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Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Investigation of mechanisms of bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Authors: Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Rodolphe Poupardin, Billy Fossog Tene, Edmond Kopya, Carlo Costantini, Parfait Awono-Ambene, Charles S. Wondji

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Resistance to the carbamate insecticide bendiocarb is emerging in Anopheles gambiae populations from the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon. However, the molecular basis of this resistance remains uncharacterized. The present study objective is to investigate mechanisms promoting resistance to bendiocarb in An. gambiae populations from Yaoundé.

Methods

The level of susceptibility of An. gambiae s.l. to bendiocarb 0.1 % was assessed from 2010 to 2013 using bioassays. Mosquitoes resistant to bendiocarb, unexposed and susceptible mosquitoes were screened for the presence of the Ace-1R mutation using TaqMan assays. Microarray analyses were performed to assess the pattern of genes differentially expressed between resistant, unexposed and susceptible.

Results

Bendiocarb resistance was more prevalent in mosquitoes originating from cultivated sites compared to those from polluted and unpolluted sites. Both An. gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii were found to display resistance to bendiocarb. No G119S mutation was detected suggesting that resistance was mainly metabolic. Microarray analysis revealed the over-expression of several cytochrome P450 s genes including cyp6z3, cyp6z1, cyp12f2, cyp6m3 and cyp6p4. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis supported the detoxification role of cytochrome P450 s with several GO terms associated with P450 activity significantly enriched in resistant samples. Other detoxification genes included UDP-glucosyl transferases, glutathione-S transferases and ABC transporters.

Conclusion

The study highlights the probable implication of metabolic mechanisms in bendiocarb resistance in An. gambiae populations from Yaoundé and stresses the need for further studies leading to functional validation of detoxification genes involved in this resistance.
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Metadata
Title
Investigation of mechanisms of bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae populations from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors
Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
Rodolphe Poupardin
Billy Fossog Tene
Edmond Kopya
Carlo Costantini
Parfait Awono-Ambene
Charles S. Wondji
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1483-3

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