Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
International Journal for Equity in Health
Published in: International Journal for Equity in Health 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Research

Typology of organizational innovation components: building blocks to improve access to primary healthcare for vulnerable populations

Authors: Mélanie Ann Smithman, Sarah Descôteaux, Émilie Dionne, Lauralie Richard, Mylaine Breton, Vladimir Khanassov, Jeannie L. Haggerty, On behalf of the IMPACT research team

Published in: International Journal for Equity in Health | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Achieving equity of access to primary healthcare requires organizations to implement innovations tailored to the specific needs and abilities of vulnerable populations. However, designing pro-vulnerable innovations is challenging without knowledge of the range of possible innovations tailored to vulnerable populations’ needs. To better support decision-makers, we aimed to develop a typology of pro-vulnerable organizational innovation components – akin to “building blocks” that could be combined in different ways into new complex innovations or added to existing organizational processes to improve access to primary healthcare.

Methods

To develop the typology, we used data from a previously conducted a) scoping review (2000–2014, searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, citation tracking, n = 90 articles selected), and b) environmental scan (2014, online survey via social networks, n = 240 innovations). We conducted a typological analysis of the data. Our initial typology yielded 48 components, classified according to accessibility dimensions from the Patient-Centred Accessibility Framework. The initial typology was then field-tested for relevance and usability by health system stakeholders and refined from 2014 to 2018 (e.g., combined similar components, excluded non-organizational components).

Results

The selected articles (n = 90 studies) and survey responses (n = 240 innovations) were mostly from the USA, Canada, Australia and the UK. Innovations targeted populations with various vulnerabilities (e.g., low income, chronic illness, Indigenous, homeless, migrants, refugees, ethnic minorities, uninsured, marginalized groups, mental illness, etc.). Our final typology had 18 components of organizational innovations, which principally addressed Availability & Accommodation (7/18), Approachability (6/18), and Acceptability (3/18). Components included navigation & information, community health worker, one-stop-shop, case management, group visits, defraying costs, primary healthcare brokerage, etc.

