Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Review

Effects of the lifestyle habits in breast cancer transcriptional regulation

Authors: Marco Allán Pérez-Solis, Guadalupe Maya-Nuñez, Patricia Casas-González, Aleida Olivares, Arturo Aguilar-Rojas

Published in: Cancer Cell International | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Through research carried out in the last 25 years about the breast cancer etiology, it has been possible to estimate that less than 10 % of patients who are diagnosed with the condition are carriers of some germline or somatic mutation. The clinical reports of breast cancer patients with healthy twins and the development of disease in women without high penetrance mutations detected, warn the participation more factors in the transformation process. The high incidence of mammary adenocarcinoma in the modern woman and the urgent need for new methods of prevention and early detection have demanded more information about the role that environment and lifestyle have on the transformation of mammary gland epithelial cells. Obesity, alcoholism and smoking are factors that have shown a close correlation with the risk of developing breast cancer. And although these conditions affect different cell regulation levels, the study of its effects in the mechanisms of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation is considered critical for a better understanding of the loss of identity of epithelial cells during carcinogenesis of this tissue. The main objective of this review was to establish the importance of changes occurring to transcriptional level in the mammary gland as a consequence of acute or chronic exposure to harmful products such as obesity-causing foods, ethanol and cigarette smoke components. At analyze the main studies related to topic, it has concluded that the understanding of effects caused by the lifestyle factors in performance of the transcriptional mechanisms that determine gene expression of the mammary gland epithelial cells, may help explain the development of this disease in women without genetic propensity and different phenotypic manifestations of this cancer type.

Kolonel LN, Altshuler D, Henderson BE. The multiethnic cohort study: exploring genes, lifestyle and cancer risk. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(7):519–27.PubMedCrossRef

Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Tharakan ST, Lai OS, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharm Res. 2008;25(9):2097–116.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Cipollini G, Tommasi S, Paradiso A, Aretini P, Bonatti F, Brunetti I, Bruno M, Lombardi G, Schittulli F, Sensi E, et al. Genetic alterations in hereditary breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(Suppl 1):I7–13.PubMedCrossRef

Watson IR, Takahashi K, Futreal PA, Chin L. Emerging patterns of somatic mutations in cancer. Nat Rev Genet. 2013;14(10):703–18.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Cancer Genome Atlas N. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2012;490(7418):61–70.CrossRef

Ellis MJ, Ding L, Shen D, Luo J, Suman VJ, Wallis JW, Van Tine BA, Hoog J, Goiffon RJ, Goldstein TC, et al. Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition. Nature. 2012;486(7403):353–60.PubMedCentralPubMed

Hall JM, Lee MK, Newman B, Morrow JE, Anderson LA, Huey B, King MC. Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21. Science. 1990;250(4988):1684–9.PubMedCrossRef

Vazquez ME, Caamano AM, Mascarenas JL. From transcription factors to designed sequence-specific DNA-binding peptides. Chem Soc Rev. 2003;32(6):338–49.PubMedCrossRef

Croce CM. Oncogenes and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(5):502–11.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Yang J, Chen Z, Liu Y, Hickey RJ, Malkas LH. Altered DNA polymerase iota expression in breast cancer cells leads to a reduction in DNA replication fidelity and a higher rate of mutagenesis. Cancer Res. 2004;64(16):5597–607.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Jackson AL, Loeb LA. The contribution of endogenous sources of DNA damage to the multiple mutations in cancer. Mutat Res. 2001;477(1–2):7–21.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Loeb KR, Loeb LA. Significance of multiple mutations in cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2000;21(3):379–85.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Martin AM, Weber BL. Genetic and hormonal risk factors in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(14):1126–35.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Berrino F, Muti P, Micheli A, Bolelli G, Krogh V, Sciajno R, Pisani P, Panico S, Secreto G. Serum sex hormone levels after menopause and subsequent breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88(5):291–6.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Deslypere JP, Verdonck L, Vermeulen A. Fat tissue: a steroid reservoir and site of steroid metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;61(3):564–70.PubMedCrossRef

16.

Schapira DV, Kumar NB, Lyman GH. Obesity, body fat distribution, and sex hormones in breast cancer patients. Cancer. 1991;67(8):2215–8.PubMedCrossRef

17.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Cancer IAfRo. Allyl compounds, aldehydes, epoxides, and peroxides, vol. 36. France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, c1985; 1985.

