Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

ACC 2024 Congress

Catch up on all the top stories and latest evidence in cardiology research with our ACC 2024 Congress hub page.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Tobacco Induced Diseases
Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Immediate effects of cigar smoking on respiratory mechanics and exhaled biomarkers; differences between young smokers with mild asthma and otherwise healthy young smokers

Authors: Andreas S. Lappas, Efstathia M. Konstantinidi, Anna S. Tzortzi, Chara K. Tzavara, Panagiotis K. Behrakis

Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

We aimed to investigate the immediate respiratory effects of cigar smoking(CS), among young smokers with and without mild asthma.

Materials and methods

Forty-seven young smokers (18–31years old, 29 males, average pack-years = 3.6 ± 2.8) were enrolled. Twenty-two were mild asthmatics(MA-subgroup) and the remaining 25 were otherwise healthy smokers(HS-subgroup). Exhaled carbon monoxide(eCO), multi-frequency respiratory system impedance(Z), resistance(R), reactance(X), frequency-dependence of resistance(fdr = R5Hz - R20Hz), resonant frequency(fres), reactance area(AX) and exhaled nitric oxide(FENO) were measured at the aforementioned sequence, before and immediately after 30 min of CS, or equal session in the smoking area while using a sham cigar(control group). Chi-square, student’s t-tests, mixed linear models and Pearson correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis; level of significance was defined as p < 0.05.

Results

Immediately after CS, Z5Hz, R5Hz, R10Hz, R20Hz and eCO increased significantly in both subgroups(MA and HS). A greater increase was found for R20 in HS-subgroup. Fdr, fres and AX increased in MA, while decreased in HS. On the contrary, X10 decreased in MA and increased in HS, while X20 showed a greater decrease in MA. Changes in fdr, fres and AX were significantly correlated in both subgroups. No significant FENO alterations were detected in both subgroups.

Conclusion

CS has immediate effects on pulmonary function. Mild asthma predisposes to higher increase of peripheral resistance(increased fdr). In otherwise healthy smokers, central resistance(R20Hz) is more affected. FENO levels are not significantly affected by CS.
Footnotes
1
Brand of the cigar is not referred intentionally. Manufacturer’s description of the cigar: fermented, non-flavored tobacco, 70 % humidity at 26 °C (80 °F).
 