Conclusions

This typology offers a comprehensive menu of potential components that can help inform the design of pro-vulnerable organizational innovations. Component classification according to the accessibility dimensions of the Patient-Centred Accessibility Framework is useful to help target access needs. Components can be combined into complex innovations or added to existing organizational processes to meet the access needs of vulnerable populations in specific contexts.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
World Health Organization. Declaration of Alma-Ata. International Conference on Primary Health Care. Alma-Ata, USSR; 1978.
2.
World Health Organization. Primary care, now more than ever. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
3.
World Health Organization. Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
4.
Harris MF, Harris E, Roland M. Access to primary health care: three challenges to equity. Aust J Prim Health. 2004;10(3):21–9.CrossRef
5.
Bowen S. Access to health services for underserved populations in Canada. In: Health Canada. "Certain circumstances": issues in equity and responsiveness in access to health care in Canada. Ottawa: Health Canada; 2001. p. 1–60.
6.
Spike EA, Smith MM, Harris MF. Access to primary health care services by community-based asylum seekers. Med J Aust. 2011;195(4):188–91.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Khandor E, Mason K, Chambers C, Rossiter K, Cowan L, Hwang SW. Access to primary health care among homeless adults in Toronto, Canada: results from the street health survey. Open Med. 2011;5(2):e94–e103.PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
9.
Bennett CC. A healthier future for all Australians: an overview of the final report of the National Health and hospitals reform commission. Med J Aust. 2009;191(7):383–7.PubMedCrossRef
10.
11.
Haggerty J, Chin MH, Katz A, Young K, Foley J, Groulx A, et al. Proactive strategies to address health equity and disparities: recommendations from a bi-national symposium. J Am Board Fam Med. 2018;31(3):479–83.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Mechanic D, Tanner J. Vulnerable people, groups, and populations: societal view. Health Aff. 2007;26(5):1220–30.CrossRef
13.
14.
Meyer SB, Luong TC, Mamerow L, Ward PR. Inequities in access to healthcare: analysis of national survey data across six Asia-Pacific countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:238.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
Comino EJ, Davies GP, Krastev Y, Haas M, Christl B, Furler J, et al. A systematic review of interventions to enhance access to best practice primary health care for chronic disease management, prevention and episodic care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:415.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Richard L, Furler J, Densley K, Haggerty J, Russell G, Levesque J-F, et al. Equity of access to primary healthcare for vulnerable populations: the IMPACT international online survey of innovations. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15:64.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Khanassov V, Pluye P, Descoteaux S, Haggerty JL, Russell G, Gunn J, et al. Organizational interventions improving access to community-based primary health care for vulnerable populations: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15:168.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Levesque J-F, Harris MF, Russell G. Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12:18.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Russell G, Kunin M, Harris M, Levesque J-F, Descôteaux S, Scott C, et al. Improving access to primary healthcare for vulnerable populations in Australia and Canada: protocol for a mixed-method evaluation of six complex interventions. BMJ Open. 2019;9(7):e027869.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
21.
Doty DH, Glick WH. Typologies as a unique form of theory building: toward improved understanding and modeling. Acad Manag Rev. 1994;19(2):230–51.CrossRef
22.
Ayres L, Knaft KA. Typological analysis. In: Given LM, editor. The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Volumes 1 & 2. Thousand Oaks: SAGE; 2008. p. 900–1.
23.
Hatch J. Typological analysis. Doing qualitative research in education settings. Aelbany: State University of New York Press; 2002. p. 152–61.
24.
Glenton C, Scheel IB, Lewin S, Swingler GH. Can lay health workers increase the uptake of childhood immunisation? Systematic review and typology. Tropical Med Int Health. 2011;16(9):1044–53.CrossRef
25.
D'Amour D, Goulet L, Labadie J-F, San Martín-Rodriguez L, Pineault R. A model and typology of collaboration between professionals in healthcare organizations. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:1–14.CrossRef
26.
Taggart J, Williams A, Dennis S, Newall A, Shortus T, Zwar N, et al. A systematic review of interventions in primary care to improve health literacy for chronic disease behavioral risk factors. BMC Fam Pract. 2012;13:49.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Wakerman J, Humphreys JS, Wells R, Kuipers P, Entwistle P, Jones J. Primary health care delivery models in rural and remote Australia–a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:276.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Davis LL. Dementia caregiving studies: a typology for family interventions. J Fam Nurs. 1996;2(1):30–55.CrossRef
29.
Preston R, Waugh H, Larkins S, Taylor J. Community participation in rural primary health care: intervention or approach? Aust J Prim Health. 2010;16(1):4–16.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Macfarlane F, Bate P, Kyriakidou O. Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and recommendations. Milbank Q. 2004;82(4):581–629.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Bradley CJ, Gandhi SO, Neumark D, Garland S, Retchin SM. Lessons for coverage expansion: a Virginia primary care program for the uninsured reduced utilization and cut costs. Health Aff. 2012;31(2):350–9.CrossRef
32.
Brown K, Levine J, Fiellin D, O’Connor P, Sledge W. Primary intensive care: pilot study of a primary care-based intervention for high-utilizing patients. Dis Manag. 2005;8(3):169–77.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Callahan CM, Boustani MA, Unverzagt FW, Austrom MG, Damush TM, Perkins AJ, et al. Effectiveness of collaborative care for older adults with Alzheimer disease in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012;295(18):2148–57.CrossRef
34.
Counsell SR, Callahan CM, Clark DO, Tu W, Buttar AB, Stump TE, et al. Geriatric care management for low-income seniors. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007;298(22):2623–33.PubMedCrossRef
35.
DeHaven M, Kitzman-Ulrich H, Gimpel N, Culica D, O'Neil L, Marcee A, et al. The effects of a community-based partnership, project access Dallas (PAD), on emergency department utilization and costs among the uninsured. J Public Health. 2012;34(4):577–83.CrossRef
36.
Dorr DA, Wilcox AB, Brunker CP, Burdon RE, Donnelly SM. The effect of technology-supported, multidisease care management on the mortality and hospitalization of seniors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(12):2195–202.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Driscoll DL, Hiratsuka V, Johnston JM, Norman S, Reilly KM, Shaw J, et al. Process and outcomes of patient-centered medical care with Alaska native people at Southcentral Foundation. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11(Suppl 1):S41–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
Druss BG, Rohrbaugh RM, Levinson CM, Rosenheck RA. Integrated medical care for patients with serious psychiatric illness. JAMA. 2001;58:861–8.
39.
Farmer JE, Clark MJ, Sherman A, Marien WE, Selva TJ. Comprehensive primary care for children with special health care needs in rural areas. Pediatrics. 2005;116(3):649–56.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Feinglass J, Nonzee NJ, Murphy KR, Endress R, Simon MA. Access to care outcomes: a telephone interview study of a suburban safety net program for the uninsured. J Community Health. 2014;39(1):108–17.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Glendenning-Napoli A, Dowling B, Pulvino J, Baillargeon G, Raimer BG. Community-based case management for uninsured patients with chronic diseases: effects on acute care utilization and costs. Prof Case Manag. 2012;17(6):267–75.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Garg A, Marino M, Vikani AR, Solomon BS. Addressing families' unmet social needs within pediatric primary care: the health leads model. Clin Pediatr. 2012;51(12):1191–3.CrossRef
43.
Horwitz SM, Busch SH, Balestracci KMB, Ellingson KD, Rawlings J. Intensive intervention improves primary care follow-up for uninsured emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12(7):647–52.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Kaufman A, Derksen D, McKernan S, Galbraith P, Sava S, Wills J, et al. Managed care for uninsured patients at an academic health center: a case study. Acad Med. 2000;75(4):323–30.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Leff B, Reider L, Frick KD, Scharfstein DO, Boyd CM, Frey K, et al. Guided care and the cost of complex healthcare: a preliminary report. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(8):555–60.PubMed
46.
Levkoff SE, Chen H, Coakley E, McDonel Herr EC, Oslin DW, Katz I, et al. Design and sample characteristics of the PRISM-E multisite randomized trial to improve behavioral health care for the elderly. J Aging Health. 2004;16(1):3–27.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Mackinney T, Visotcky AM, Tarima S, Whittle J. Does providing care for uninsured patients decrease emergency room visits and hospitalizations? J Prim Care Community Health. 2013;4(2):135–42.PubMedCrossRef
48.
McCulloch DK, Price MJ, Hindmarsh M, Wagner EH. Improvement in diabetes care using an integrated population-based approach in a primary care setting. Dis Manag. 2000;3(2):75–82.CrossRef
49.
Michelen W, Martinez J, Lee A, Wheeler DP. Reducing frequent flyer emergency department visits. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2006;17(1 Suppl):59–69.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Palfrey JS, Sofis LA, Davidson EJ, Liu J, Freeman L, Ganz ML, et al. The pediatric alliance for coordinated care: evaluation of a medical home model. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5 Suppl):1507–16.PubMed
51.
Roby DH, Pourat N, Pirritano MJ, Vrungos SM, Dajee H, Castillo D, et al. Impact of patient-centered medical home assignment on emergency room visits among uninsured patients in a county health system. Med Care Res Rev. 2010;67(4):412–30.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Shah R, Chen C, Rourke SO, Lee M, Mohanty SA, Abraham J. Evaluation of care management for the uninsured. Med Care. 2011;49(2):166–71.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Wohl DA, Scheyett A, Golin CE, White B, Matuszewski J, Bowling M, et al. Intensive case management before and after prison release is no more effective than comprehensive pre-release discharge planning in linking HIV-infected prisoners to care: a randomized trial. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(2):356–64.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
Wang EA, Hong CS, Shavit S, Sanders R, Kessell E, Kushel MB. Engaging individuals recently released from prison into primary care: a randomized trial. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(9):e22–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
55.
Abreu M, Hynes HP. The Latino health insurance program: a pilot intervention for enrolling Latino families in health insurance programs, East Boston, Massachusetts, 2006-2007. Prev Chronic Dis. 2009;6(4):A129.PubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Alexander L, Landis S. Low-income uninsured patient health and access to health care through a community health program in NC. J Community Health. 2012;37(1):105–12.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Arora S, Kalishman S, Thornton K, Dion D, Murata G, Deming P, et al. Expanding access to hepatitis C virus treatment--extension for community healthcare outcomes (ECHO) project: disruptive innovation in specialty care. Hepatology. 2010;52(3):1124–33.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Dang MT, Whitney KD, Virata MCD, Binger MM, Miller E. A web-based personal health information system for homeless youth and young adults. Public Health Nurs. 2011;29(4):313–9.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Connor A, Layne L, Thomisee K. Providing care for migrant farm worker families in their unique sociocultural context and environment. J Transcult Nurs. 2010;21(2):159–66.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Felix HC, Mays GP, Stewart MK, Cottoms N, Olson M. The care span: Medicaid savings resulted when community health workers matched those with needs to home and community care. Health Aff. 2011;30(7):1366–74.CrossRef
61.
Heller D, McCoy K, Cunningham C. An invisible barrier to integrating HIV primary care with harm reduction services: philosophical clashes between the harm reduction and medical models. Public Health Rep. 2004;119(1):32–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
62.
Brown LD, Stevens B. Charge of the right brigade? Communities, coverage, and care for the uninsured. Health Aff. 2006;25(3):w150–61.CrossRef
63.
Brown LD. Impermanent politics: the Hillsborough County health care plan and community innovation for the uninsured. Health Aff. 2006;25(3):w162–72.CrossRef
64.
De Leon SF, Pauls L, Shih SC, Cannell T, Wang JJ. Early assessment of health care utilization among a workforce population with access to primary care practices with electronic health records. J Ambul Care Manage. 2013;36(3):260–8.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Desai NR, Smith KL, Boal J. The positive financial contribution of home-based primary care programs: the case of the Mount Sinai visiting doctors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(4):744–9.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Devoe JE, Gold R, Spofford M, Chauvie S, Muench J, Turner A, et al. Developing a network of community health centers with a common electronic health record: description of the safety net west practice-based research network (SNW-PBRN). J Am Board Fam Med. 2011;24(5):597–604.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
67.
Diamant AL, Brook RH, Fink A, Gelberg L. Assessing use of primary health care services by very low-income adults in a managed care program. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(9):1222–7.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Diaz-Perez MDJ, Farley T, Cabanis CM. A program to improve access to health care among Mexican immigrants in rural Colorado. J Rural Health. 2004;20(3):258–64.CrossRef
69.
Dow AW, Bohannon A, Garland S, Mazmanian PE, Retchin SM. The effects of expanding primary care access for the uninsured: implications for the health care workforce under health reform. Acad Med. 2013;88(12):1855–61.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Dulin MF, Ludden TM, Tapp H, Smith HA, de Hernandez BU, Blackwell J, et al. Geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrating primary care needs for a transitioning hispanic community. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010;23(1):109–20.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Cady R, Kelly A, Finkelstein S. Home telehealth for children with special health-care needs. J Telemed Telecare. 2008;14(4):173–7.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Hamilton LJ, Lerner CF, Presson AP, Klitzner TS. Effects of a medical home program for children with special health care needs on parental perceptions of care in an ethnically diverse patient population. