Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil and carvacrol bioactive against planktonic and biofilm of oxacillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Authors: Sara Edwirgens Costa Benício Vasconcelos, Hider Machado Melo, Theodora Thays Arruda Cavalcante, Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior, Mário Geraldo de Carvalho, Francisca Gleire Rodrigues Menezes, Oscarina Viana de Sousa, Renata Albuquerque Costa

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a worldwide concern and in order to find an alternative to this problem, the occurrence of antimicrobial compounds in Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil was investigated. Thus, this study aims to determine susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food to antibiotics, P. amboinicus essential oil (PAEO) and carvacrol.

Methods

Leaves and stem of P. amboinicus were used for extraction of essential oil (PAEO) by hydrodistillation technique and EO chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. S. aureus strains (n = 35) isolated from food and S. aureus ATCC 6538 were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of PAEO and carvacrol. All strains (n = 35) were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility profile by disk diffusion method. Determination of MIC and MBC was performed by microdilution technique and antibiofilm activity was determined by microtiter-plate technique with crystal violet assay and counting viable cells in Colony Forming Units (CFU).

Results

Carvacrol (88.17%) was the major component in the PAEO. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 28 S. aureus strains (80%) and 12 strains (34.3%) were oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant (OVRSA). From the 28 resistant strains, 7 (25%) showed resistance plasmid of 12,000 bp. All strains (n = 35) were sensitive to PAEO and carvacrol, with inhibition zones ranging from 16 to 38 mm and 23 to 42 mm, respectively. The lowest MIC (0.25 mg mL−1) and MBC (0.5 mg mL−1) values were observed when carvacrol was used against OVRSA. When a 0.5 mg mL−1 concentration of PAEO and carvacrol was used, no viable cells were found on S. aureus biofilm.