Literature
1.
Kougias M, Vardavas CI, Anagnostopoulos N, et al. The acute effect of cigarette smoking on the respiratory function and FENO production among young smokers. Exp Lung Res. 2013;39(8):359–64.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Vardavas CI, Anagnostopoulos N, Kougias M, et al. Short term pulmonary effects of using an e-cigarette. Impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance, and exhaled nitric oxide. Chest. 2012;141(6):1400–6.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Hakim F, Hellou E, Goldbart A, et al. The acute effects of water-pipe smoking on the cardiorespiratory system. Chest. 2011;139(4):775–81.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Bentur L, Hellou E, Goldbart A, et al. Laboratory and clinical acute effects of active and passive indoor group water-pipe (narghile) smoking. Chest. 2014;145(4):803–9.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Rodriguez J, Jiang R, Johnson CW, et al. The association of pipe and cigar use with cotinine levels, lung function, and airflow obstruction. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:201–10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Silverman RA, Boudreaux ED, Woodruff PG, et al. Cigarette smoking among asthmatic adults presenting to 64 emergency departments. Chest. 2003;123:1472–9.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Lange P, Parner J, Vestbo J, et al. A 15-year follow-up study of ventilatory function in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1194–200.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Althuis MD, Sexton M, Prybylski D. Cigarette smoking and asthma symptom severity among adult asthmatics. J Asthma. 1999;36:257–64.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Papaioannou AI, Koutsokera A, Tanou K, et al. The acute effect of smoking in healthy and asthmatic smokers. Eur J Clin Invest. 2010;40(2):103–9.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Baker F, Ainsworth SR, Dye JT, et al. Health risks associated with cigar smoking. JAMA. 2000;284:735–40.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students–United States, 2011 and 2012. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(45):893–7 [accessed 14 Nov 2013].
12.
National Health Interview Survey, Methodology Report. National Youth Tobacco Survey. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009.
13.
Johnston L, O’Malley PM, Backman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2010. Bethesda: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on drug Abuse; 2011.
14.
Amarananda S, Ballerio G, Basset JC et al. Tobacco Free Initative Meeting on Tobacco and Religion. Report No: WHO Report WHO/NCD/TFI/99.12. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1999.
15.
Al-Kubati M, Al-Kubati AS, al’Absi M, Fiser B. The shortterm effect of water-pipe smoking on the baroreflex control of heart rate in normotensives. Auton Neurosci. 2006;126–127:146–9.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Flouris AD, Metsios GS, Carrillo AE, et al. Acute and short-term effects of secondhand smoke on lung function and cytokine production. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(11):1029–33.CrossRefPubMed
17.
van der Vaart H, Postma DS, Timens W, ten Hacken NH. Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress: a review. Thorax. 2004;59(8):713–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, et al. ATS/ERS Task Force, Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319–38.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Oostveen E, MacLeod D, Lorino H, et al. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments, ERS Task Force. Eur Respir J. 2003;22:1026–104.CrossRefPubMed
20.
McCulloch CE, Neuhaus JM. Generalized, Linear and Mixed Models. London: John Wiley & Sons; 2001.
21.
22.
Goldman AL. Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in primary and secondary cigar and pipe smokers. Chest. 1977;72(1):33–5.CrossRefPubMed
23.
24.
25.
Black LD, Henderson AC, Atileh H, et al. Relating maximum airway dilation and subsequent reconstruction to reactivity in human lungs. J Appl Physiol. 1994;96:1808–14.CrossRef
26.
Salome CM, Thorpe CW, Diba C, et al. Airway re-narrowing following deep inspiration in asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J. 2003;22:62–8.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Blonshine S, Goldman MD. Optimizing performance of respiratory airflow resistance measurements. Chest. 2008;134(6):1304–9.CrossRef
28.
Kharitonov SA, Alving K, Barnes PJ. Exhaled and nasal nitric oxide measurements: recommendations. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:1683–93.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Vink GR, Arets HG, van der Laag J, et al. Impulse oscillometry: a measure for airway obstruction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003;35(3):214–9.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Klepeis NE, Apte MG, Gundel LA, et al. Determining Size-Specific Emission Factors for Environmental Tobacco Smoke Particles. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2003;37:780–90.CrossRef
31.
Churg A, Brauer M. Human lung parenchyma retains PM2.5. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155(6):2109–11.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Kim CS, Fisher DM, Lutz DJ, et al. Particle deposition in bifurcating airway models with varying airway geometry. J Aerosol Sci. 1994;25(3):567–81.CrossRef
33.
Grimby G, Takishima T, Graham W, et al. Frequency dependence of flow resistance in patients with obstructive lung disease. J Clin Invest. 1968;47:1455–65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Goldman M, Saadeh C, Ross D. Clinical applications of forced oscillation to assess peripheral airway function. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005;148:179–94.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Skloot G, Goldman M, Fischler D, et al. Respiratory symptoms and physiologic assessment of ironworkers at the World Trade Center disaster site. Chest. 2004;125:1248–55.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Di Mango AMGT, Lopes AJ, et al. Changes in respiratory mechanics with increasing degrees of airway obstruction in COPD: Detection by forced oscillation technique. Respir Med. 2006;100:399–410.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Kolsum U, Borrill Z, Roy K, et al. Impulse oscillometry in COPD: Identification of measurements related to airway obstruction, airway conductance and lung volumes. Respir Med. 2009;103:136–43.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Crim C, Celli B, Edwards LD, et al. Respiratory system impedance with impulse oscillometry in healthy and COPD subjects: ECLIPSE baseline results. Respir Med. 2011;105:1069–78.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Thorpe CW, Bates JH. Effect of stochastic heterogeneity on lung impedance during acute bronchoconstriction: a model analysis. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82(5):1616–25.PubMed
40.
Lutchen KR, Greenstein JL, Suki B. How inhomogeneities and airway walls affect frequency dependence and separation of airway and tissue properties. J Appl Physiol. 1996;80:1696–707.PubMed
41.
Kharitonov SA, Robbins RA, Yates D, et al. Acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking on exhaled nitric oxide. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):609–12.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Vardavas CI, Anagnostopoulos N, Kougias M, et al. Acute pulmonary effects of sidestream secondhand smoke at simulated car concentrations. Xenobiotica. 2013;43(6):509–13.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Hoyt JC, Robbins RA, Habib M, et al. Cigarette smoke decreases inducible nitric oxide synthase in lung epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res. 2003;29:17–28.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: Interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:602–15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Metadata
Title
Immediate effects of cigar smoking on respiratory mechanics and exhaled biomarkers; differences between young smokers with mild asthma and otherwise healthy young smokers
Authors
Andreas S. Lappas
Efstathia M. Konstantinidi
Anna S. Tzortzi
Chara K. Tzavara
Panagiotis K. Behrakis
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Tobacco Induced Diseases / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1617-9625
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-016-0095-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Tobacco Induced Diseases 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research

Chemical constituents of tobacco smoke induce the production of interleukin-8 in human bronchial epithelium, 16HBE cells

Research

Outcome of a four-hour smoking cessation counselling workshop for medical students

Research

Non-responders in a quitline evaluation are more likely to be smokers – a drop-out and long-term follow-up study of the Swedish National Tobacco Quitline

Research

Relationship between salivary stress biomarker levels and cigarette smoking in healthy young adults: an exploratory analysis

Research

A neglected opportunity for China’s tobacco control? Shift in smoking behavior during and after wives’ pregnancy

Research

Exposure to active and passive smoking among Greek pregnant women

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Cardiology Video

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Watch now

Watch official videos from the ACC congress summarizing key highlights from the last year in heart failure, cardiomyopathies, valvular disease, pulmonary vascular disease, and pediatric cardiology.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits