Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Globalization and Health 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Zika Virus | Debate

Zika, abortion and health emergencies: a review of contemporary debates

Authors: Clare Wenham, Amaral Arevalo, Ernestina Coast, Sonia Corrêa, Katherine Cuellar, Tiziana Leone, Sandra Valongueiro

Published in: Globalization and Health | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The Zika outbreak provides pertinent case study for considering the impact of health emergencies on abortion decision-making and/or for positioning abortion in global health security debates.

Main body

This paper provides a baseline of contemporary debates taking place in the intersection of two key health policy areas, and seeks to understand how health emergency preparedness frameworks and the broader global health security infrastructure is prepared to respond to future crises which implicate sexual and reproductive rights. Our paper suggests there are three key themes that emerge from the literature; 1) the lack of consideration of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in outbreak response 2) structural inequalities permeate the landscape of health emergencies, epitomised by Zika, and 3) the need for rights based approaches to health.

Conclusion

Global health security planning and response should specifically include programmatic activity for SRH provision during health emergencies.
Footnotes
1
An unsafe abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by people lacking the necessary skills, or in an environment lacking minimal medical standards, or both.
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Corte Constitucional, Republica de Colombia, Sentencia C-355/06, (2006). Corte Constitucional, Republica de Colombia, Sentencia C-355/06, (2006).
2.
go back to reference La Asamblea Legislativa de La Republica de El Salvador. Codigo Penal (1983). La Asamblea Legislativa de La Republica de El Salvador. Codigo Penal (1983).
3.
go back to reference Governo Federal do Brasil Regulamento Técnico sobre substâncias e medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial, (1998). Governo Federal do Brasil Regulamento Técnico sobre substâncias e medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial, (1998).
4.
go back to reference Aiken ARA, Scott JG, Gomperts R, Trussell J, Worrell M, Aiken CE. Requests for abortion in Latin America related to concern about Zika virus exposure. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):396–8.CrossRef Aiken ARA, Scott JG, Gomperts R, Trussell J, Worrell M, Aiken CE. Requests for abortion in Latin America related to concern about Zika virus exposure. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):396–8.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Mayor S. Abortion requests increase in Latin America after Zika warning, figures show. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed). 2016;353:i3492–i. Mayor S. Abortion requests increase in Latin America after Zika warning, figures show. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed). 2016;353:i3492–i.
6.
go back to reference Enemark C. Disease and security: natural plagues and biological weapons in East Asia: Routledge; 2007. Enemark C. Disease and security: natural plagues and biological weapons in East Asia: Routledge; 2007.
7.
8.
go back to reference World Health Organization. International health regulations (2005). Geneva: WHO; 2005. World Health Organization. International health regulations (2005). Geneva: WHO; 2005.
9.
go back to reference Heymann DL, Hodgson A, Sall AA, Freedman DO, Staples JE, Althabe F, et al. Zika virus and microcephaly: why is this situation a PHEIC? Lancet. 2016;387(10020):719–21.CrossRef Heymann DL, Hodgson A, Sall AA, Freedman DO, Staples JE, Althabe F, et al. Zika virus and microcephaly: why is this situation a PHEIC? Lancet. 2016;387(10020):719–21.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference de Araújo TVB, RAA X, Miranda-Filho DB, et al. Association between microcephaly, Zika virus infection, and other risk factors in Brazil: final report of a case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(3):328–36.CrossRef de Araújo TVB, RAA X, Miranda-Filho DB, et al. Association between microcephaly, Zika virus infection, and other risk factors in Brazil: final report of a case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(3):328–36.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Rice ME, Galang RR, Fulton AC, VanMaldeghem K, Prado MV, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after maternal Zika virus infection during pregnancy-US territories, January 1, 2016-April 25, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(23):615–21.CrossRef Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Rice ME, Galang RR, Fulton AC, VanMaldeghem K, Prado MV, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after maternal Zika virus infection during pregnancy-US territories, January 1, 2016-April 25, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(23):615–21.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Hoen B, Schaub B, Funk AL, Ardillon V, Boullard M, Cabié A, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after ZIKV infection in French territories in the Americas. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(11):985–94.CrossRef Hoen B, Schaub B, Funk AL, Ardillon V, Boullard M, Cabié A, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after ZIKV infection in French territories in the Americas. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(11):985–94.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Honein MA. Recognizing the global impact of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(11):1055–6.CrossRef Honein MA. Recognizing the global impact of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(11):1055–6.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Brasil PPJJ, Moreira ME, et al. Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2321–34.CrossRef Brasil PPJJ, Moreira ME, et al. Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2321–34.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Yakob L, Walker T. Zika virus outbreak in the Americas: the need for novel mosquito control methods. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(3):e148–e9.CrossRef Yakob L, Walker T. Zika virus outbreak in the Americas: the need for novel mosquito control methods. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(3):e148–e9.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Coast E, Norris A, Moore A, Freeman E. Trajectories of women's abortion-related care: a conceptual framework. Soc Sci Med. 2018;200:199–210.CrossRef Coast E, Norris A, Moore A, Freeman E. Trajectories of women's abortion-related care: a conceptual framework. Soc Sci Med. 2018;200:199–210.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Governo Federal Do Brasil, Codigo Penal Brasil, Brazilian Penal Code (1988). Governo Federal Do Brasil, Codigo Penal Brasil, Brazilian Penal Code (1988).
