Top

Tobacco Induced Diseases

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human beta defensins expression and secretion by oral mucosal epithelial cells

Authors: Wen-mei Wang, Pei Ye, Ya-jie Qian, Ya-fan Gao, Jing-jing Li, Fang-fang Sun, Wei-yun Zhang, Xiang Wang

Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

Cigarette smoke a recognized risk factor for many systemic diseases and also oral diseases. Human beta defensins (HBDs), a group of important antimicrobial peptides expressed by the epithelium, are crucial for local defense and tissue homeostasis of oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of whole cigarette smoke (WCS) exposure on the expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells.

Methods

Immortalized human oral mucosal epithelial (Leuk-1) cells were exposed to WCS for various time periods. HBD-1, -2 and -3 expression and subcellular localization were detected by real time qPCR, immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscopy. According to the relative fluorescent intensity, the expression levels of HBD-1, -2 and -3 were evaluated by digital image analysis system. The alteration of HBD-1, -2 and -3 secretion levels was measured by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Results

WCS exposure remarkably attenuated HBD-1 expression and secretion while clearly enhanced HBD-2, -3 expression levels and HBD-2 secretion by Leuk-l cells. It appeared that there was no significant effect of WCS exposure on HBD-3 secretion.

Conclusions

WCS exposure could modulate expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells, establishing a link between cigarette smoke and abnormal levels of antimicrobial peptides. The present results may give a new perspective to investigate smoking-related local defense suppression and oral disease occurrence.

Chung WO, Dommisch H, Yin L, Dale BA. Expression of defensins in gingiva and their role in periodontal health and disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13(30):3073–83.PubMedCrossRef

Wang X, Jiang W, Duan N, Qian Y, Zhou Q, Ye P, et al. NOD1, RIP2 and Caspase12 are potentially novel biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma development and progression. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(4):1677–86.PubMedCentralPubMed

Diamond G, Ryan L. Beta-defensins: what are they really doing in the oral cavity? Oral Dis. 2011;17(7):628–35.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Ganz T. The role of antimicrobial peptides in innate immunity. Integr Comp Biol. 2003;43(2):300–4.PubMedCrossRef

Jarczak J, Kosciuczuk EM, Lisowski P, Strzalkowska N, Jozwik A, Horbanczuk J, et al. Defensins: natural component of human innate immunity. Hum Immunol. 2013;74(9):1069–79.PubMedCrossRef

Zhang L, Ren JW, Wong CC, Wu WK, Ren SX, Shen J, et al. Effects of cigarette smoke and its active components on ulcer formation and healing in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(1):63–9.PubMedCrossRef

Bunnell A, Pettit N, Reddout N, Sharma K, O'Malley S, Chino M, et al. Analysis of primary risk factors for oral cancer from select US states with increasing rates. Tob Induc Dis. 2010;8:5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Gorsky M, Epstein JB, Hasson-Kanfi H, Kaufman E. Smoking habits among patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus. Tob Induc Dis. 2004;2(2):103–8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Phillips J, Kluss B, Richter A, Massey E. Exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to whole cigarette smoke: assessment of cellular responses. Altern Lab Anim. 2005;33(3):239–48.PubMed

10.

Gualerzi A, Sciarabba M, Tartaglia G, Sforza C, Donetti E. Acute effects of cigarette smoke on three-dimensional cultures of normal human oral mucosa. Inhal Toxicol. 2012;24(6):382–9.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Semlali A, Chakir J, Goulet JP, Chmielewski W, Rouabhia M. Whole cigarette smoke promotes human gingival epithelial cell apoptosis and inhibits cell repair processes. J Periodontal Res. 2011;46(5):533–41.PubMed

12.

Semlali A, Chakir J, Rouabhia M. Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human gingival fibroblast adhesion, growth, and migration. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2011;74(13):848–62.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Colombo G, Dalle-Donne I, Orioli M, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Clerici M, et al. Oxidative damage in human gingival fibroblasts exposed to cigarette smoke. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;52(9):1584–96.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Pierson T, Learmonth-Pierson S, Pinto D, van Hoek ML. Cigarette smoke extract induces differential expression levels of beta-defensin peptides in human alveolar epithelial cells. Tob Induc Dis. 2013;11(1):10.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

15.

Semlali A, Witoled C, Alanazi M, Rouabhia M. Whole cigarette smoke increased the expression of TLRs, HBDs, and proinflammory cytokines by human gingival epithelial cells through different signaling pathways. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52614.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

16.

Thorne D, Adamson J. A review of in vitro cigarette smoke exposure systems. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2013;65(7–8):1183–93.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Adamson J, Thorne D, McAughey J, Dillon D, Meredith C. Quantification of cigarette smoke particle deposition in vitro using a triplicate quartz crystal microbalance exposure chamber. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:685074.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

18.

Adamson J, Azzopardi D, Errington G, Dickens C, McAughey J, Gaca MD. Assessment of an in vitro whole cigarette smoke exposure system: the Borgwaldt RM20S 8-syringe smoking machine. Chem Cent J. 2011;5:50.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

19.

Thorne D, Wilson J, Kumaravel TS, Massey ED, McEwan M. Measurement of oxidative DNA damage induced by mainstream cigarette smoke in cultured NCI-H292 human pulmonary carcinoma cells. Mutat Res. 2009;673(1):3–8.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Maunders H, Patwardhan S, Phillips J, Clack A, Richter A. Human bronchial epithelial cell transcriptome: gene expression changes following acute exposure to whole cigarette smoke in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007;292(5):L1248–56.PubMedCrossRef

21.

Wolgin M, Liodakis S, Ulrich I, Zakrzewicz A, Kielbassa AM, Pries AR. Gene expression of human beta defensins-1 and -2 is significantly reduced in non-inflamed keratinized oral tissue of smokers. J Dent. 2012;40(11):949–54.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Bogefors J, Kvarnhammar AM, Hockerfelt U, Cardell LO. Reduced tonsillar expression of human beta-defensin 1, 2 and 3 in allergic rhinitis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012;65(3):431–8.PubMedCrossRef

23.

He P, Wang AG, Xia T, Gao P, Niu Q, Guo LJ, et al. Mechanism of the neurotoxic effect of PBDE-47 and interaction of PBDE-47 and PCB153 in enhancing toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology. 2009;30(1):10–5.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Bazzini C, Rossetti V, Civello DA, Sassone F, Vezzoli V, Persani L, et al. Short- and long- term effects of cigarette smoke exposure on glutathione homeostasis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2013;32(7):129–45.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Church DF, Pryor WA. Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ Health Perspect. 1985;64:111–26.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

26.

Scian MJ, Oldham MJ, Kane DB, Edmiston JS, McKinney WJ. Characterization of a whole smoke in vitro exposure system (Burghart Mimic Smoker-01). Inhal Toxicol. 2009;21(3):234–43.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Ahmed A, Thliveris JA, Shaw A, Sowa M, Gilchrist J, Scott JE. Caspase 3 activity in isolated fetal rat lung fibroblasts and rat periodontal ligament fibroblasts: cigarette smoke induced alterations. Tob Induc Dis. 2013;11(1):25.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

28.

Kimball JR, Nittayananta W, Klausner M, Chung WO, Dale BA. Antimicrobial barrier of an in vitro oral epithelial model. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51(9):775–83.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

29.

Shibata Y, Abe S, Inoue S, Takabatake N, Igarashi A, Takeishi Y, et al. Altered expression of antimicrobial molecules in cigarette smoke-exposed emphysematous mice lungs. Respirology. 2008;13(7):1061–5.PubMed

30.

Prado-Montes de Oca E. Human beta-defensin 1: a restless warrior against allergies, infections and cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010;42(6):800–4.PubMedCrossRef

31.

Chen L, Sun BB, Wang T, Wang X, Li JQ, Wang HX, et al. Cigarette smoke enhances {beta}-defensin 2 expression in rat airways via nuclear factor-{kappa}B activation. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(3):638–45.PubMedCrossRef

32.

De Smet K, Contreras R. Human antimicrobial peptides: defensins, cathelicidins and histatins. Biotechnol Lett. 2005;27(18):1337–47.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Winter J, Pantelis A, Reich R, Martini M, Kraus D, Jepsen S, et al. Human beta-defensin-1, -2, and -3 exhibit opposite effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. Cancer Invest. 2011;29(3):196–201.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Nikota JK, Stampfli MR. Cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and respiratory host defense: insights from animal models. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2012;25(4):257–62.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Mahanonda R, Sa-Ard-Iam N, Eksomtramate M, Rerkyen P, Phairat B, Schaecher KE, et al. Cigarette smoke extract modulates human beta-defensin-2 and interleukin-8 expression in human gingival epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res. 2009;44(4):557–64.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Schauber J, Dorschner RA, Yamasaki K, Brouha B, Gallo RL. Control of the innate epithelial antimicrobial response is cell-type specific and dependent on relevant microenvironmental stimuli. Immunology. 2006;118(4):509–19.PubMedCentralPubMed

37.

Carpenter S, Ricci EP, Mercier BC, Moore MJ, Fitzgerald KA. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(6):361–76.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Mulder KC, Bandola J, Schumann W. Construction of an artificial secYEG operon allowing high level secretion of alpha-amylase. Protein Expr Purif. 2013;89(1):92–6.PubMedCrossRef

Title: Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human beta defensins expression and secretion by oral mucosal epithelial cells
Authors: Wen-mei Wang
Pei Ye
Ya-jie Qian
Ya-fan Gao
Jing-jing Li
Fang-fang Sun
Wei-yun Zhang
Xiang Wang
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Tobacco Induced Diseases / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1617-9625
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-015-0029-8

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human beta defensins expression and secretion by oral mucosal epithelial cells

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Effectiveness of smoking reduction intervention for hardcore smokers

The risk and burden of smoking related heart disease mortality among young people in the United States

Chinese pediatrician beliefs about counseling and medications for parents who smoke: a survey in southern China

Associations between perceptions of e-cigarette advertising and interest in product trial amongst US adult smokers and non-smokers: results from an internet-based pilot survey

Development of measures assessing attitudes toward contraband tobacco among a web-based sample of smokers

Overview of state policies requiring smoking cessation therapy in psychiatric hospitals and drug abuse treatment centers

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page