Conclusion

The antibacterial effect of carvacrol and PAEO proves to be a possible alternative against planktonic forms and staphylococcal biofilm.
Literature
1.
Ayele Y, Gutema FD, Edao BM, Girma R, Tufa TB, Beyene TJ, Tadesse F, Geloye M, Beyi AF. Assessment of Staphylococcus aureus along milk value chain and its public health importance in Sebeta, central Oromia, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17:141.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Song M, Bai Y, Xu J, Carter MQ, Shi C, Shi X. Genetic diversity and virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolates form raw and processed food commodities in shanghai. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015;195:1–8.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Arfatahery N, Davoodabadi A, Abedimohtasab T. Characterization of toxin genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in fishery products in Iran. Sci Rep. 2016;6:34216.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Cheng VC, Wong SC, Ho PL, Yuen KY. Strategic measures for the control of surging antimicrobial resistance in Hong Kong and mainland of China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2015;4:e8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Roca I, Akova M, Baquero F, Carlet J, Cavaleri M, Coenen S, Cohen J, Findlay D, Gyssens I, Heuer OE, Kahlmeter G, Kruse H, Laxminarayan R, Liébana E, López-Cerero L, MacGowan A, Martins M, Rodríguez-Baño J, Rolain JM, Segovia C, Sigauque B, Tacconelli E, Wellington E, Vila J. The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: science for intervention. New Microbes New Infect. 2015;6:22–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Di Cesare A, Luna GM, Vignaroli C, Pasquaroli S, Tota S, Paroncini P, Biavasco F. Aquaculture can promote the presence and spread of antibiotic-resistant Enterococci in marine sediments. PlosOne. 2013;8:e62838.CrossRef
7.
Tajbakhsh E, Khamesipour F, Ranjbar R, Ugwu IC. Prevalence of class 1 and 2 Integrons in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from aquaculture water in ChaharmahalVaBakhtiari province, Iran. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2015;14:27.CrossRef
8.
Yang Q, Tian T, Niu T, Wang P. Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in cultivable multidrug-resistant bacteria from livestock manure. Environ Pollut. 2017;229:188–98.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzing EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Pollinger JM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Bochkov V, Mihovilovic MD, Kopp B, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. Biotechnol Adv. 2015;33:1582–614.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Waldia S, Joshi BC, Pathak U, Joshi MC. The genus Plecthanthus in India and its chemistry. Chem Biodivers. 2011;8:244–52.CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
Kiraithe MN, Nguta JM, Mbaria JM, Kiama SG. Evaluation of the use of Ocimum Suave Willd. (Lamiaceae), Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae) and Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. (Rutaceae) as antimalarial remedies in Kenyan folk medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;178:266–71.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Crevelin EJ, Caixeta SC, Dias HJ, Groppo M, Cunha WR, Martins CH, Crotti AE. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Plectranthus neochilus against Cariogenic bacteria. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:102317.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Swamy MK, Arumugam G, Kaur R, Ghasemzadeh A, Yusoff MM, Sinniah UR. GC-MS based metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different solvent extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus leaves. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:1517683.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Arumugam G, Swamy MK, Sinniah UR. Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) Spreng: botanical, Phytochemical, pharmacological and nutritional significance. Molecules. 2016;21:369.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Swamy MK, Akhtar MS, Sinniah UR. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils against human pathogens and their mode of action: an updated review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;3012462
17.
Santos NO, Mariane B, Lago JHG, Sartorelli P, Rosa W, Soares MG, Silva AM, Lorenzi H, Vallim MA, Pascon RC. Assessing the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Brazilian plants—Eremanthus erythropappus (Asteraceae), Plectrantuns barbatus, and P. amboinicus (Lamiaceae). Molecules. 2015;20:8440–52.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Oliveira FF, Torres AF, Gonçalves TB, Santiago GM, Carvalho CB, Aguiar MB, Camara LM, Rabenhorst SH, Martins AM, Valença Junior JT, Nagao-Dias AT. Efficacy of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng in a murine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin abscesses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:291592.
19.
CLSI. Clinical and laboratory standards institute, Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-fifth informational supplement, vol. M100-S25; 2012. p. 25–3.
20.
Adams RP. Identification of essential oils by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Carol Stream: Allured Publishing Corporation; 2007.
21.
Stepanovic S, Vukovic D, Dakic I, Savic B, Svabic-vlahovic M. A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods. 2000;40:175–9.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Cavalcante TT, Anderson Matias da Rocha B, Alves Carneiro V, Vassiliepe Sousa Arruda F, Fernandes do Nascimento AS, Cardoso Sá N, do Nascimento KS, Sousa Cavada B, Holanda Teixeira E. Effect of Lectins from DiocleinaeSubtribe against oral Streptococci. Molecules. 2011;16:3530–43.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Baumgartner A, Niederhauser I, Johler S. Virulence and resistance gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods. J Food Prot. 2014;77:1232–6.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Patchanee P, Tadee P, Arjkumpa O, Love D, Chanachai K, Alter T, Hinjoy S, Tharavichitkul P. Occurrence and characterization of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig industries of northern Thailand. J Vet Sci. 2014;15:529–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Noor R, Hasan MF, Rahman MM. Molecular characterization of the virulent microorganisms along with their drug-resistance traits associated with the export quality frozen shrimps in Bangladesh. Springerplus. 2014;3:469.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Dumitrescu O, Dauwalder O, Boisset S, Reverdy MÉ, Tristan A, Vandenesch F. Résistance aux antibiotiques chez Staphylococcus aureus les points-clésen 2010. Med Sci. 2010;26:943–9.
27.
Spagnolo AM, Orlando P, Panatto D, Amicizia D, Perdelli F, Cristina ML. Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in healthcare settings. J Prev Med Hyg. 2014;55:137–44.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Akindolire MA, Babalola OO, Ateba CN. Detection of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus from milk: a public health implication. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12:10254–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Nunes RS, Souza CP, Pereira KS, Del Aguila EM, Paschoalin VM. Identification and molecular phylogeny of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from minas Frescal cheese in southeastern Brazil: Superantigenic toxin production and antibiotic resistance. J Dairy Sci. 2016;16:00084–9.
30.
McCarthy AJ, Lindsay JA. The distribution of plasmids that carry virulence and resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus is lineage associated. BMC Microbiol. 2012;12:104.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Murthy PS, Ramalakshmi K, Srinivas P. Fungitoxic activity of Indian borage (Plectranthusamboinicus) volatiles. Food Chem. 2009;114:1014–8.CrossRef
32.
Senthilkumar A, Venkatesalu V. Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) Spreng against Anopheles stephensi: a malarial vector mosquito. Parasitol Res. 2010;107:1275–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, Pedro LG, Scheffer JJC. Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour Fragr J. 2008;23:213–26.CrossRef
34.
Hyldgaard M, Mygind T, Meyer RL. Essential oils in food preservation: mode of action, synergies, and interactions with food matrix components. Front Microbiol. 2012;3:12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Ajitha B, Ashok Kumar Reddy Y, Sreedhara Reddy P. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014;128:257–62.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Rodrigues FFG, Costa JGM, Rodrigues, FFG, Campos, AR. Study of the interference between Plectranthus species essential oils from Brazil and aminoglycosides. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med.2013;2013:724161.
37.
Hosseinkhani F, Jabalameli F, Banar M, Abdellahi N, Taherikalani M, Leeuwen WB, Emaneini M. Monoterpene isolated from the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi is cytotoxic to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2016;49:172–6.CrossRefPubMed
38.
39.
Soković M, Glamočlija J, Marin PD, Brkić D, Griensven LJLD. Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model. Molecules. 2010;15:7532–46.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Souza EL, Oliveira CEV, Stamford TLM, Conceição ML, Gomes Neto NJ. Influence of carvacrol and thymol on the physiological attributes, enterotoxin production and surface characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods. Braz J Microbiol. 2013;44:29–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Gonçalves TB, Braga MA, Oliveira F, Santiago GMP, Carvalho CBM, Cabral PB, Santiago T, Sousa JS, Barros E, Nascimento RF. Effect of subinihibitory and inhibitory concentrations of Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) Spreng essential oil on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Phytomedicine. 2012;19:962–8.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Espina L, Pagán R, López D, García-Gonzalo D. Individual constituents from essential oils inhibit biofilm mass production by multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 2015;20:11357–72.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Yadav MK, Chae S-W, Im GJ, Chung J-W, Song J-J. Eugenol: a phyto-compound effective against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain biofilms. Plos One. 2015;10(3):e0119564.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Arfa BA, Combes S, Preziosi-Belloy L, Gontard N, Chalier P. Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006;43:149–54.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Cacciatore I, Di Giulio M, Fornasari E, Di Stefano A, Cerasa LS, Marinelli L, et al. Carvacrol Codrugs: a new approach in the antimicrobial plan. PLos One. 2015;10:e0120937.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil and carvacrol bioactive against planktonic and biofilm of oxacillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors
Sara Edwirgens Costa Benício Vasconcelos
Hider Machado Melo
Theodora Thays Arruda Cavalcante
Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior
Mário Geraldo de Carvalho
Francisca Gleire Rodrigues Menezes
Oscarina Viana de Sousa
Renata Albuquerque Costa
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1968-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2017 Go to the issue

Research article

Spasmogenic and spasmolytic activity of rind of Punica granatum Linn

Research article

Natural products isolated from Tetragonula carbonaria cerumen modulate free radical-scavenging and 5-lipoxygenase activities in vitro

Research article

Evaluation of Rumex hastatus leaves against hepatic fibrosis: a rat model

Study protocol

Effects of a Delphi consensus acupuncture treatment protocol on the levels of stress and vascular tone in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization: a randomized clinical trial protocol

Research article

Membrane of Candida albicans as a target of berberine

Research article

Antibacterial, antioxidant and Immuno-modulatory properties in extracts of Barleria lupulina Lindl.