20.
go back to reference Conselho Federal de Medecina, Dispõe Sobre o Diagnóstico de Anencefalia para a Antecipação Terapêutica do Parto e Dá Outras Providências, (2012). Conselho Federal de Medecina, Dispõe Sobre o Diagnóstico de Anencefalia para a Antecipação Terapêutica do Parto e Dá Outras Providências, (2012).
21.
go back to reference La Asamblea Legislativa de La Republica de El Salvador.. Codigo Penal. El Salvador 1997. La Asamblea Legislativa de La Republica de El Salvador.. Codigo Penal. El Salvador 1997.
23.
go back to reference Diniz D, Medeiros M, Madeiro A. Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto 2016. Ciência Saúde Coletiva. 2017;22(2):653–60.CrossRef Diniz D, Medeiros M, Madeiro A. Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto 2016. Ciência Saúde Coletiva. 2017;22(2):653–60.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Marteleto LJ, Weitzman A, Coutinho RZ, Valongueiro Alves S. Women's reproductive intentions and behaviors during the Zika epidemic in Brazil. Popul Dev Rev. 2017;43(2):199–227.CrossRef Marteleto LJ, Weitzman A, Coutinho RZ, Valongueiro Alves S. Women's reproductive intentions and behaviors during the Zika epidemic in Brazil. Popul Dev Rev. 2017;43(2):199–227.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Sedgh G, JB SS, Bankole A, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, et al. Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: global, regional, and subregional levels and trends. Lancet. 2016;39(10041):16–22. Sedgh G, JB SS, Bankole A, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, et al. Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: global, regional, and subregional levels and trends. Lancet. 2016;39(10041):16–22.
26.
go back to reference Ganatra B, CG CR, Johnson BR, Tunçalp Ö, Assifi A, et al. Global, regional, and subregional classification of abortions by safety, 2010–14: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet. 2017;390:2372–81.CrossRef Ganatra B, CG CR, Johnson BR, Tunçalp Ö, Assifi A, et al. Global, regional, and subregional classification of abortions by safety, 2010–14: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet. 2017;390:2372–81.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Say L, DC AG, Tunçalp Ö, Moller A-B, Daniels J, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(6):e323–e33.CrossRef Say L, DC AG, Tunçalp Ö, Moller A-B, Daniels J, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(6):e323–e33.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Goveno Federal do Brasil. Atenção humanizada ao abortamento. In: Saúde. Md, editor. 2016. Goveno Federal do Brasil. Atenção humanizada ao abortamento. In: Saúde. Md, editor. 2016.
29.
go back to reference Roa M. Zika virus outbreak: reproductive health and rights in Latin America. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lancet; 2016. p. 843-.CrossRef Roa M. Zika virus outbreak: reproductive health and rights in Latin America. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lancet; 2016. p. 843-.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Lyman M, Mpofu JJ, Soud F, Oduyebo T, Ellington S, Schlough GW, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with suspected Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone, 2014. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2018. Lyman M, Mpofu JJ, Soud F, Oduyebo T, Ellington S, Schlough GW, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with suspected Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone, 2014. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2018.
32.
go back to reference McGinn T, Casey SE. Why don’t humanitarian organizations provide safe abortion services? Confl Heal. 2016;10(1):8.CrossRef McGinn T, Casey SE. Why don’t humanitarian organizations provide safe abortion services? Confl Heal. 2016;10(1):8.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Barot S. The benefits of investing in international family planning and the price of slashing funding. Guttmacher Policy Rev. 2017;20:1–4. Barot S. The benefits of investing in international family planning and the price of slashing funding. Guttmacher Policy Rev. 2017;20:1–4.
