Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Women's Health
Published in: BMC Women's Health 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

Predictors of cervical cancer screening intention of HIV-positive women in the central region of Ghana

Authors: Nancy Innocentia Ebu, Joseph Kwesi Ogah

Published in: BMC Women's Health | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Cervical cancer affects women, especially those with HIV-positive status. This study hypothesised that more HIV-positive women with high cues about cervical cancer screening, high perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, high perceived seriousness of cervical cancer, high perceived benefits of cervical cancer screening, and low perceived barriers about cervical cancer screening have intention to seek cervical cancer screening than HIV-positive women with low cues, low perceived susceptibility, low perceived seriousness, low perceived benefits, and high perceived barriers.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 660 HIV-positive women aged 20 to 65 years using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were summarised using frequencies, percentages and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

The findings showed that 82% (n = 540) of the respondents had intention to seek cervical cancer screening. The determinants of cervical cancer screening intention by HIV-positive women were cues, perceived seriousness and perceived benefits. Specifically, HIV-positive women with high cues were 3.48 times more likely to have intention to screen than those with low cues (95% CI, 1.43–8.49). Those with high perceived seriousness were 2.02 times more likely to have intention to screen than those with low perceived seriousness (95% CI, 1.24–3.30). Similarly, those with high perceived benefits were 1.7 times more likely to have intention to screen than those with low perceived benefits (95% CI, 1.05–2.71). However, perceived susceptibility (p = 0.063, OR 2.57, [95% CI, 0.95–6.93]) and perceived barriers (p = 0.969, OR = 1.01, [95% CI, 0.54–1.88]) were not statistically significant predictors of intention to seek cervical cancer screening in the sample studied.