18.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Cancer IAfRo. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs, vol. 1–42 Supplement 7. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization; 1987.

19.

Terry MB, Gammon MD, Zhang FF, Knight JA, Wang Q, Britton JA, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella RM. ADH3 genotype, alcohol intake and breast cancer risk. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27(4):840–7.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Luo J, Margolis KL, Wactawski-Wende J, Horn K, Messina C, Stefanick ML, Tindle HA, Tong E, Rohan TE. Association of active and passive smoking with risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011;342:d1016.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

21.

Miller MD, Marty MA, Broadwin R, Johnson KC, Salmon AG, Winder B, Steinmaus C. The association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and breast cancer: a review by the California Environmental Protection Agency. Prev Med. 2007;44(2):93–106.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Li D, Wang M, Dhingra K, Hittelman WN. Aromatic DNA adducts in adjacent tissues of breast cancer patients: clues to breast cancer etiology. Cancer Res. 1996;56(2):287–93.PubMed

23.

Martin FL, Venitt S, Carmichael PL, Crofton-Sleigh C, Stone EM, Cole KJ, Gusterson BA, Grover PL, Phillips DH. DNA damage in breast epithelial cells: detection by the single-cell gel (comet) assay and induction by human mammary lipid extracts. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18(12):2299–305.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Perera FP, Estabrook A, Hewer A, Channing K, Rundle A, Mooney LA, Whyatt R, Phillips DH. Carcinogen-DNA adducts in human breast tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4(3):233–8.PubMed

25.

Lee CH, Huang CS, Chen CS, Tu SH, Wang YJ, Chang YJ, Tam KW, Wei PL, Cheng TC, Chu JS, et al. Overexpression and activation of the alpha9-nicotinic receptor during tumorigenesis in human breast epithelial cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102(17):1322–35.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Miller ME, Holloway AC, Foster WG. Benzo-[a]-pyrene increases invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via increased COX-II expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) output. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2005;22(2):149–56.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Upham BL, Blaha L, Babica P, Park JS, Sovadinova I, Pudrith C, Rummel AM, Weis LM, Sai K, Tithof PK, et al. Tumor promoting properties of a cigarette smoke prevalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as indicated by the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication via phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C. Cancer Sci. 2008;99(4):696–705.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

28.

Einolf HJ, Amin S, Yagi H, Jerina DM, Baird WM. Benzo[c]phenanthrene is activated to DNA-binding diol epoxides in the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 but only limited activation occurs in mouse skin. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17(10):2237–44.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Whyte WA, Orlando DA, Hnisz D, Abraham BJ, Lin CY, Kagey MH, Rahl PB, Lee TI, Young RA. Master transcription factors and mediator establish super-enhancers at key cell identity genes. Cell. 2013;153(2):307–19.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

30.

Hnisz D, Abraham BJ, Lee TI, Lau A, Saint-Andre V, Sigova AA, Hoke HA, Young RA. Super-enhancers in the control of cell identity and disease. Cell. 2013;155(4):934–47.PubMedCrossRef

31.

Hopp TA, Fuqua SA. Estrogen receptor variants. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1998;3(1):73–83.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Tripathy D, Benz C. Activated oncogenes and putative tumor suppressor genes involved in human breast cancer. In: Benz C, Liu ET, editors. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in human malignancies (Cancer treatment and research). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993. p. 15–60.CrossRef

33.

Varley JM, Armour J, Swallow JE, Jeffreys AJ, Ponder BA, T’Ang A, Fung YK, Brammar WJ, Walker RA. The retinoblastoma gene is frequently altered leading to loss of expression in primary breast tumours. Oncogene. 1989;4(6):725–9.PubMed

34.

Chen X, Xu H, Yuan P, Fang F, Huss M, Vega VB, Wong E, Orlov YL, Zhang W, Jiang J, et al. Integration of external signaling pathways with the core transcriptional network in embryonic stem cells. Cell. 2008;133(6):1106–17.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Loven J, Hoke HA, Lin CY, Lau A, Orlando DA, Vakoc CR, Bradner JE, Lee TI, Young RA. Selective inhibition of tumor oncogenes by disruption of super-enhancers. Cell. 2013;153(2):320–34.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

36.

