathways in cisplatin resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2015;6(6):3531–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Muller CB, De Bastiani MA, Becker M, Franca FS, Branco MA, Castro MA, Klamt F. Potential crosstalk between cofilin-1 and EGFR pathways in cisplatin resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2015;6(6):3531–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
go back to reference Pietras RJ, Fendly BM, Chazin VR, Pegram MD, Howell SB, Slamon DJ. Antibody to HER-2/neu receptor blocks DNA repair after cisplatin in human breast and ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene. 1994;9(7):1829–38.PubMed Pietras RJ, Fendly BM, Chazin VR, Pegram MD, Howell SB, Slamon DJ. Antibody to HER-2/neu receptor blocks DNA repair after cisplatin in human breast and ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene. 1994;9(7):1829–38.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Citri A, Yarden Y. EGF-ERBB signalling: towards the systems level. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006;7(7):505–16.CrossRefPubMed Citri A, Yarden Y. EGF-ERBB signalling: towards the systems level. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006;7(7):505–16.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Persons DL, Yazlovitskaya EM, Pelling JC. Effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase on p53 accumulation in response to cisplatin. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(46):35778–85.CrossRefPubMed Persons DL, Yazlovitskaya EM, Pelling JC. Effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase on p53 accumulation in response to cisplatin. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(46):35778–85.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Yeh PY, Chuang SE, Yeh KH, Song YC, Ea CK, Cheng AL. Increase of the resistance of human cervical carcinoma cells to cisplatin by inhibition of the MEK to ERK signaling pathway partly via enhancement of anticancer drug-induced NF kappa B activation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002;63(8):1423–30.CrossRefPubMed Yeh PY, Chuang SE, Yeh KH, Song YC, Ea CK, Cheng AL. Increase of the resistance of human cervical carcinoma cells to cisplatin by inhibition of the MEK to ERK signaling pathway partly via enhancement of anticancer drug-induced NF kappa B activation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002;63(8):1423–30.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Wong SW, Tiong KH, Kong WY, Yue YC, Chua CH, Lim JY, Lee CY, Quah SI, Fow C, Chung C, So I, Tan BS, et al. Rapamycin synergizes cisplatin sensitivity in basal-like breast cancer cells through up-regulation of p73. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;128(2):301–13.CrossRefPubMed Wong SW, Tiong KH, Kong WY, Yue YC, Chua CH, Lim JY, Lee CY, Quah SI, Fow C, Chung C, So I, Tan BS, et al. Rapamycin synergizes cisplatin sensitivity in basal-like breast cancer cells through up-regulation of p73. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;128(2):301–13.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Eckstein N, Servan K, Girard L, Cai D, von Jonquieres G, Jaehde U, Kassack MU, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, Royer HD. Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway analysis identifies amphiregulin as a key factor for cisplatin resistance of human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(2):739–50.CrossRefPubMed Eckstein N, Servan K, Girard L, Cai D, von Jonquieres G, Jaehde U, Kassack MU, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, Royer HD. Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway analysis identifies amphiregulin as a key factor for cisplatin resistance of human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(2):739–50.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Pegram MD, Lipton A, Hayes DF, Weber BL, Baselga JM, Tripathy D, Baly D, Baughman SA, Twaddell T, Glaspy JA, Slamon DJ. Phase II study of receptor-enhanced chemosensitivity using recombinant humanized anti-p185HER2/neu monoclonal antibody plus cisplatin in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer refractory to chemotherapy treatment. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(8):2659–71.CrossRefPubMed Pegram MD, Lipton A, Hayes DF, Weber BL, Baselga JM, Tripathy D, Baly D, Baughman SA, Twaddell T, Glaspy JA, Slamon DJ. Phase II study of receptor-enhanced chemosensitivity using recombinant humanized anti-p185HER2/neu monoclonal antibody plus cisplatin in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer refractory to chemotherapy treatment. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(8):2659–71.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
ER-α36 mediates cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells through EGFR/HER-2/ERK signaling pathway
Authors
Linlin Zhu
Jiao Zou
Yuanyin Zhao
Xiaomei Jiang
Yang Wang
Xiangwei Wang
Bin Chen
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1756-9966
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-018-0798-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 1/2018 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine