Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Reproductive Health 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Study protocol

Study protocol: using a mobile phone-based application to increase awareness and uptake of sexual and reproductive health services among the youth in Uganda. A randomized controlled trial

Authors: Elly Nuwamanya, Afra Nuwasiima, Janet U. Babigumira, Francis T. Asiimwe, Solomon J. Lubinga, Joseph B. Babigumira

Published in: Reproductive Health | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Several cost-effective programs are being implemented around the world that use mobile technology to improve Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) uptake and awareness among youth. Mobile phone applications are a viable and effective means of increasing access to SRH services and tools in low and middle-income countries. This paper presents a protocol for a pilot study of a novel program, a mobile phone-based sexual and reproductive health services awareness and delivery application with the objective of increasing the demand for SRH services amongst the youth in Uganda.

Methods

The study employs rigorous evaluation methods to ascertain the impact of the mobile application. We propose a randomized control trial study to determine the causal effect of the mobile phone app in creating awareness and increasing uptake of sexual and reproductive health services in Uganda. The main outcome of the impact evaluation is the percentage change in the SRH services and tools uptake, SRH knowledge and sexual behavior. We will also conduct a model-based incremental cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and budget impact analysis (BIA). The main outcomes of the economic evaluation will be the average cost per app user, cost per app service and tool provided. We will also test the in-app advertising model as a way to generate revenue to sustain the program subsidies and related costs.

Discussion

The study seeks to establish the proof of concept of using a mobile application to increase create awareness and increase uptake of SRH tools and services among youth in Uganda. The study results will lead to the development of a demand-driven, culturally-relevant, and easy-to-use mobile app to enhance the uptake of SRH services among the youth in Uganda and globally.