Moreno-Bueno G, Cubillo E, Sarrio D, Peinado H, Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, Villa S, Bolos V, Jorda M, Fabra A, Portillo F, et al. Genetic profiling of epithelial cells expressing E-cadherin repressors reveals a distinct role for Snail, Slug, and E47 factors in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res. 2006;66(19):9543–56.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Yang J, Mani SA, Donaher JL, Ramaswamy S, Itzykson RA, Come C, Savagner P, Gitelman I, Richardson A, Weinberg RA. Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumor metastasis. Cell. 2004;117(7):927–39.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Martin TA, Goyal A, Watkins G, Jiang WG. Expression of the transcription factors snail, slug, and twist and their clinical significance in human breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12(6):488–96.PubMedCrossRef

39.

Hajra KM, Chen DY, Fearon ER. The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2002;62(6):1613–8.PubMed

40.

Brown KA, McInnes KJ, Hunger NI, Oakhill JS, Steinberg GR, Simpson ER. Subcellular localization of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 2 provides a link between obesity and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Res. 2009;69(13):5392–9.PubMedCrossRef

41.

Catalano S, Marsico S, Giordano C, Mauro L, Rizza P, Panno ML, Ando S. Leptin enhances, via AP-1, expression of aromatase in the MCF-7 cell line. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(31):28668–76.PubMedCrossRef

42.

Dieudonne MN, Bussiere M, Dos Santos E, Leneveu MC, Giudicelli Y, Pecquery R. Adiponectin mediates antiproliferative and apoptotic responses in human MCF7 breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;345(1):271–9.PubMedCrossRef

43.

Wu MH, Chou YC, Chou WY, Hsu GC, Chu CH, Yu CP, Yu JC, Sun CA. Circulating levels of leptin, adiposity and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(4):578–82.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

44.

Vona-Davis L, Rose DP. Adipokines as endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors in breast cancer risk and progression. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007;14(2):189–206.PubMedCrossRef

45.

Bulun SE, Mahendroo MS, Simpson ER. Aromatase gene expression in adipose tissue: relationship to breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1994;49(4–6):319–26.PubMedCrossRef

46.

Jansson D, Ng AC, Fu A, Depatie C, Al Azzabi M, Screaton RA. Glucose controls CREB activity in islet cells via regulated phosphorylation of TORC2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(29):10161–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

47.

Barone I, Catalano S, Gelsomino L, Marsico S, Giordano C, Panza S, Bonofiglio D, Bossi G, Covington KR, Fuqua SA, et al. Leptin mediates tumor-stromal interactions that promote the invasive growth of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2012;72(6):1416–27.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

48.

Mauro L, Catalano S, Bossi G, Pellegrino M, Barone I, Morales S, Giordano C, Bartella V, Casaburi I, Ando S. Evidences that leptin up-regulates E-cadherin expression in breast cancer: effects on tumor growth and progression. Cancer Res. 2007;67(7):3412–21.PubMedCrossRef

49.

Safe S, Kim K. Non-classical genomic estrogen receptor (ER)/specificity protein and ER/activating protein-1 signaling pathways. J Mol Endocrinol. 2008;41(5):263–75.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

50.

Petri AL, Tjonneland A, Gamborg M, Johansen D, Hoidrup S, Sorensen TI, Gronbaek M. Alcohol intake, type of beverage, and risk of breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004;28(7):1084–90.PubMedCrossRef

51.

Singletary KW, Gapstur SM. Alcohol and breast cancer: review of epidemiologic and experimental evidence and potential mechanisms. JAMA. 2001;286(17):2143–51.PubMedCrossRef

52.

Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Holmberg L, Howe GR, Marshall JR, et al. Alcohol and breast cancer in women: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. JAMA. 1998;279(7):535–40.PubMedCrossRef

53.

Etique N, Chardard D, Chesnel A, Merlin JL, Flament S, Grillier-Vuissoz I. Ethanol stimulates proliferation, ERalpha and aromatase expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med. 2004;13(1):149–55.PubMed

54.

Singletary KW, Frey RS, Yan W. Effect of ethanol on proliferation and estrogen receptor-alpha expression in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2001;165(2):131–7.PubMedCrossRef

55.