34.
go back to reference Baena de Moraes Lopes MH, Gouveia Vilela MF, Marques D, Silva EM. Zika virus infection in Brazil and its repercussions on reproductive health. J Commun Healthc. 2018;11(1):62–8.CrossRef Baena de Moraes Lopes MH, Gouveia Vilela MF, Marques D, Silva EM. Zika virus infection in Brazil and its repercussions on reproductive health. J Commun Healthc. 2018;11(1):62–8.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Ali M, Miller K, Folz R, Johnson BR Jr, Kiarie J. Study protocol on establishment of sentinel sites network for contraceptive and abortion trends, needs and utilization of services in Zika virus affected countries. Reprod Health. 2017;14:1–6. Ali M, Miller K, Folz R, Johnson BR Jr, Kiarie J. Study protocol on establishment of sentinel sites network for contraceptive and abortion trends, needs and utilization of services in Zika virus affected countries. Reprod Health. 2017;14:1–6.
36.
go back to reference Ministerio de Salud, Colombia. Lineamientos para la gestión de los planes de contingencia para fiebre Zika y atención clínica en embarazadas con infección por ZIKV y pacientes con complicaciones neurológicas y recomendaciones especiales. Actualización de la circular 043 de 2015. Bogota, D.C., 2016. Ministerio de Salud, Colombia. Lineamientos para la gestión de los planes de contingencia para fiebre Zika y atención clínica en embarazadas con infección por ZIKV y pacientes con complicaciones neurológicas y recomendaciones especiales. Actualización de la circular 043 de 2015. Bogota, D.C., 2016.
37.
go back to reference Vélez ACG, Diniz SG. Inequality, Zika epidemics, and the lack of reproductive rights in Latin America. Reprod Health Matters. 2016;24(48):57–61.CrossRef Vélez ACG, Diniz SG. Inequality, Zika epidemics, and the lack of reproductive rights in Latin America. Reprod Health Matters. 2016;24(48):57–61.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Amarillo CR. Aegypti: Ideología de género, feminismo y extinción. Sex, salud soc (Rio J). 2017;(27):199–219. Amarillo CR. Aegypti: Ideología de género, feminismo y extinción. Sex, salud soc (Rio J). 2017;(27):199–219.
40.
go back to reference Diniz D, Medeiros M, Madeiro A. Brazilian women avoiding pregnancy during Zika epidemic. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2017;43(1):80.PubMed Diniz D, Medeiros M, Madeiro A. Brazilian women avoiding pregnancy during Zika epidemic. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2017;43(1):80.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Carabali M, Austin N, King NB, Kaufman JS. The Zika epidemic and abortion in Latin America: a scoping review. Glob Health Res Policy. 2018;3:15.CrossRef Carabali M, Austin N, King NB, Kaufman JS. The Zika epidemic and abortion in Latin America: a scoping review. Glob Health Res Policy. 2018;3:15.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Castro MCHQ, Carvalho LR, et al. Implications of Zika virus and congenital Zika syndrome for the number of live births in Brazil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(24):6177–82.CrossRef Castro MCHQ, Carvalho LR, et al. Implications of Zika virus and congenital Zika syndrome for the number of live births in Brazil. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(24):6177–82.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Baum P, Fiastro A, Kunselman S, Vega C, Ricardo C, Galli B, et al. Ensuring a rights-based health sector response to women affected by Zika. Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2016;32:5.CrossRef Baum P, Fiastro A, Kunselman S, Vega C, Ricardo C, Galli B, et al. Ensuring a rights-based health sector response to women affected by Zika. Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2016;32:5.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Ministerio de Salud, Colombia. Lineamientos provisionales para el aborfaje clinico de gestantes expuesta al virus zika en Colombia Bogota, D.C., 2016. Ministerio de Salud, Colombia. Lineamientos provisionales para el aborfaje clinico de gestantes expuesta al virus zika en Colombia Bogota, D.C., 2016.
45.
go back to reference Rasanathan JJK, MacCarthy S, Diniz D, Torreele E, Gruskin S. Engaging human rights in the response to the evolving Zika virus epidemic. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(4):525–31.CrossRef Rasanathan JJK, MacCarthy S, Diniz D, Torreele E, Gruskin S. Engaging human rights in the response to the evolving Zika virus epidemic. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(4):525–31.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Center for Reproductive Rights. Unheard voices: Womens' experiences with Zika: the global response. New York; 2018. Center for Reproductive Rights. Unheard voices: Womens' experiences with Zika: the global response. New York; 2018.
47.
go back to reference Anderson E. Gender, HIV and risk: navigating structural violence: Springer; 2015. Anderson E. Gender, HIV and risk: navigating structural violence: Springer; 2015.
