Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Tobacco Induced Diseases
Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Effects of smoking cessation on serum leptin and adiponectin levels

Authors: Maria Kryfti, Katerina Dimakou, Michail Toumbis, Zoe Daniil, Chryssi Hatzoglou, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis

Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Evidence on the association of leptin and adiponectin and smoking is limited and discordant. Leptin and adiponectin represent the most abundant adipokines in human plasma that play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Leptin up-regulates the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and is increased upon weight gain. Adiponectin has been shown to possess insulin sensitizing, anti -inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties and is increased upon weight reduction. Our aim was to assess the effects of smoking cessation on serum leptin and adiponectin levels.

Methods

We assessed the changes in serum leptin and adiponectin levels, serum CRP levels and BMI in apparently healthy smokers after 3 and 6 months of abstinence from smoking. Successful cessation was confirmed by an exhaled carbon monoxide measurement. 26 healthy non-smokers were recruited as controls.

Results

Among the sample group, 32 subjects had quitted smoking at 3 months and 29 subjects at 6 months. Samples’ leptin increased significantly from baseline to three months (mean change 3.76 ng/ml [95 % CI 0.89, 6.64], p =0.012) and then decreased significantly from three to six months of smoking cessation (mean change -4,29 ng/ml [95 % CI −7.34, −6.64], p = 0.008). Samples’ adiponectin increased significantly from baseline to three months of abstinence from smoking (mean change 2.34 [95 % CI −0.05, 4.73], p −0.05). BMI was significantly increased (mean change 2.03 kg/m2 [95 % CI 1.60, 2.46], p <0.05), while CRP decreased significantly from baseline to 6 months of smoking cessation (mean change −0.68 mg/dl [95 % CI −1.06, −0.30], p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Smoking quitters’ leptin levels appear to increase 3 months after smoking cessation and then decrease from 3 to 6 months of abstinence from smoking. Adiponectin levels increase during the first trimester of smoking cessation. The decrease in CRP levels indicates that the low grade inflammation observed in smokers is gradually restored. The alterations of serum leptin and adiponectin after 6 months of smoking cessation suggest the same but do not reach statistically significant levels. Weight gain and changes in fat distribution may attenuate the beneficial effects of smoking cessation.
Literature
1.
Ishizaka N, Ishizaka Y, Toda E, Hashimoto H, Nagai R, Yamakado M. Association between cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome, and carotid arteriosclerosis in Japanese individuals. Atherosclerosis. 2005;181(2):381–8.
2.
Miyatake N, Wada J, Kawasaki Y, Nishii K, Makino H, Numata T. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and cigarette smoking in the Japanese population. Intern Med. 2006;45(18):1039–43.
3.
Nakanishi N, Takatorige T, Suzuki K. Cigarette smoking and the risk of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Japanese male office workers. Ind Health. 2005;43(2):295–301.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Chelland Campbell S, Moffatt RJ, Stamford BA. Smoking and smoking cessation -- the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review. Atherosclerosis. 2008;201(2):225–35.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Facchini FS, Hollenbeck CB, Jeppesen J, Chen YD, Reaven GM. Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking. Lancet. 1992;339(8802):1128–30.
6.
Campisi R, Czernin J, Schoder H, Sayre JW, Marengo FD, Phelps ME, et al. Effects of long-term smoking on myocardial blood flow, coronary vasomotion, and vasodilator capacity. Circulation. 1998;98(2):119–25.
7.
Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature. 1994;372(6505):425–32.
8.
Meier U, Gressner AM. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism: review of pathobiochemical and clinical chemical aspects of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and resistin. Clin Chem. 2004;50(9):1511–25.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Saladin R, De Vos P, Guerre-Millo M, Leturque A, Girard J, Staels B, et al. Transient increase in obese gene expression after food intake or insulin administration. Nature. 1995;377(6549):527–9.
10.
Fantuzzi G, Faggioni R. Leptin in the regulation of immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;68(4):437–46.PubMed
11.
Lihn AS, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Adiponectin: action, regulation and association to insulin sensitivity. Obes Rev. 2005;6(1):13–21.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Beltowski J, Jamroz-Wisniewska A, Widomska S. Adiponectin and its role in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2008;8(1):7–46.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Yang WS, Lee WJ, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Matsuzawa Y, Chao CL, et al. Weight reduction increases plasma levels of an adipose-derived anti-inflammatory protein, adiponectin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(8):3815–9.