Wong AW, Dunlap SM, Holcomb VB, Nunez NP. Alcohol promotes mammary tumor development via the estrogen pathway in estrogen receptor alpha-negative HER2/neu mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012;36(4):577–87.PubMedCrossRef

56.

Chen S, Itoh T, Wu K, Zhou D, Yang C. Transcriptional regulation of aromatase expression in human breast tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002;83(1–5):93–9.PubMedCrossRef

57.

Blumenthal RS, Flinn IW, Proske O, Jackson DG, Tena RG, Mitchell MC, Feldman AM. Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on cardiac receptor-adenylyl cyclase coupling: studies in cultured embryonic chick myocytes and ethanol fed rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991;15(6):1077–83.PubMedCrossRef

58.

Nagy LE, DeSilva SE. Ethanol increases receptor-dependent cyclic AMP production in cultured hepatocytes by decreasing G(i)-mediated inhibition. Biochem J. 1992;286(Pt 3):681–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

59.

Yoshimura M, Pearson S, Kadota Y, Gonzalez CE. Identification of ethanol responsive domains of adenylyl cyclase. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006;30(11):1824–32.PubMedCrossRef

60.

Willmarth NE, Ethier SP. Amphiregulin as a novel target for breast cancer therapy. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2008;13(2):171–9.PubMedCrossRef

61.

Meng Q, Gao B, Goldberg ID, Rosen EM, Fan S. Stimulation of cell invasion and migration by alcohol in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;273(2):448–53.PubMedCrossRef

62.

Bates SE, Davidson NE, Valverius EM, Freter CE, Dickson RB, Tam JP, Kudlow JE, Lippman ME, Salomon DS. Expression of transforming growth factor alpha and its messenger ribonucleic acid in human breast cancer: its regulation by estrogen and its possible functional significance. Mol Endocrinol. 1988;2(6):543–55.PubMedCrossRef

63.

Ciarloni L, Mallepell S, Brisken C. Amphiregulin is an essential mediator of estrogen receptor alpha function in mammary gland development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(13):5455–60.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

64.

Kenney NJ, Saeki T, Gottardis M, Kim N, Garcia-Morales P, Martin MB, Normanno N, Ciardiello F, Day A, Cutler ML, et al. Expression of transforming growth factor alpha antisense mRNA inhibits the estrogen-induced production of TGF alpha and estrogen-induced proliferation of estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol. 1993;156(3):497–514.PubMedCrossRef

65.

Filardo EJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation by estrogen via the G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR30: a novel signaling pathway with potential significance for breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002;80(2):231–8.PubMedCrossRef

66.

Levin ER, Pietras RJ. Estrogen receptors outside the nucleus in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;108(3):351–61.PubMedCrossRef

67.

Biswas DK, Iglehart JD. Linkage between EGFR family receptors and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2006;209(3):645–52.PubMedCrossRef

68.

Etique N, Flament S, Lecomte J, Grillier-Vuissoz I. Ethanol-induced ligand-independent activation of ERalpha mediated by cyclic AMP/PKA signaling pathway: an in vitro study on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2007;31(6):1509–18.PubMed

69.

Dubik D, Shiu RP. Mechanism of estrogen activation of c-myc oncogene expression. Oncogene. 1992;7(8):1587–94.PubMed

70.

Kerkhoff E, Houben R, Loffler S, Troppmair J, Lee JE, Rapp UR. Regulation of c-myc expression by Ras/Raf signalling. Oncogene. 1998;16(2):211–6.PubMedCrossRef

71.

Gompel A, Somai S, Chaouat M, Kazem A, Kloosterboer HJ, Beusman I, Forgez P, Mimoun M, Rostene W. Hormonal regulation of apoptosis in breast cells and tissues. Steroids. 2000;65(10–11):593–8.PubMedCrossRef

72.

Kumar R, Mandal M, Lipton A, Harvey H, Thompson CB. Overexpression of HER2 modulates bcl-2, bcl-XL, and tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2(7):1215–9.PubMed

73.

Liu Y, Ao X, Jia Z, Bai XY, Xu Z, Hu G, Jiang X, Chen M, Wu H. FOXK2 transcription factor suppresses ERα-positive breast cancer cell growth through down-regulating the stability of ERα via mechanism involving BRCA1/BARD1. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8796.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

74.

