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Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research

Analysis of the lymphocyte cell population during malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and its correlation with parasitaemia and thrombocytopaenia

Authors: Samantha Soares Ourives, Quessi Irias Borges, Diego Sampaio Arantes dos Santos, Eponina Cláudia Magalhães Melo, Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza, Amílcar Sabino Damazo

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

The mechanisms of activation and regulation of T lymphocytes and their cytokines in malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax are complex and poorly understood. Previous data suggest that T cells balance protective immune responses with immune mediated pathology in malaria. This study investigates the lymphocytic profile of patients infected with P. vivax by identifying and quantifying the specific sub-populations of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells and observing the correlation between parasitaemia and the number of platelets.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in an endemic area of the state of Acre, Brazil. In order to obtain identification and quantification of lymphocyte sub-populations through flow cytometry, blood samples were collected from 50 individuals infected with P. vivax and 20 non-infected controls. To differentiate Th1 from Th2, the presence of cytokines IL-4 and TNF was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Utilizing the Mann–Whitney and Spearman coefficient tests, comparison and correlation analysis were rendered to test the parasitaemia and the number of platelets relationship.

Results

The data indicate that individuals infected with P. vivax present a significant reduction in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell sub-populations when compared to the non-infected control group. A negative correlation exists between parasitaemia and platelet counts in individuals infected with P. vivax. There is no correlation of parasitaemia or thrombocytopaenia with any sub-population of T lymphocytes analysed. Interestingly, patients with serum Th1 cytokine profile present inversely proportional parasitaemia to the increase in the number of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells while patients with serum Th2 cytokine profile present directly proportional parasitaemia to the increase in number of Th1 and Th2 cells. Regarding the number of platelets, patients with serum Th1 cytokine profile show a correlation directly proportional to the Th17 sub-population. In contrast, platelet counts are directly proportional only to Treg and activated Treg cells in patients with serum Th2 cytokine profile.

Conclusions

During the P. vivax infection patients with serum Th1 versus Th2 cytokine profile present different biological mechanisms for activating the immune system against parasite load.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Analysis of the lymphocyte cell population during malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and its correlation with parasitaemia and thrombocytopaenia
Authors
Samantha Soares Ourives
Quessi Irias Borges
Diego Sampaio Arantes dos Santos
Eponina Cláudia Magalhães Melo
Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza
Amílcar Sabino Damazo
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2443-x

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