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Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Dual polarization of human alveolar macrophages progressively increases with smoking and COPD severity

Authors: Erica Bazzan, Graziella Turato, Mariaenrica Tinè, Claudia M. Radu, Elisabetta Balestro, Chiara Rigobello, Davide Biondini, Marco Schiavon, Francesca Lunardi, Simonetta Baraldo, Federico Rea, Paolo Simioni, Fiorella Calabrese, Marina Saetta, Manuel G. Cosio

Published in: Respiratory Research | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Background

It is known that tissue macrophages derive not only from blood monocytes but also from yolk sac or fetal liver, and the tissue of residence guides their function. When isolated, they lose tissue specific signatures, hence studies of human macrophages should be ideally done directly in the tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate directly in human lung tissue the polarization of alveolar macrophage (AM), classic (M1) or alternative (M2), in health and disease, using COPD as a model.

Methods

Surgical lungs from 53 subjects were studied: 36 smokers whose FEV₁ varied from normal to severe COPD, 11 non-smokers and 6 normal donors. iNOS and CD206 immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the percentage of AM polarized as M1 or M2 in lung sections.

Results and Discussion

The percentage of M1 and M2 increased progressively with smoking and COPD severity, from 26% to 84% for M1 and from 7% to 78% for M2. In donors 74% of AM were negative for M1 and 93% for M2. Confocal microscopy showed co-localization of M1 and M2 in the same AM in severe COPD.

Conclusion

In normal lungs alveolar macrophages were mostly non-polarized. With smoking and COPD severity, M1 and M2 polarization increased significantly and so did the co-expression of M1 and M2 in the same alveolar macrophage.

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Title: Dual polarization of human alveolar macrophages progressively increases with smoking and COPD severity
Authors: Erica Bazzan
Graziella Turato
Mariaenrica Tinè
Claudia M. Radu
Elisabetta Balestro
Chiara Rigobello
Davide Biondini
Marco Schiavon
Francesca Lunardi
Simonetta Baraldo
Federico Rea
Paolo Simioni
Fiorella Calabrese
Marina Saetta
Manuel G. Cosio
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Respiratory Research / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1465-993X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-017-0522-0

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