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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
Published in: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research Article

Child Protection Service interference in childhood and the relation with mental health problems and delinquency in young adulthood: a latent class analysis study

Authors: Laura van Duin, Floor Bevaart, Carmen H. Paalman, Marie-Jolette A. Luijks, Josjan Zijlmans, Reshmi Marhe, Arjan A. J. Blokland, Theo A. H. Doreleijers, Arne Popma

Published in: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Most multi-problem young adults (18–27 years old) have been exposed to childhood maltreatment and/or have been involved in juvenile delinquency and, therefore, could have had Child Protection Service (CPS) interference during childhood. The extent to which their childhood problems persist and evolve into young adulthood may differ substantially among cases. This might indicate heterogeneous profiles of CPS risk factors. These profiles may identify combinations of closely interrelated childhood problems which may warrant specific approaches for problem recognition and intervention in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify distinct statistical classes based on CPS data of multi-problem young adults in The Netherlands and to explore whether these classes were related to current psychological dysfunctioning and delinquent behaviour.

Methods

Age at first CPS interference, numbers and types of investigations, age at first offence, mention of child maltreatment, and family supervision order measures (Dutch: ondertoezichtstelling; OTS) were extracted from the CPS records of 390 multi-problem young adult males aged 18–27 (mean age 21.7). A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted and one-way analyses of variance and post-hoc t-tests examined whether LCA class membership was related to current self-reported psychological dysfunctioning and delinquent behaviour.

Results

Four latent classes were identified: (1) late CPS/penal investigation group (44.9%), (2) early CPS/multiple investigation group (30.8%), (3) late CPS interference without investigation group (14.6%), and (4) early CPS/family investigation group (9.7%). The early CPS/family investigation group reported the highest mean anxiousness/depression and substance use scores in young adulthood. No differences were found between class membership and current delinquent behaviour.

Conclusions

This study extends the concept that distinct pathways are present in multi-problem young adults who underwent CPS interference in their youth. Insight into the distinct combinations of CPS risk factors in the identified subgroups may guide interventions to tailor their treatment to the specific needs of these children. Specifically, treatment of internalizing problems in children with an early onset of severe family problems and for which CPS interference is carried out should receive priority from both policy makers and clinical practice.
Footnotes
1
Registration number: 2013.422—NL46906.029.13.
 
2
Those who committed no offence in youth, have not (yet) experienced the onset of delinquency. Therefore, the category ‘no offence’ is mentioned in Table 4. For classes 1 and 2 this translates into all respondents in these classes having committed at least one offence.
 
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Metadata
Title
Child Protection Service interference in childhood and the relation with mental health problems and delinquency in young adulthood: a latent class analysis study
Authors
Laura van Duin
Floor Bevaart
Carmen H. Paalman
Marie-Jolette A. Luijks
Josjan Zijlmans
Reshmi Marhe
Arjan A. J. Blokland
Theo A. H. Doreleijers
Arne Popma
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1753-2000
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-017-0205-0

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