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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

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Open Access 01-12-2019 | Research article

Translation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Single Assessment and Numeric Evaluation Method (SANEM) in shoulder patients

Authors: Dieuwertje M. J. Theeuwen, Maria C. van der Steen, Inge F. M. Bonneux, Anouk M. E. Giesberts, Henk W. J. Koot, Max Reijman

Published in: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Background

The Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation Method (SANEM) is a holistic patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that includes all aspects involving the shoulder. It is simple and easy to administer. It consists of only one question, namely how would you rate your shoulder today as a percentage of normal (0 to 100% with 100% being normal)? The purpose of this study was to translate the SANEM in Dutch and to assess its construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness.

Methods

The SANEM was translated into Dutch using forward and backward translation. Hypothesis testing was used to determine construct validity and responsiveness, 75% needed to be confirmed. Previous validated PROMs were used as comparator instrument for testing construct validity. Test-retest reliability (2-week interval), Standard Error of Measurement, and Smallest Detectable Change were calculated as reliability analyses. One year after baseline, we evaluated the responsiveness.

Results

One hundred seven patients (55% women) with a mean age of 54 years were included. Of the hypotheses formed in advance to assess construct validity, 67% was confirmed, meaning there was no adequate construct validity and the SANEM cannot replace all other PROMs. With an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95, excellent test-retest reliability was found. Of the hypotheses formed in advance to evaluate the responsiveness, 75% was confirmed, indicating the SANEM has good responsiveness.

Conclusion

Although the SANEM cannot replace all other PROMs, it is a reliable instrument to assess if a patients’ shoulder, regarding the whole shoulder, changes over time or stays unchanged.

Level of evidence

Level II

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Title: Translation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Single Assessment and Numeric Evaluation Method (SANEM) in shoulder patients
Authors: Dieuwertje M. J. Theeuwen
Maria C. van der Steen
Inge F. M. Bonneux
Anouk M. E. Giesberts
Henk W. J. Koot
Max Reijman
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1749-799X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-019-1335-2

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Translation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Single Assessment and Numeric Evaluation Method (SANEM) in shoulder patients

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Level of evidence

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Abstract

Background

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