Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Case report

Vivax malaria and chloroquine resistance: a neglected disease as an emerging threat

Authors: Anam A Waheed, Najia K Ghanchi, Karim A Rehman, Afsheen Raza, Syed F Mahmood, Mohammad A Beg

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

In Pakistan, Plasmodium vivax contributes to major malaria burden. In this case, a pregnant woman presented with P. vivax infection and which was not cleared by chloroquine, despite adequate treatment. This is probably the first confirmed case of chloroquine-resistant vivax from Pakistan, where severe malaria due to P. vivax is already an emerging problem.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Guerra CA, Howes RE, Patil AP, Gething PW, Van Boeckel TP, Temperley WH, et al. The international limits and population at risk of Plasmodium vivax transmission in 2009. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;4:e774.CrossRef Guerra CA, Howes RE, Patil AP, Gething PW, Van Boeckel TP, Temperley WH, et al. The international limits and population at risk of Plasmodium vivax transmission in 2009. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;4:e774.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Rieckmann KH, Davis DR, Hutton DC. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine? Lancet. 1989;2:1183–4.CrossRefPubMed Rieckmann KH, Davis DR, Hutton DC. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine? Lancet. 1989;2:1183–4.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Price RN, von Seidlein L, Valecha N, Nosten F, Baird JK, White NJ. Global extent of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:982–91.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Price RN, von Seidlein L, Valecha N, Nosten F, Baird JK, White NJ. Global extent of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:982–91.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
5.
go back to reference Hay SI, Guerra CA, Tatem AJ, Noor AM, Snow RW. The global distribution and population at risk of malaria: past, present, and future. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:327–36.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Hay SI, Guerra CA, Tatem AJ, Noor AM, Snow RW. The global distribution and population at risk of malaria: past, present, and future. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:327–36.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
6.
go back to reference Price RN, Tjitra E, Guerra CA, Yeung S, White NJ, Anstey NM. Vivax malaria: neglected and not benign. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:79–87.PubMedCentralPubMed Price RN, Tjitra E, Guerra CA, Yeung S, White NJ, Anstey NM. Vivax malaria: neglected and not benign. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:79–87.PubMedCentralPubMed
7.
go back to reference Goncalves LA, Cravo P, Ferreira MU. Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014;109:53.CrossRef Goncalves LA, Cravo P, Ferreira MU. Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014;109:53.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Garg S, Saxena V, Lumb V, Pakalapati D, Boopathi PA, Subudhi AK, et al. Novel mutations in the antifolate drug resistance marker genes among Plasmodium vivax isolates exhibiting severe manifestations. Exp Parasitol. 2012;132:410–6.CrossRefPubMed Garg S, Saxena V, Lumb V, Pakalapati D, Boopathi PA, Subudhi AK, et al. Novel mutations in the antifolate drug resistance marker genes among Plasmodium vivax isolates exhibiting severe manifestations. Exp Parasitol. 2012;132:410–6.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference WHO. World malaria report 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. WHO. World malaria report 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
10.
go back to reference Baird JK, Sustriayu Nalim MF, Basri H, Masbar S, Leksana B, Tjitra E, et al. Survey of resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax in Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996;90:409–11.CrossRefPubMed Baird JK, Sustriayu Nalim MF, Basri H, Masbar S, Leksana B, Tjitra E, et al. Survey of resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax in Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996;90:409–11.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Suwanarusk R, Russell B, Chavchich M, Chalfein F, Kenangalem E, Kosaisavee V, et al. Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium vivax: in vitro characterization and association with molecular polymorphisms. PLoS One. 2007;2:e1089.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Suwanarusk R, Russell B, Chavchich M, Chalfein F, Kenangalem E, Kosaisavee V, et al. Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium vivax: in vitro characterization and association with molecular polymorphisms. PLoS One. 2007;2:e1089.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
12.
go back to reference Sa JM, Yamamoto MM, Fernandez-Becerra C, de Azevedo MF, Papakrivos J, Naude B, et al. Expression and function of pvcrt-o, a Plasmodium vivax ortholog of pfcrt, in Plasmodium falciparum and Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2006;150:219–28.CrossRefPubMed Sa JM, Yamamoto MM, Fernandez-Becerra C, de Azevedo MF, Papakrivos J, Naude B, et al. Expression and function of pvcrt-o, a Plasmodium vivax ortholog of pfcrt, in Plasmodium falciparum and Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2006;150:219–28.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Raza A, Ghanchi NK, Khan MS, Beg MA. Prevalence of drug resistance associated mutations in Plasmodium vivax against sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in southern Pakistan. Malar J. 2013;12:261.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Raza A, Ghanchi NK, Khan MS, Beg MA. Prevalence of drug resistance associated mutations in Plasmodium vivax against sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in southern Pakistan. Malar J. 2013;12:261.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
14.
go back to reference Hawkins VN, Joshi H, Rungsihirunrat K, Na-Bangchang K, Sibley CH. Antifolates can have a role in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax. Trends Parasitol. 2007;23:213–22.CrossRefPubMed Hawkins VN, Joshi H, Rungsihirunrat K, Na-Bangchang K, Sibley CH. Antifolates can have a role in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax. Trends Parasitol. 2007;23:213–22.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Hastings MD, Maguire JD, Bangs MJ, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC, Baird JK, et al. Novel Plasmodium vivax dhfr alleles from the Indonesian Archipelago and Papua New Guinea: association with pyrimethamine resistance determined by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:733–40.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Hastings MD, Maguire JD, Bangs MJ, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC, Baird JK, et al. Novel Plasmodium vivax dhfr alleles from the Indonesian Archipelago and Papua New Guinea: association with pyrimethamine resistance determined by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:733–40.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
16.
go back to reference Khattak AA, Venkatesan M, Khatoon L, Ouattara A, Kenefic LJ, Nadeem MF, et al. Prevalence and patterns of antifolate and chloroquine drug resistance markers in Plasmodium vivax across Pakistan. Malar J. 2013;12:310.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Khattak AA, Venkatesan M, Khatoon L, Ouattara A, Kenefic LJ, Nadeem MF, et al. Prevalence and patterns of antifolate and chloroquine drug resistance markers in Plasmodium vivax across Pakistan. Malar J. 2013;12:310.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
Metadata
Title
Vivax malaria and chloroquine resistance: a neglected disease as an emerging threat
Authors
Anam A Waheed
Najia K Ghanchi
Karim A Rehman
Afsheen Raza
Syed F Mahmood
Mohammad A Beg
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0660-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Malaria Journal 1/2015 Go to the issue