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Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Review

Abscopal effect of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Authors: Yang Liu, Yinping Dong, Li Kong, Fang Shi, Hui Zhu, Jinming Yu

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Radiotherapy (RT) is used routinely as a standard treatment for more than 50% of patients with malignant tumors. The abscopal effect induced by local RT, which is considered as a systemic anti-tumor immune response, reflects the regression of non-irradiated metastatic lesions at a distance from the primary site of irradiation. Since the application of immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors, can enhance the systemic anti-tumor response of RT, the combination of RT and immunotherapy has drawn extensive attention by oncologists and cancer researchers. Nevertheless, the exact underlying mechanism of the abscopal effect remains unclear. In general, we speculate that the immune mechanism of RT is responsible for, or at least associated with, this effect. In this review, we discuss the anti-tumor effect of RT and immune checkpoint blockade and discuss some published studies on the abscopal effect for this type of combination therapy. In addition, we also evaluate the most appropriate time window for the combination of RT and immune checkpoint blockade, as well as the optimal dose and fractionation of RT in the context of the combined treatment. Finally, the most significant purpose of this review is to identify the potential predictors of the abscopal effect to help identify the most appropriate patients who would most likely benefit from the combination treatment modality.
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Metadata
Title
Abscopal effect of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors
Yang Liu
Yinping Dong
Li Kong
Fang Shi
Hui Zhu
Jinming Yu
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-018-0647-8

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