14.
Dullaart RP, de Vries R, Sluiter WJ, Voorbij HA. High plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) is related to low paraoxonase-I (PON-I) activity independently of high leptin and low adiponectin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009;70(2):221–6.
15.
Shetty GK, Economides PA, Horton ES, Mantzoros CS, Veves A. Circulating adiponectin and resistin levels in relation to metabolic factors, inflammatory markers, and vascular reactivity in diabetic patients and subjects at risk for diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2450–7.
16.
Ble A, Windham BG, Bandinelli S, Taub DD, Volpato S, Bartali B, et al. Relation of plasma leptin to C-reactive protein in older adults (from the Invecchiare nel Chianti study). Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(7):991–5.
17.
Eliasson B, Smith U. Leptin levels in smokers and long-term users of nicotine gum. Eur J Clin Invest. 1999;29(2):145–52.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Perkins KA, Fonte C. Effects of smoking status and smoking cessation on leptin levels. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002;4(4):459–66.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Nicklas BJ, Tomoyasu N, Muir J, Goldberg AP. Effects of cigarette smoking and its cessation on body weight and plasma leptin levels. Metabolism. 1999;48(6):804–8.
20.
Otsuka F, Kojima S, Maruyoshi H, Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kaikita K, et al. Smoking cessation is associated with increased plasma adiponectin levels in men. J Cardiol. 2009;53(2):219–25.
21.
Efstathiou SP, Skeva, II, Dimas C, Panagiotou A, Parisi K, Tzanoumis L, et al. Smoking cessation increases serum adiponectin levels in an apparently healthy Greek population. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205(2):632–6.
22.
Gonseth S, Locatelli I, Bize R, Nussle S, Clair C, Pralong F, et al. Leptin and smoking cessation: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial assessing physical activity as an aid for smoking cessation. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:911.
23.
24.
Takabatake N, Nakamura H, Minamihaba O, Inage M, Inoue S, Kagaya S, et al. A novel pathophysiologic phenomenon in cachexic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the relationship between the circadian rhythm of circulating leptin and the very low-frequency component of heart rate variability. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(6):1314–9.
25.
La Cava A, Alviggi C, Matarese G. Unraveling the multiple roles of leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. J Mol Med (Berl). 2004;82(1):4–11.CrossRef
26.
Popa C, Netea MG, Radstake TR, van Riel PL, Barrera P, van der Meer JW. Markers of inflammation are negatively correlated with serum leptin in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(8):1195–8.
27.
Bruno A, Pace E, Chanez P, Gras D, Vachier I, Chiappara G, et al. Leptin and leptin receptor expression in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(2):230-7, 237 e1-4.
28.
Spranger J, Kroke A, Mohlig M, Bergmann MM, Ristow M, Boeing H, et al. Adiponectin and protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 2003;361(9353):226–8.
29.
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991;86(9):1119–27.
30.
SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification. Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002;4(2):149–59.CrossRef
31.
Bruno A, Alessi M, Soresi S, Bonanno A, Riccobono L, Montalbano AM, et al. Increased leptin/leptin receptor pathway affects systemic and airway inflammation in COPD former smokers. J Inflamm Res. 2011;4:51–9.
32.
Kotani K, Hazama A, Hagimoto A, Saika K, Shigeta M, Katanoda K, et al. Adiponectin and smoking status: a systematic review. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012;19(9):787–94.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Sztalryd C, Hamilton J, Horwitz BA, Johnson P, Kraemer FB. Alterations of lipolysis and lipoprotein lipase in chronically nicotine-treated rats. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(2 Pt 1):E215–23.
34.
Hellerstein MK, Benowitz NL, Neese RA, Schwartz JM, Hoh R, Jacob P, 3rd, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking and its cessation on lipid metabolism and energy expenditure in heavy smokers. J Clin Invest. 1994;93(1):265–72.
35.
Carney RM, Goldberg AP. Weight gain after cessation of cigarette smoking. A possible role for adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(10):614–6.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Brunzell JD, Goldberg AP, Schwartz RS. Cigarettes smoking and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Int J Obes. 1980;4(2):101–3.PubMed
37.