Shi Y, Tao Y, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Yan B, Chen X, Xiao L, Cao Y. Nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor interacts with transcriptional intermediary factor 2 to activate cyclin D1 gene expression triggered by the oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1. Carcinogenesis. 2012;33(8):1468–78.PubMedCrossRef

75.

Lange CA, Richer JK, Shen T, Horwitz KB. Convergence of progesterone and epidermal growth factor signaling in breast cancer. Potentiation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(47):31308–16.PubMedCrossRef

76.

Zhou Q, Davidson NE. Silencing estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006;5(7):848–9.PubMedCrossRef

77.

Cicatiello L, Addeo R, Sasso A, Altucci L, Petrizzi VB, Borgo R, Cancemi M, Caporali S, Caristi S, Scafoglio C, et al. Estrogens and progesterone promote persistent CCND1 gene activation during G1 by inducing transcriptional derepression via c-Jun/c-Fos/estrogen receptor (progesterone receptor) complex assembly to a distal regulatory element and recruitment of cyclin D1 to its own gene promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24(16):7260–74.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

78.

Joo CK, Kim HS, Park JY, Seomun Y, Son MJ, Kim JT. Ligand release-independent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor by transforming growth factor-beta involves multiple signaling pathways. Oncogene. 2008;27(5):614–28.PubMedCrossRef

79.

Fearon ER. Connecting estrogen receptor function, transcriptional repression, and E-cadherin expression in breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 2003;3(4):307–10.PubMedCrossRef

80.

Fan S, Meng Q, Gao B, Grossman J, Yadegari M, Goldberg ID, Rosen EM. Alcohol stimulates estrogen receptor signaling in human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 2000;60(20):5635–9.PubMed

81.

Fan S, Wang J, Yuan R, Ma Y, Meng Q, Erdos MR, Pestell RG, Yuan F, Auborn KJ, Goldberg ID, et al. BRCA1 inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling in transfected cells. Science. 1999;284(5418):1354–6.PubMedCrossRef

82.

Miki Y, Swensen J, Shattuck-Eidens D, Futreal PA, Harshman K, Tavtigian S, Liu Q, Cochran C, Bennett LM, Ding W, et al. A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Science. 1994;266(5182):66–71.PubMedCrossRef

83.

Halsted CH, Villanueva JA, Devlin AM, Niemela O, Parkkila S, Garrow TA, Wallock LM, Shigenaga MK, Melnyk S, James SJ. Folate deficiency disturbs hepatic methionine metabolism and promotes liver injury in the ethanol-fed micropig. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99(15):10072–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

84.

Savage D, Lindenbaum J. Anemia in alcoholics. Medicine. 1986;65(5):322–38.PubMedCrossRef

85.

Wani NA, Nada R, Kaur J. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of folate transport in rat pancreas; interference with ethanol ingestion. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28599.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

86.

Christensen BC, Kelsey KT, Zheng S, Houseman EA, Marsit CJ, Wrensch MR, Wiemels JL, Nelson HH, Karagas MR, Kushi LH, et al. Breast cancer DNA methylation profiles are associated with tumor size and alcohol and folate intake. PLoS Genet. 2010;6(7):e1001043.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

87.

Hamid A, Wani NA, Kaur J. New perspectives on folate transport in relation to alcoholism-induced folate malabsorption–association with epigenome stability and cancer development. FEBS J. 2009;276(8):2175–91.PubMedCrossRef

88.

Giovannucci E. Alcohol, one-carbon metabolism, and colorectal cancer: recent insights from molecular studies. J Nutr. 2004;134(9):2475S–81S.PubMed

89.

Portela A, Esteller M. Epigenetic modifications and human disease. Nat Biotechnol. 2010;28(10):1057–68.PubMedCrossRef

90.

Zhu K, Davidson NE, Hunter S, Yang X, Payne-Wilks K, Roland CL, Phillips D, Bentley C, Dai M, Williams SM. Methyl-group dietary intake and risk of breast cancer among African-American women: a case-control study by methylation status of the estrogen receptor alpha genes. Cancer Causes Control. 2003;14(9):827–36.PubMedCrossRef

91.

