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Open Access 01-12-2017 | Original investigation

Serum levels of interleukin-22, cardiometabolic risk factors and incident type 2 diabetes: KORA F4/FF4 study

Authors: Christian Herder, Julia M. Kannenberg, Maren Carstensen-Kirberg, Cornelia Huth, Christa Meisinger, Wolfgang Koenig, Annette Peters, Wolfgang Rathmann, Michael Roden, Barbara Thorand

Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Aims

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has beneficial effects on body weight, insulin resistance and inflammation in different mouse models, but its relevance for the development of type 2 diabetes in humans is unknown. We aimed to identify correlates of serum IL-22 levels and to test the hypothesis that higher IL-22 levels are associated with lower diabetes incidence.

Methods

Cross-sectional associations between serum IL-22, cardiometabolic risk factors and glucose tolerance status were investigated in 1107 persons of the population-based KORA F4 study. The prospective association between serum IL-22 and incident type 2 diabetes was assessed in 504 initially non-diabetic study participants in both the KORA F4 study and its 7-year follow-up examination KORA FF4, 76 of whom developed diabetes.

Results

Male sex, current smoking, lower HDL cholesterol, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were associated with higher IL-22 levels after adjustment for confounders (all P < 0.05). Serum IL-22 showed no associations with glucose tolerance status, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. Baseline serum IL-22 levels (median, 25th/75th percentiles) for incident type 2 diabetes cases and non-cases were 6.28 (1.95; 12.35) and 6.45 (1.95; 11.80) pg/ml, respectively (age and sex-adjusted P = 0.744). The age and sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) per doubling of IL-22 for incident type 2 diabetes of 1.02 (0.85; 1.23) was almost unchanged after consideration of further confounders.

Conclusions

High serum levels of IL-22 were positively rather than inversely associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors. However, these associations did not translate into an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Thus, our data argue against the utility of IL-22 as biomarker for prevalent or incident type 2 diabetes in humans, but identify potential determinants of IL-22 levels which merits further research in the context of cardiovascular diseases.

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Title: Serum levels of interleukin-22, cardiometabolic risk factors and incident type 2 diabetes: KORA F4/FF4 study
Authors: Christian Herder
Julia M. Kannenberg
Maren Carstensen-Kirberg
Cornelia Huth
Christa Meisinger
Wolfgang Koenig
Annette Peters
Wolfgang Rathmann
Michael Roden
Barbara Thorand
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2840
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0498-6

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