Trial registration

MUREC1/​7 No.​ 07/​05–18. Registered 29th June 2018.
Literature
1.
go back to reference E. Asia and W Asia. Adolescent and Youth Demographics : a Brief Overview; 2010. p. 4–5. E. Asia and W Asia. Adolescent and Youth Demographics : a Brief Overview; 2010. p. 4–5.
2.
go back to reference Darroch JE, Woog V, Bankole A, Ashford LS. Costs and Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptives Needs of Adolescents. New York: New York Guttmacher Inst., no. May 2016; 2016. Darroch JE, Woog V, Bankole A, Ashford LS. Costs and Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptives Needs of Adolescents. New York: New York Guttmacher Inst., no. May 2016; 2016.
3.
go back to reference Oringanje C, Mm M, Eko H, Esu E, Meremikwu A, Je E. Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents ( Review ), vol. 2; 2016. p. 2009–11. Oringanje C, Mm M, Eko H, Esu E, Meremikwu A, Je E. Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents ( Review ), vol. 2; 2016. p. 2009–11.
4.
go back to reference WHO. Early marriages, adolescent and young pregnancies-report by the secretariat, Sixty-Fifth World Health Assembly; 2012. p. 16–9. WHO. Early marriages, adolescent and young pregnancies-report by the secretariat, Sixty-Fifth World Health Assembly; 2012. p. 16–9.
5.
go back to reference MacQuarrie KLD. Unmet need for family planning among young women: levels and trends. DHS comparative reports, vol. 34; 2014. p. 209. MacQuarrie KLD. Unmet need for family planning among young women: levels and trends. DHS comparative reports, vol. 34; 2014. p. 209.
6.
go back to reference Azmat SK, et al. Assessing predictors of contraceptive use and demand for family planning services in underserved areas of Punjab province in Pakistan: results of a cross-sectional baseline survey. Reprod Health. 2015;12(1):1–10.CrossRef Azmat SK, et al. Assessing predictors of contraceptive use and demand for family planning services in underserved areas of Punjab province in Pakistan: results of a cross-sectional baseline survey. Reprod Health. 2015;12(1):1–10.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Babigumira JB, et al. Potential cost-effectiveness of universal access to modern contraceptives in Uganda. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):1–9.CrossRef Babigumira JB, et al. Potential cost-effectiveness of universal access to modern contraceptives in Uganda. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):1–9.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda demographic and health survey; 2016. p. 7–71. Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda demographic and health survey; 2016. p. 7–71.
9.
go back to reference E. Råssjö, F. Kambugu, M. Tumwesigye, and E. Tenywa, “Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents in Kampala, Uganda , and theoretical models for improving syndromic management Testing Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United Acceptability Among Mexican Youth in Low and Middle,” vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 213–221, 2006. E. Råssjö, F. Kambugu, M. Tumwesigye, and E. Tenywa, “Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents in Kampala, Uganda , and theoretical models for improving syndromic management Testing Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United Acceptability Among Mexican Youth in Low and Middle,” vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 213–221, 2006.
10.
go back to reference AAU, DRT, and UNNGOF. Lost Opportunity ? Gaps in Youth Policy and Programming in Uganda; 2012. p. 1–72. AAU, DRT, and UNNGOF. Lost Opportunity ? Gaps in Youth Policy and Programming in Uganda; 2012. p. 1–72.
11.
go back to reference Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda, ICF International, CDC, USAID, and WHO, “Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey,” 2011. Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda, ICF International, CDC, USAID, and WHO, “Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey,” 2011.
12.
go back to reference Nuwasiima A, et al. Predictors of HIV prevention knowledge and sexual behaviors among students at Makerere University Kampala, Uganda. Epidemiol. Biostat. Public Heal. 2017;14(4):e12547–15. Nuwasiima A, et al. Predictors of HIV prevention knowledge and sexual behaviors among students at Makerere University Kampala, Uganda. Epidemiol. Biostat. Public Heal. 2017;14(4):e12547–15.
13.
go back to reference African Youth Alliance, “AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN Results of the AYA BASELINE SURVEY.” African Youth Alliance, “AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN Results of the AYA BASELINE SURVEY.”
14.
go back to reference Nuwasiima A, et al. Study protocol: incentives for increased access to comprehensive family planning for urban youth using a benefits card in Uganda. A quasi-experimental study. Reprod Health. 2017;14:1.CrossRef Nuwasiima A, et al. Study protocol: incentives for increased access to comprehensive family planning for urban youth using a benefits card in Uganda. A quasi-experimental study. Reprod Health. 2017;14:1.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Radovich E, et al. Who meets the contraceptive needs of young women in sub-Saharan Africa? J Adolesc Health. 2018;62(3):273–80.PubMedCrossRef Radovich E, et al. Who meets the contraceptive needs of young women in sub-Saharan Africa? J Adolesc Health. 2018;62(3):273–80.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kennedy EC, Bulu S, Harris J, Humphreys D, Malverus J, Gray NJ. ‘Be kind to young people so they feel at home’: a qualitative study of adolescents’ and service providers’ perceptions of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in Vanuatu. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(1):455.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kennedy EC, Bulu S, Harris J, Humphreys D, Malverus J, Gray NJ. ‘Be kind to young people so they feel at home’: a qualitative study of adolescents’ and service providers’ perceptions of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in Vanuatu. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(1):455.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Chandra-mouli V, Mccarraher DR, Phillips SJ, Williamson NE. Contraception for adolescents : social , clinical and service delivery considerations contraception for adolescents in low and middle income countries : needs , barriers , and access. Reprod Health. 2014;11(1):1–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chandra-mouli V, Mccarraher DR, Phillips SJ, Williamson NE. Contraception for adolescents : social , clinical and service delivery considerations contraception for adolescents in low and middle income countries : needs , barriers , and access. Reprod Health. 2014;11(1):1–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
go back to reference R. Poulton et al, “NIH Public Access,” vol. 360, no. 9346, pp. 1640–1645, 2013. R. Poulton et al, “NIH Public Access,” vol. 360, no. 9346, pp. 1640–1645, 2013.
19.
go back to reference Svanemyr J, Amin A, Robles OJ, Greene ME. Creating an enabling environment for adolescent sexual and reproductive health: a framework and promising approaches. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56(1):S7–S14.PubMedCrossRef Svanemyr J, Amin A, Robles OJ, Greene ME. Creating an enabling environment for adolescent sexual and reproductive health: a framework and promising approaches. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56(1):S7–S14.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Credit SC. Soul Buddyz - evaluation report; 2008. Credit SC. Soul Buddyz - evaluation report; 2008.