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(3):463–9.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Carey M. The role of a statewide information and referral (I&R) system in enhancing the access of children and their families to developmental programs and services. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2006;27(1 Suppl):S13–6.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Kahn LS, Aiello J, Berdine DE, Fox CH. The use of telephonic case management to link a special-needs population with a primary care physician. J Am Board Fam Med. 2009;22(5):585–7.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Kane RL, Homyak P, Bershadsky B, Lum Y-S. Consumer responses to the Wisconsin partnership program for elderly persons: a variation on the PACE model. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(4):M250–8.PubMedCrossRef
76.
McCann E. Building a community-academic partnership to improve health outcomes in an underserved community. Public Health Nurs. 2010;27(1):32–40.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Malvey D, Hyde JC, Topping S, Woodrell FD. Getting off the bandwagon an academic health center takes a different strategic path. J Healthc Manag. 2000;45(6):381–93.PubMed
78.
Luzinski CH, Stockbridge E, Craighead J, Bayliss D, Schmidt M, Seideman J. The community case management program: for 12 years, caring at its best. Geriatr Nurs. 2008;29(3):207–15.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Mayernik D, Resick LK, Skomo ML, Mandock K. Parish nurse-initiated interdisciplinary mobile health care delivery project. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2010;39(2):227–334.PubMedCrossRef
80.
McCloskey J. Promotores as partners in a community-based diabetes intervention program targeting Hispanics. Fam Community Health. 2009;32(1):48–57.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Miller D, Zantop V, Hammer H, Faust S, Grumbach K. Group medical visits for low-income women with chronic disease: a feasibility study. J Women's Health. 2004;13(2):217–25.CrossRef
82.
Venters H, Adekugbe O, Massaquoi J, Nadeau C, Saul J, Gany F. Mental health concerns among African immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health. 2011;13(4):795–7.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Watts BV, Shiner B, Pomerantz A, Stender P, Weeks WB. Outcomes of a quality improvement project integrating mental health into primary care. Qual Saf Health Care. 2007;16(5):378–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
84.
Randolph F, Blasinsky M, Morrissey JP, Rosenheck RA, Cocozza J, Goldman HH. Overview of the ACCESS program. Access to community care and effective services and supports. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53(8):945–8.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Reavy K, Hobbs J, Hereford M, Crosby K. A new clinic model for refugee health care: adaptation of cultural safety. Rural Remote Health. 2012;12:1826.PubMed
86.
Savage RM, Dillon JM, Hammel JC, Lewis TC, Johnson NC, Barlow LM, et al. The Alabama Coalition for a Healthier Black belt: a proof of concept project. Community Ment Health J. 2013;49(1):79–85.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Scotten ESL, Absher AC. Creating community-based access to primary healthcare for the uninsured through strategic alliances and restructuring local health department programs. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2006;12(5):446–51.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Padwa H, Urada D, Antonini VP, Ober A, Crèvecoeur-MacPhail DA, Rawson RA. Integrating substance use disorder services with primary care: the experience in California. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2012;44(4):299–306.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
89.
90.
Hockman EM, Andersen M, Smereck GAD. The impact of an intervention program for HIV-positive women on well-being, substance use, physical symptoms, and depression. Drugs Soc. 2001;16(1–2):145–61.CrossRef
91.
Beland F, Bergman H, Lebel P, Clarfield AM, Tousignant P, Contandriopoulos A-P, et al. A system of integrated care for older persons with disabilities in Canada: results from a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(4):367–73.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Crustolo AM, Kates N, Ackerman S, Schamehorn S. Integrating nutrition services into primary care: experience in Hamilton. Ont Can Fam Physician. 2005;51(12):1647–53.PubMed
93.
Doey T, Hines P, Myslik B, Leavey JE, Seabrook JA. Creating primary care access for mental health care clients in a community mental health setting. Can J Community Ment Health. 2008;27(2):129–38.CrossRef
94.
Lamothe L, Fortin J-P, Labbé F, Gagnon M-P, Messikh D. Impacts of telehomecare on patients, providers, and organizations. TTelemed J E Health. 2006;12(3):363–9.CrossRef
95.
Moore A, Patterson C, White J, House ST, Riva JJ, Nair K, et al. Interprofessional and integrated care of the elderly in a family health team. Can Fam Physician. 2012;58(8):436–41.
96.