Lopatina NG, Vanyushin BF, Cronin GM, Poirier LA. Elevated expression and altered pattern of activity of DNA methyltransferase in liver tumors of rats fed methyl-deficient diets. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19(10):1777–81.PubMedCrossRef

92.

Di Cello F, Flowers VL, Li H, Vecchio-Pagan B, Gordon B, Harbom K, Shin J, Beaty R, Wang W, Brayton C, et al. Cigarette smoke induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and increases the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 2013;12:90.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

93.

Grober OM, Mutarelli M, Giurato G, Ravo M, Cicatiello L, De Filippo MR, Ferraro L, Nassa G, Papa MF, Paris O, et al. Global analysis of estrogen receptor beta binding to breast cancer cell genome reveals an extensive interplay with estrogen receptor alpha for target gene regulation. BMC Genom. 2011;12:36.CrossRef

94.

Paris O, Ferraro L, Grober OM, Ravo M, De Filippo MR, Giurato G, Nassa G, Tarallo R, Cantarella C, Rizzo F, et al. Direct regulation of microRNA biogenesis and expression by estrogen receptor beta in hormone-responsive breast cancer. Oncogene. 2012;31(38):4196–206.PubMedCrossRef

95.

Connors SK, Balusu R, Kundu CN, Jaiswal AS, Gairola CG, Narayan S. C/EBPbeta-mediated transcriptional regulation of bcl-xl gene expression in human breast epithelial cells in response to cigarette smoke condensate. Oncogene. 2009;28(6):921–32.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

96.

Olopade OI, Adeyanju MO, Safa AR, Hagos F, Mick R, Thompson CB, Recant WM. Overexpression of BCL-x protein in primary breast cancer is associated with high tumor grade and nodal metastases. Cancer J Sci Am. 1997;3(4):230–7.PubMed

97.

Albuquerque EX, Pereira EF, Castro NG, Alkondon M, Reinhardt S, Schroder H, Maelicke A. Nicotinic receptor function in the mammalian central nervous system. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1995;757:48–72.PubMedCrossRef

98.

Guo J, Ibaragi S, Zhu T, Luo LY, Hu GF, Huppi PS, Chen CY. Nicotine promotes mammary tumor migration via a signaling cascade involving protein kinase C and CDC42. Cancer Res. 2008;68(20):8473–81.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

99.

Minna JD. Nicotine exposure and bronchial epithelial cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(1):31–3.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

100.

Shin VY, Wu WK, Chu KM, Wong HP, Lam EK, Tai EK, Koo MW, Cho CH. Nicotine induces cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in association with tumor-associated invasion and angiogenesis in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2005;3(11):607–15.PubMedCrossRef

101.

Nishioka T, Kim HS, Luo LY, Huang Y, Guo J, Chen CY. Sensitization of epithelial growth factor receptors by nicotine exposure to promote breast cancer cell growth. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(6):R113.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

102.

Lichtenstein P, Holm NV, Verkasalo PK, Iliadou A, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Pukkala E, Skytthe A, Hemminki K. Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer–analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(2):78–85.PubMedCrossRef

103.

Endogenous H, Breast Cancer Collaborative G, Key TJ, Appleby PN, Reeves GK, Roddam AW, Helzlsouer KJ, Alberg AJ, Rollison DE, Dorgan JF, et al. Circulating sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of 13 studies. Br J Cancer. 2011;105(5):709–22.CrossRef

Title: Effects of the lifestyle habits in breast cancer transcriptional regulation
Authors: Marco Allán Pérez-Solis
Guadalupe Maya-Nuñez
Patricia Casas-González
Aleida Olivares
Arturo Aguilar-Rojas
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Cancer Cell International / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2867
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-016-0284-7

Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras

Prof. Fabrice Barlesi

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Molecular mechanism leading to SAHA-induced autophagy in tumor cells: evidence for a p53-dependent pathway

Suppression of Spry4 enhances cancer stem cell properties of human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells

The availability of the embryonic TGF-β protein Nodal is dynamically regulated during glioblastoma multiforme tumorigenesis

Zinc induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer H460 cells via superoxide anion-dependent mechanism

Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis selectively in different types of human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal mitochondrial death pathway

Basigin-2 upregulated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand enhances lung cancer-induced osteolytic lesions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer