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Open Access 01-12-2015 | Review

Function and mechanism of toll-like receptors in cerebral ischemic tolerance: from preconditioning to treatment

Authors: Peng-Fei Wang, Xiao-Yi Xiong, Jing Chen, Yan-Chun Wang, Wei Duan, Qing-Wu Yang

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The endogenous ligands released from ischemic neurons activate the TLR signaling pathway, resulting in the production of a large number of inflammatory cytokines, thereby causing secondary inflammation damage following cerebral ischemia. However, the preconditioning for minor cerebral ischemia or the preconditioning with TLR ligands can reduce cerebral ischemic injury by regulating the TLR signaling pathway following ischemia in brain tissue (mainly, the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the enhancement of the interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling), resulting in TLR ischemic tolerance. Additionally, recent studies found that postconditioning with TLR ligands after cerebral ischemia can also reduce ischemic damage through the regulation of the TLR signaling pathway, showing a significant therapeutic effect against cerebral ischemia. These studies suggest that the ischemic tolerance mediated by TLRs can serve as an important target for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia. On the basis of describing the function and mechanism of TLRs in mediating cerebral ischemic damage, this review focuses on the mechanisms of cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by the preconditioning and postconditioning of TLRs and discusses the clinical application of TLRs for ischemic tolerance.

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Title: Function and mechanism of toll-like receptors in cerebral ischemic tolerance: from preconditioning to treatment
Authors: Peng-Fei Wang
Xiao-Yi Xiong
Jing Chen
Yan-Chun Wang
Wei Duan
Qing-Wu Yang
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-015-0301-0

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Function and mechanism of toll-like receptors in cerebral ischemic tolerance: from preconditioning to treatment

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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