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Journal of Neuroinflammation

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Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid route for monocyte-derived macrophages after stroke

Authors: Ruimin Ge, Daniel Tornero, Masao Hirota, Emanuela Monni, Cecilia Laterza, Olle Lindvall, Zaal Kokaia

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Background

Choroid plexus (CP) supports the entry of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to the central nervous system in animal models of traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. Whether the CP is involved in the recruitment of MDMs to the injured brain after ischemic stroke is unknown.

Methods

Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to focal cortical ischemia by permanent occlusion of the distal branch of the right middle cerebral artery. Choroid plexus tissues were collected and analyzed for Vcam1, Madcam1, Cx₃cl1, Ccl2, Nt5e, and Ifnγ expression at different timepoints after stroke using qPCR. Changes of MDMs in CP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 day and 3 days after stroke were analyzed using flow cytometry. Infiltration of MDMs into CP and CSF were validated using β-actin-GFP chimeric mice and Fgd5-CreERT2 x Lox-stop-lox-Tomato mice. CD115+ monocytes were isolated using a magnetic cell separation system from bone marrow of Cx₃cr1-GFP or wild-type C57BL/6 donor mice. The freshly isolated monocytes or M2-like MDMs primed in vitro with IL4 and IL13 were stereotaxically injected into the lateral ventricle of stroke-affected mice to trace for their migration into ischemic hemisphere or to assess their effect on post-stroke recovery using open field, corridor, and active avoidance behavioral tests.

Results

We found that CP responded to cortical stroke by upregulation of gene expression for several possible mediators of MDM trafficking and, concomitantly, MDMs increased in CP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We then confirmed that MDMs infiltrated from blood into CP and CSF after the insult using β-actin-GFP chimeric mice and Fgd5-CreERT2 x Lox-stop-lox-Tomato mice. When MDMs were directly administered into CSF following stroke, they homed to the ischemic hemisphere. If they had been primed in vitro prior to their administration to become M2-like macrophages, they promoted post-stroke recovery of motor and cognitive function without influencing infarct volume.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest the possibility that autologous transplantation of M2-like MDMs into CSF might be developed into a new strategy for promoting recovery also in patients with stroke.

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Title: Choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid route for monocyte-derived macrophages after stroke
Authors: Ruimin Ge
Daniel Tornero
Masao Hirota
Emanuela Monni
Cecilia Laterza
Olle Lindvall
Zaal Kokaia
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-017-0909-3

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid route for monocyte-derived macrophages after stroke

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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