21.
go back to reference S. E. Adamchak et al., “The Straight Talk Campaign in Uganda : Impact of Mass Media Initiatives Horizons Program Straight Talk Foundation The Straight Talk Campaign in Uganda : Impact of Mass Media Initiatives Summary Report,”2007. CrossRef S. E. Adamchak et al., “The Straight Talk Campaign in Uganda : Impact of Mass Media Initiatives Horizons Program Straight Talk Foundation The Straight Talk Campaign in Uganda : Impact of Mass Media Initiatives Summary Report,”2007. CrossRef
22.
go back to reference R. Health, “InteragencyYouthWorkingGroup Mobile Technology for Health,” no. 38. R. Health, “InteragencyYouthWorkingGroup Mobile Technology for Health,” no. 38.
23.
go back to reference Mitchell KJ, Bull S, Kiwanuka J, Ybarra ML. Cell phone usage among adolescents in Uganda: acceptability for relaying health information. Health Educ Res. 2011;26(5):770–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mitchell KJ, Bull S, Kiwanuka J, Ybarra ML. Cell phone usage among adolescents in Uganda: acceptability for relaying health information. Health Educ Res. 2011;26(5):770–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Wainaina E. Uganda ’ s Internet Penetration at 37 . 4% of Population; 2016. Wainaina E. Uganda ’ s Internet Penetration at 37 . 4% of Population; 2016.
25.
go back to reference Whittaker R, et al. A multimedia mobile phone-based youth smoking cessation intervention: findings from content development and piloting studies. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(5):1–18.CrossRef Whittaker R, et al. A multimedia mobile phone-based youth smoking cessation intervention: findings from content development and piloting studies. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(5):1–18.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Whittaker R, et al. A theory-based video messaging mobile phone intervention for smoking cessation: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):1–20.CrossRef Whittaker R, et al. A theory-based video messaging mobile phone intervention for smoking cessation: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):1–20.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference A. Manandhar and R. Dhital, “Mobile phone App for Adolescents and Youth in Nepal.” A. Manandhar and R. Dhital, “Mobile phone App for Adolescents and Youth in Nepal.”
28.
go back to reference Jensen CD, Duncombe KM, Lott MA, Hunsaker SL, Duraccio KM, Woolford SJ. An evaluation of a smartphone–assisted behavioral weight control intervention for adolescents: pilot study. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2016;4(3):e102.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jensen CD, Duncombe KM, Lott MA, Hunsaker SL, Duraccio KM, Woolford SJ. An evaluation of a smartphone–assisted behavioral weight control intervention for adolescents: pilot study. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2016;4(3):e102.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
go back to reference de Tolly K, Skinner D, Nembaware V, Benjamin P. Investigation into the use of short message services to expand uptake of human immunodeficiency virus testing, and whether content and dosage have impact. Telemed e-Health. 2012;18(1):18–23.CrossRef de Tolly K, Skinner D, Nembaware V, Benjamin P. Investigation into the use of short message services to expand uptake of human immunodeficiency virus testing, and whether content and dosage have impact. Telemed e-Health. 2012;18(1):18–23.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Ippoliti NB, L’Engle K. Meet us on the phone: Mobile phone programs for adolescent sexual and reproductive health in low-to-middle income countries. Reprod Health. 2017;14(1):1–8.CrossRef Ippoliti NB, L’Engle K. Meet us on the phone: Mobile phone programs for adolescent sexual and reproductive health in low-to-middle income countries. Reprod Health. 2017;14(1):1–8.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Goode AD, Reeves MM, Eakin EG. Telephone-delivered interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change: An updated systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42(1):81–8.PubMedCrossRef Goode AD, Reeves MM, Eakin EG. Telephone-delivered interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change: An updated systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42(1):81–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference L’Engle KL, Vahdat HL, Ndakidemi E, Lasway C, Zan T. Evaluating feasibility, reach and potential impact of a text message family planning information service in Tanzania. Contraception. 2013;87(2):251–6.PubMedCrossRef L’Engle KL, Vahdat HL, Ndakidemi E, Lasway C, Zan T. Evaluating feasibility, reach and potential impact of a text message family planning information service in Tanzania. Contraception. 2013;87(2):251–6.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Patrick K, et al. A text message-based intervention for weight loss: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(1):1–16.CrossRef Patrick K, et al. A text message-based intervention for weight loss: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2009;11(1):1–16.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Pellegrini CA, et al. A smartphone-supported weight loss program: design of the ENGAGED randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):1.CrossRef Pellegrini CA, et al. A smartphone-supported weight loss program: design of the ENGAGED randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):1.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Vahdat HL, L’Engle KL, Plourde KF, Magaria L, Olawo A. There are some questions you may not ask in a clinic: providing contraception information to young people in Kenya using SMS. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2013;123(SUPPL.1):e2–6.CrossRef Vahdat HL, L’Engle KL, Plourde KF, Magaria L, Olawo A. There are some questions you may not ask in a clinic: providing contraception information to young people in Kenya using SMS. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2013;123(SUPPL.1):e2–6.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Salam RA, et al. Improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health: a systematic review of potential interventions. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(2):S11–28.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Salam RA, et al. Improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health: a systematic review of potential interventions. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(2):S11–28.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Cleland J. Illustrative questionnaire for interview - surveys with young people. Hum Reprod. 2001:3–56. Cleland J. Illustrative questionnaire for interview - surveys with young people. Hum Reprod. 2001:3–56.
Metadata
Title
Study protocol: using a mobile phone-based application to increase awareness and uptake of sexual and reproductive health services among the youth in Uganda. A randomized controlled trial
Authors
Elly Nuwamanya
Afra Nuwasiima
Janet U. Babigumira
Francis T. Asiimwe
Solomon J. Lubinga
Joseph B. Babigumira
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Reproductive Health / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1742-4755
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0642-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

Reproductive Health 1/2018 Go to the issue