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Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Melanoma | Review

Tumor neoantigens: from basic research to clinical applications

Authors: Tao Jiang, Tao Shi, Henghui Zhang, Jie Hu, Yuanlin Song, Jia Wei, Shengxiang Ren, Caicun Zhou

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Tumor neoantigen is the truly foreign protein and entirely absent from normal human organs/tissues. It could be specifically recognized by neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) in the context of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) molecules. Emerging evidence has suggested that neoantigens play a critical role in tumor-specific T cell-mediated antitumor immune response and successful cancer immunotherapies. From a theoretical perspective, neoantigen is an ideal immunotherapy target because they are distinguished from germline and could be recognized as non-self by the host immune system. Neoantigen-based therapeutic personalized vaccines and adoptive T cell transfer have shown promising preliminary results. Furthermore, recent studies suggested the significant role of neoantigen in immune escape, immunoediting, and sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advances of understanding and identification of tumor-specific neoantigens and its role on current cancer immunotherapies. We also discuss the ongoing development of strategies based on neoantigens and its future clinical applications.
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Metadata
Title
Tumor neoantigens: from basic research to clinical applications
Authors
Tao Jiang
Tao Shi
Henghui Zhang
Jie Hu
Yuanlin Song
Jia Wei
Shengxiang Ren
Caicun Zhou
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-019-0787-5

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