Tourigny A, Durand PJ, Bonin L, Hébert R, Rochette L. Quasi-experimental study of the effectiveness of an integrated service delivery network for the frail elderly. Can J Aging. 2004;23(3):231–46.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Davachi S, Ferrari I. Homelessness and diabetes: reducing disparities in diabetes care through innovations and partnerships. Can J Diabetes. 2012;36(2):75–82.CrossRef
98.
Sin DD, Bell NR, Man SFP. Effects of increased primary care access on process of care and health outcomes among patients with asthma who frequent emergency departments. Am J Med. 2004;117(7):479–83.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Nardi D. Integrated physical and mental health care at a nurse-managed clinic. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2011;49(7):28–34.PubMedCrossRef
100.
101.
Anikeeva O. The closing the gap initiative - sucesses and ongoing challenges for divisions of general practice. Aust Fam Physician. 2012;41(7):523–7.PubMed
102.
Carey TA. A qualitative study of a social and emotional well-being service for a remote indigenous Australian community: implications for access, effectiveness, and sustainability. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
103.
Gould G, Viney K, Greenwood M, Kramer J, Corben P. A multidisciplinary primary healthcare clinic for newly arrived humanitarian entrants in regional NSW: model of service delivery and summary of preliminary findings. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2010;34(3):326–9.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Happell B, Platania-Phung C, Scott D. Mental health nurse incentive program: facilitating physical health care for people with mental illness? Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2013;22(5):399–408.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Hayman NE, White NE, Spurling GK. Improving indigenous patients' access to mainstream services: the Inala experience. Med J Aust. 2009;190(10):604–6.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Kay M, Jackson C, Nicholson C. Refugee health: a new model for delivering primary health care. Aust J Prim Health. 2010;16(1):98–103.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Laurence C, Gialamas A, Yelland L, Bubner T, Ryan P, Willson K, et al. A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the safety, clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and satisfaction with point of care testing in a general practice setting - rationale, design and baseline characteristics. Trials. 2008;9:50.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
108.
Carver H, Douglas MJ, Tomlinson JEM. The outreach worker role in an anticipatory care programme: a valuable resource for linking and supporting. Public Health. 2012;126(Suppl 1):S47–52.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Day C, Davis H. The effectiveness and quality of routine child and adolescent mental health care outreach clinics. Br J Clin Psychol. 2006;45(Pt 4):439–52.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Gravelle H, Dusheiko M, Sheaff R, Sargent P, Boaden R, Pickard S, et al. Impact of case management (Evercare) on frail elderly patients: controlled before and after analysis of quantitative outcome data. BMJ. 2007;334(7583):31.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Le Feuvre P. How primary care services can incorporate refugee health care. Med Confl Surviv. 2001;17(2):131–6.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Sylvia ML, Griswold M, Dunbar L, Boyd CM, Park M, Boult C. Guided care: cost and utilization outcomes in a pilot study. Dis Manag. 2008;11(1):29–36.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Symons L, Tylee A, Mann A, Jones R, Plummer S, Walker M, et al. Improving access to depression care: descriptive report of a multidisciplinary primary care pilot service. Br J Gen Pract. 2004;54(506):679–83.PubMedPubMedCentral
114.
Gray S, Lennon D, Anderson P, Stewart J, Farrell E. Nurse-led school-based clinics for skin infections and rheumatic fever prevention: results from a pilot study in South Auckland. N Z Med J. 2013;126(1373):53–61.PubMed
115.
Maniapoto T, Gribben B. Establishing a Maori case management clinic. N Z Med J. 2003;116(1169):U328.PubMed
116.
Knishkowy B, Schein M, Kiderman A, Velber A, Edman R, Yaphe J. Preventive adolescent health care in family practice: a program summary. ScientificWorldJournal. 2006;6:619–27.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
117.
Levin-Zamir D, Keret S, Yaakovson O, Lev B, Kay C, Verber G, et al. Refuah Shlema: a cross-cultural programme for promoting communication and health among Ethiopian immigrants in the primary health care setting in Israel: evidence and lessons learned from over a decade of implementation. Glob Health Promot. 2011;18(1):51–4.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Landi F, Onder G, Russo A, Tabaccanti S, Rollo R, Federici S, et al. A new model of integrated home care for the elderly: impact on hospital use. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(9):968–70.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Pelcastre-Villafuerte B, Ruiz M, Meneses S, Amaya C, Márquez M, Taboada A, et al. Community-based health care for indigenous women in Mexico: a qualitative evaluation. Int J Equity Health. 2014;13(2):1–9.
120.
Große J, Daufratshofer C, Igel U, Grande G. Community-based health promotion for socially disadvantaged mothers as health managers of their families: strategies for accessing the target group and their effectiveness. J Public Health. 2012;20(2):193–202.CrossRef
121.
122.
Arora S, Thornton K, Murata G, Deming P, Kalishman S, Dion D, et al. Outcomes of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection by primary care providers. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(23):2199–207.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Department of Health & Human Services. Police, Ambulance and Clinical Early Response (PACER) evaluation report. Victoria State Government; 2012.
124.
Huppert D, Griffiths M. Police mental health partnership project: police ambulance crisis emergency response (PACER) model development. Australas Psychiatry. 2015;23(5):520–3.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Fiore F. La clinique de transition: un pas vers un médecin de famille. Le Médecin du Québec. 2013;48(6):21–5.
126.
127.
Druss BG, Rohrbaugh RM, Levinson CM, Rosenheck RA. Integrated medical care for patients with serious psychiatric illness: a randomized trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(9):861–8.PubMedCrossRef
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
Hirmas Adauy M, Poffald Angulo L, Jasmen Sepulveda AM, Aguilera Sanhueza X, Delgado Becerra I, Vega MJ. Health care access barriers and facilitators: a qualitative systematic review. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2013;33(3):223–9.PubMedCrossRef
138.
Johannes B, Graaf D, Blatt B, George D, Gonzalo JD. A multi-site exploration of barriers faced by vulnerable patient populations: a qualitative analysis exploring the needs of patients for targeted interventions in new models of care delivery. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2019;20(e6):1–11.
139.
Powell RE, Doty A, Casten RJ, Rovner BW, Rising KL. A qualitative analysis of interprofessional healthcare team members’ perceptions of patient barriers to healthcare engagement. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:493.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
140.
Blendon RJ, Schoen C, DesRoches C, Osborn R, Zapert K. Common concerns amid diverse systems: health care experiences in five countries. Health Aff. 2003;22(3):106–21.CrossRef
141.
Corscadden L, Levesque JF, Lewis V, Breton M, Sutherland K, Weenink JW, et al. Barriers to accessing primary health care: comparing Australian experiences internationally. Aust J Prim Health. 2017;23(3):223–8.PubMedCrossRef
142.
Corscadden L, Levesque JF, Lewis V, Strumpf E, Breton M, Russell G. Factors associated with multiple barriers to access to primary care: an international analysis. Int J Equity Health. 2018;17(1):28.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
143.
Davis K, Ballreich J. Equitable access to care--how the United States ranks internationally. New Engl J Med. 2014;371(17):1567–70.PubMedCrossRef
144.
Ekman B. Community-based health insurance in low-income countries: a systematic review of the evidence. Health Policy Plan. 2004;19(5):249–70.PubMedCrossRef
145.
Hall CS, Fottrell E, Wilkinson S, Byass P. Assessing the impact of mHealth interventions in low- and middle-income countries – what has been shown to work? Glob Health Action. 2014;7:25606.PubMedCrossRef
146.
Asante A, Price J, Hayen A, Jan S, Wiseman V. Equity in health care financing in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence from studies using benefit and financing incidence analyses. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0152866.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
147.
Devarakonda S. Hub and spoke model: making rural healthcare in India affordable, available and accessible. Rural Remote Health. 2016;16(1):3476.PubMed
148.
Kapoor A, Goyal S. Inclusive healthcare at base of the pyramid (BoP) in India. Int J Trade and Global Markets. 2013;6(1):22–39.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Typology of organizational innovation components: building blocks to improve access to primary healthcare for vulnerable populations
Authors
Mélanie Ann Smithman
Sarah Descôteaux
Émilie Dionne
Lauralie Richard
Mylaine Breton
Vladimir Khanassov
Jeannie L. Haggerty
On behalf of the IMPACT research team
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
International Journal for Equity in Health / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1475-9276
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01263-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

International Journal for Equity in Health 1/2020 Go to the issue

Commentary

Mobile health clinic model in the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned and opportunities for policy changes and innovation

Correction

Correction to: Households forgoing healthcare as a measure of financial risk protection: an application to Liberia

Research

Ethnicity recording in health and social care data collections in Ireland: where and how is it measured and what is it used for?

Research

Sustainable under nutrition reduction program and dietary diversity among children’s aged 6–23 months, Northwest Ethiopia: Comparative cross-sectional study

Research

Landscapes of care and despair for rural youth – a qualitative study in the northern Swedish ‘periphery’

Commentary

Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states?