Pomerleau OF, Rosecrans J. Neuroregulatory effects of nicotine. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989;14(6):407–23.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Miell JP, Englaro P, Blum WF. Dexamethasone induces an acute and sustained rise in circulating leptin levels in normal human subjects. Horm Metab Res. 1996;28(12):704–7.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Esposito K, Pontillo A, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Masella M, Marfella R, et al. Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on vascular inflammatory markers in obese women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1799–804.
40.
Iwashima Y, Katsuya T, Ishikawa K, Kida I, Ohishi M, Horio T, et al. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with smoking habit in men. Hypertension. 2005;45(6):1094–100.
41.
Andersson K, Arner P. Systemic nicotine stimulates human adipose tissue lipolysis through local cholinergic and catecholaminergic receptors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(8):1225–32.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Okamoto Y, Arita Y, Nishida M, Muraguchi M, Ouchi N, Takahashi M, et al. An adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, adheres to injured vascular walls. Horm Metab Res. 2000;32(2):47–50.
43.
Albanes D, Jones DY, Micozzi MS, Mattson ME. Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population: analysis of NHANES II. Am J Public Health. 1987;77(4):439–44.
44.
Williamson DF, Madans J, Anda RF, Kleinman JC, Giovino GA, Byers T. Smoking cessation and severity of weight gain in a national cohort. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(11):739–45.
45.
Shimokata H, Muller DC, Andres R. Studies in the distribution of body fat. III. Effects of cigarette smoking. JAMA. 1989;261(8):1169–73.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Perkins KA, Epstein LH, Marks BL, Stiller RL, Jacob RG. The effect of nicotine on energy expenditure during light physical activity. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(14):898–903.
47.
Hofstetter A, Schutz Y, Jequier E, Wahren J. Increased 24-hour energy expenditure in cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(2):79–82.
48.
Klesges RC, Meyers AW, Klesges LM, La Vasque ME. Smoking, body weight, and their effects on smoking behavior: a comprehensive review of the literature. Psychol Bull. 1989;106(2):204–30.
49.
50.
Yanbaeva DG, Dentener MA, Creutzberg EC, Wesseling G, Wouters EF. Systemic effects of smoking. Chest. 2007;131(5):1557–66.
51.
Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Shimomura I. Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(1):29–33.
52.
Yu YH, Ginsberg HN. Adipocyte signaling and lipid homeostasis: sequelae of insulin-resistant adipose tissue. Circ Res. 2005;96(10):1042–52.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Ronti T, Lupattelli G, Mannarino E. The endocrine function of adipose tissue: an update. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006;64(4):355–65.
54.
Hotta K, Funahashi T, Arita Y, Takahashi M, Matsuda M, Okamoto Y, et al. Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in type 2 diabetic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20(6):1595–9.
55.
Weyer C, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Hotta K, Matsuzawa Y, Pratley RE, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(5):1930–5.
56.
Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Macy E, Bovill EG, Cushman M, Cornell ES, et al. Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical disease in healthy elderly subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17(10):2167–76.
Metadata
Title
Effects of smoking cessation on serum leptin and adiponectin levels
Authors
Maria Kryfti
Katerina Dimakou
Michail Toumbis
Zoe Daniil
Chryssi Hatzoglou
Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Tobacco Induced Diseases / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1617-9625
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-015-0054-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Tobacco Induced Diseases 1/2015 Go to the issue

Research

Low nicotine dependence and high self-efficacy can predict smoking cessation independent of the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a three year follow up of a population-based study

Research

The association of active and secondhand smoking with oral health in adults: Japan public health center-based study

Research

Prevalence and association of smokeless tobacco use with the development of periodontal pocket among adult males in Dawan Valley, Yemen: a cross-sectional study

Research

Fidelity monitoring across the seven studies in the Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART)

Research

Development of measures assessing attitudes toward contraband tobacco among a web-based sample of smokers

Research

Factors associated with experimentation of electronic cigarettes among Parisian teenagers in 2013

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits