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Open Access 01-12-2019 | Lung Cancer | Technical innovations

Rabbit VX2 lung tumor models can form early nodal metastases

Authors: Alexander Gregor, Kosuke Fujino, Nicholas Bernards, Tomonari Kinoshita, Yamato Motooka, Terunaga Inage, Tsukasa Ishiwata, Zhenchian Chen, Hideki Ujiie, Chang Young Lee, Kazuhiro Yasufuku

Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Background

The rabbit squamous cell cancer line, VX2, has been used to generate various tumor models in rabbits. It is notable for its ability to generate nodal metastases. However, the timing and extent of nodal metastases vary by primary inoculation site and methodology. The development of metastases specifically in lung cancer models has not been well-described. We sought to characterize the generation of nodal metastases in rabbit transbronchial VX2 lung tumor models.

Methods

Rabbit VX2 lung tumor models were created in the right lung via transbronchial injection and serially imaged by computed tomography. Rabbits (n = 15) were sacrificed from between 5 and 24 days post-inoculation for collection of the ipsilateral and contralateral paratracheal lymph nodes. These underwent histopathological evaluation for metastases using hematoxylin and eosin as well as cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunohistochemical staining.

Results

Nodal metastases were detectable as early as 1 week after inoculation but were more prevalent with longer inoculation; all rabbits at > 2 weeks post-inoculation had nodal metastases. Contralateral metastases were in general seen later than ipsilateral metastases. Lymph node volume did not predict the likelihood of nodal metastases (p = 0.4 and p = 0.07 for ipsilateral and contralateral nodal metastases, respectively), but primary tumor volume was significantly associated with the likelihood of nodal metastases (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005 for ipsilateral and contralateral nodal metastases, respectively). Ipsilateral metastases were detectable at a tumor diameter of 1 cm; contralateral metastases were more variable but in general required a tumor diameter of 2 cm.

Conclusions

Rabbit transbronchial VX2 lung tumor models generate nodal metastases relatively early after inoculation. These results suggest such models may be valuable tools in the investigation of novel therapeutic modalities relevant for the treatment of both early-stage and locally advanced lung cancer.

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Title: Rabbit VX2 lung tumor models can form early nodal metastases
Authors: Alexander Gregor
Kosuke Fujino
Nicholas Bernards
Tomonari Kinoshita
Yamato Motooka
Terunaga Inage
Tsukasa Ishiwata
Zhenchian Chen
Hideki Ujiie
Chang Young Lee
Kazuhiro Yasufuku
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Lung Cancer
Metastasis
Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer
Published in: World Journal of Surgical Oncology / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-019-1774-6

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Rabbit VX2 lung tumor models can form early nodal metastases

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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