48.
go back to reference Luna F. Public health agencies’ obligations and the case of Zika. Bioethics. 2017;31(8):575–81.CrossRef Luna F. Public health agencies’ obligations and the case of Zika. Bioethics. 2017;31(8):575–81.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Nunes J, Pimenta DN. A epidemia de Zika e os limites da saude global. Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política. 2016:21–46. Nunes J, Pimenta DN. A epidemia de Zika e os limites da saude global. Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política. 2016:21–46.
50.
go back to reference Lesser J, Kitron U. The social geography of Zika in Brazil: Brazil’s Zika epidemic has placed new and added pressure on Brazil’s public health system, but much about the outbreak is very old. NACLA Rep Am. 2016;48(2):123–9.CrossRef Lesser J, Kitron U. The social geography of Zika in Brazil: Brazil’s Zika epidemic has placed new and added pressure on Brazil’s public health system, but much about the outbreak is very old. NACLA Rep Am. 2016;48(2):123–9.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Johnson C. Pregnant woman versus mosquito: a feminist epidemiology of Zika virus. J Int Polit Theo. 2017;13(2):233–50.CrossRef Johnson C. Pregnant woman versus mosquito: a feminist epidemiology of Zika virus. J Int Polit Theo. 2017;13(2):233–50.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Dreweke J. Countering Zika globally and in the United States: Women’s right to self-determination must be central Guttmacher policy review, vol. 19; 2016. Dreweke J. Countering Zika globally and in the United States: Women’s right to self-determination must be central Guttmacher policy review, vol. 19; 2016.
53.
go back to reference Davies SE, Bennett B. A gendered human rights analysis of Ebola and Zika: locating gender in global health emergencies. Int Aff. 2016;92(5):1041–60.CrossRef Davies SE, Bennett B. A gendered human rights analysis of Ebola and Zika: locating gender in global health emergencies. Int Aff. 2016;92(5):1041–60.CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Jansen CC, Beebe NW. The dengue vector Aedes aegypti: what comes next. Microbes Infect. 2010;12(4):270–9.CrossRef Jansen CC, Beebe NW. The dengue vector Aedes aegypti: what comes next. Microbes Infect. 2010;12(4):270–9.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Reiter P. Control of urban Zika vectors: should we return to the successful PAHO/WHO strategy? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(6):e0004769.CrossRef Reiter P. Control of urban Zika vectors: should we return to the successful PAHO/WHO strategy? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(6):e0004769.CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Riggirozzi P. The campaign to eradicate Zika has trampled over women's rights. The independent. 2017 11th February 2017. Riggirozzi P. The campaign to eradicate Zika has trampled over women's rights. The independent. 2017 11th February 2017.
59.
go back to reference Souza WVAM, Vazquez E, et al. Microcephaly epidemic related to the Zika virus and living conditions in Recife, Northeast Brazil. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):130.CrossRef Souza WVAM, Vazquez E, et al. Microcephaly epidemic related to the Zika virus and living conditions in Recife, Northeast Brazil. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):130.CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Gostin LO, Friedman EA. A retrospective and prospective analysis of the west African Ebola virus disease epidemic: robust national health systems at the foundation and an empowered WHO at the apex. Lancet. 2015;385(9980):1902–9.CrossRef Gostin LO, Friedman EA. A retrospective and prospective analysis of the west African Ebola virus disease epidemic: robust national health systems at the foundation and an empowered WHO at the apex. Lancet. 2015;385(9980):1902–9.CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Shoman H, Karafillakis E, Rawaf S. The link between the west African Ebola outbreak and health systems in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone: a systematic review. Glob Health. 2017;13(1):1.CrossRef Shoman H, Karafillakis E, Rawaf S. The link between the west African Ebola outbreak and health systems in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone: a systematic review. Glob Health. 2017;13(1):1.CrossRef
62.
go back to reference Hennigan T. Brazil struggles to cope with Zika epidemic. BMJ. 2016;352(8047):i1226-i.CrossRef Hennigan T. Brazil struggles to cope with Zika epidemic. BMJ. 2016;352(8047):i1226-i.CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Rohr LK, Valongueiro STVBA. Delivery care and the inadequacy of the obstetric care network in Pernambuco. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2016;16(4):447–55.CrossRef Rohr LK, Valongueiro STVBA. Delivery care and the inadequacy of the obstetric care network in Pernambuco. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2016;16(4):447–55.CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Assunção MS Soares R, Serrano I. A Superlotação das Maternidades em Pernambuco no contexto atual da Política de Saúde. Serviço Social em Revista. 2014. Assunção MS Soares R, Serrano I. A Superlotação das Maternidades em Pernambuco no contexto atual da Política de Saúde. Serviço Social em Revista. 2014.
65.
go back to reference Araújo TVB. Delays in access to care for abortion-related complications: the experience of women in Northeast Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2018;34(6). Araújo TVB. Delays in access to care for abortion-related complications: the experience of women in Northeast Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2018;34(6).
66.
go back to reference Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Alkema L, Sedgh G. Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(4):e380–e9.CrossRef Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Alkema L, Sedgh G. Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(4):e380–e9.CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Harris LH, Silverman NS, Marshall MF. The paradigm of the paradox: women, pregnant women, and the unequal burdens of the Zika virus pandemic. Am J Bioeth. 2016;16(5):1–4.CrossRef Harris LH, Silverman NS, Marshall MF. The paradigm of the paradox: women, pregnant women, and the unequal burdens of the Zika virus pandemic. Am J Bioeth. 2016;16(5):1–4.CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Davies SE, Youde J. The IHR (2005), disease surveillance, and the individual in Global Health politics. Int J Hum Rights. 2013;17(1):133–51.CrossRef Davies SE, Youde J. The IHR (2005), disease surveillance, and the individual in Global Health politics. Int J Hum Rights. 2013;17(1):133–51.CrossRef
69.
go back to reference World Health Organization. Emergency Resposne framework. In: Humanitarian health action. Geneva: WHO; 2017. World Health Organization. Emergency Resposne framework. In: Humanitarian health action. Geneva: WHO; 2017.
70.
go back to reference de Campos TC. Zika, public health, and the distraction of abortion. Med Health Care Philos. 2017;20(3):443–6.CrossRef de Campos TC. Zika, public health, and the distraction of abortion. Med Health Care Philos. 2017;20(3):443–6.CrossRef
71.
go back to reference El Espectador. "Todas las embarazadas con zika tienen la opción de abortar”:. El Espectador 2016 21st January 2016. El Espectador. "Todas las embarazadas con zika tienen la opción de abortar”:. El Espectador 2016 21st January 2016.
72.
go back to reference Prata ARS, Pedroso D, Menezes G, Drezett J, Torres JHR, Bonfim JRA, et al. Juridical perspectives of interruption of pregnancy with zika virus infection regarding medical emotional and social consequences. J Hum Growth Dev. 2018;28(1):77–81.CrossRef Prata ARS, Pedroso D, Menezes G, Drezett J, Torres JHR, Bonfim JRA, et al. Juridical perspectives of interruption of pregnancy with zika virus infection regarding medical emotional and social consequences. J Hum Growth Dev. 2018;28(1):77–81.CrossRef
73.
go back to reference CoLatino G. El Zika y el embarazo y los derechos humanos: Diario CoLatino; 2016. CoLatino G. El Zika y el embarazo y los derechos humanos: Diario CoLatino; 2016.
74.
go back to reference Davies SE, Harman S, Manjoo R, Tanyag M, Wenham C. Why it must be a feminist global health agenda. Lancet. 2019;393(10171):601–3.CrossRef Davies SE, Harman S, Manjoo R, Tanyag M, Wenham C. Why it must be a feminist global health agenda. Lancet. 2019;393(10171):601–3.CrossRef
75.
go back to reference Supremo Tribunal Federal Defensores públicos questionam lei sobre combate a doenças transmitidas pelo Aedes aegypti, (2016). Supremo Tribunal Federal Defensores públicos questionam lei sobre combate a doenças transmitidas pelo Aedes aegypti, (2016).
76.
go back to reference Diniz D, Gumieri S, Bevilacqua BG, Cook RJ, Dickens BM. Zika virus infection in Brazil and human rights obligations. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2017;136(1):105–10.CrossRef Diniz D, Gumieri S, Bevilacqua BG, Cook RJ, Dickens BM. Zika virus infection in Brazil and human rights obligations. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2017;136(1):105–10.CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Galli B, Deslandes S. Threats of retrocession in sexual and reproductive health policies in Brazil during the Zika epidemic. Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2016;32(4):e00031116-e.CrossRef Galli B, Deslandes S. Threats of retrocession in sexual and reproductive health policies in Brazil during the Zika epidemic. Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2016;32(4):e00031116-e.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Zika, abortion and health emergencies: a review of contemporary debates
Authors
Clare Wenham
Amaral Arevalo
Ernestina Coast
Sonia Corrêa
Katherine Cuellar
Tiziana Leone
Sandra Valongueiro
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Zika Virus
Published in
Globalization and Health / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1744-8603
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0489-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Globalization and Health 1/2019 Go to the issue