Conclusions

Cervical cancer screening interventions for HIV-positive women need to have a strong focus on explaining the seriousness of the disease, benefits of screening, and increase cues about screening, as these factors could improve attitude towards cervical cancer screening and promote the health of high risk women.
Literature
1.
Adanu RM, Seffah JD, Duda R, Darko R, Hill A, Anarfi J. Clinic visits and cervical cancer screening in Accra. Ghana Med J. 2010; 44(2).
2.
Bingham A, Bishop A, Coffey P, Winkler J, Bradley J, Dzuba I, Agurto I. Factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer prevention services in low-resource settings. Salud Publica Mex. 2003 Jan;45:408–16.CrossRef
3.
Denny L, Boa R, Williamson AL, Allan B, Hardie D, Stan R, Myer L. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical disease in human immunodeficiency Virus-1–infected women. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jun 1;111(6):1380–7.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Kumakech E, Andersson S, Wabinga H, Berggren V. Integration of HIV and cervical cancer screening perceptions of healthcare providers and policy makers in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2014 Aug 7;14(1):810.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Mupepi SC, Sampselle CM, Johnson TR. Knowledge, attitudes, and demographic factors influencing cervical cancer screening behavior of Zimbabwean women. J Women's Health. 2011 Jun 1;20(6):943–52.CrossRef
6.
Ndiaye C, Alemany L, Ndiaye N, Kamaté B, Diop Y, Odida M, Banjo K, Tous S, Klaustermeier JE, Clavero O, Castellsagué X. Human papillomavirus distribution in invasive cervical carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: could HIV explain the differences? Tropical Med Int Health. 2012Dec 1;17(12):1432–40.CrossRef
7.
Bonnet F, Lewden C, May T, Heripret L, Jougla E, Bevilacqua S, Costagliola D, Salmon D, Chêne G, Morlat P. Malignancy-related causes of death in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Cancer. 2004Jul 15;101(2):317–24.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Holmes RS, Hawes SE, Touré P, Dem A, Feng Q, Weiss NS, Kiviat NB. HIV infection as a risk factor for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Senegal. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009Sep 1;18(9):2442–6.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Atashili J, Smith JS, Adimora AA, Eron J, Miller WC, Myers E. Potential impact of antiretroviral therapy and screening on cervical cancer mortality in HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa: a simulation. PLoS One. 2011Apr 4;6(4):e18527.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Madeddu G, Mameli G, Capobianco G, Babudieri S, Maida I, Bagella P, Rocca G, Cherchi PL, Sechi LA, Zanetti S, Nunnari GHPV. Infection in HIV-positive females: the need for cervical cancer screening including HPV-DNA detection despite successful HAART. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014Apr 1;18(8):1277–85.PubMed
11.
Abotchie PN, Shokar NK. Cervical cancer screening among college students in Ghana: knowledge and health beliefs. Int J Gynecol Cancer: official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society. 2009 Apr;19(3):412.CrossRef
12.
Ebu NI, Mupepi SC, Siakwa MP, Knowledge SCM. Practice, and barriers toward cervical cancer screening in Elmina, southern Ghana. Int J Womens Health. 2015;7:31.PubMed
13.
Williams MS, Amoateng P. Knowledge and beliefs about cervical cancer screening among men in Kumasi. Ghana Ghana Med J. 2012Sep 1;46(3):147–51.PubMed
14.
15.
NACP/GHS/MOH. HIV Sentinel Survey Report 2010. Accra; 2015.
16.
Ghana Health Service. Half year review report. Central Regional Health Directorate; 2015.
17.
Ogah JK. Decision making in the research process: companion to students and beginning researchers: Adwinsa Publications; 2013.
18.
Bryman A. Social research methods. Oxford university press; 2015Dec 3.
19.
Hassani L, Dehdari T, Hajizadeh E, Shojaeizadeh D, Abedini M, Nedjat S. Development of an instrument based on the protection motivation theory to measure factors influencing women’s intention to first pap test practice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014 Jan 1;15(3):1227–32.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Becker MH. The health belief model and personal health behavior. Slack; 1974.
21.
Ajzen I. Fishbein M. Prentice Hall: Understanding attitudes and predicting behaviour; 1975.
22.
Balogun MR, Odukoya OO, Oyediran MA, Ujomu PI. Cervical cancer awareness and preventive practices: a challenge for female urban slum dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria: original research article. Afr J Reprod Health. 2012Mar 1;16(1):75–82.PubMed
23.
Hyacinth HI, Adekeye OA, Ibeh JN, Osoba T. Cervical cancer and pap smear awareness and utilization of pap smear test among federal civil servants in north Central Nigeria. PLoS One. 2012Oct 1;7(10):e46583.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Ogunsiji O, Wilkes L, Peters K, Jackson D. Knowledge, attitudes and usage of cancer screening among west African migrant women. J Clin Nurs. 2013Apr 1;22(7–8):1026–33.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Garland R. The mid-point on a rating scale: is it desirable. Mark Bull. 1991 May;2(1):66–70.
26.
Hoque M, Ibekwe CM, Ntuli-Ngcobo B. Screening and perceived severity of cervical cancer among women attending Mahalapye District hospital, Botswana. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev APJCP 2009Jan 1;10(6):1095–0.
27.
Ezechi OC, Gab-Okafor CV, Ostergren PO, Willingness PKO. Acceptability of cervical cancer screening among HIV positive Nigerian women. BMC Public Health. 2013Jan 17;13(1):46.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Everett T, Bryant A, Griffin MF, Martin-Hirsch PP, Forbes CA, Jepson RG. Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening. Cochrane Libr 2011May 11.
29.
Lyimo FS, Demographic BTN. Knowledge, attitudinal, and accessibility factors associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in a rural district of Tanzania: three public policy implications. BMC Public Health. 2012Jan 10;12(1):22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Maree JE, Moitse KA. Exploration of knowledge of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening amongst HIV-positive women. Curationis. 2014 Jan;37(1):1–7.
31.
Morema EN, Atieli HE, Onyango RO, Omondi JH, Ouma C. Determinants of cervical screening services uptake among 18–49 year old women seeking services at the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga teaching and referral hospital, Kisumu, Kenya. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014Aug 6;14(1):335.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Ndejjo R, Mukama T, Musabyimana A, Musoke D. Uptake of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among women in rural Uganda: a cross sectional study. PLoS One. 2016Feb 19;11(2):e0149696.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Fort VK, Makin MS, Siegler AJ, Ault K, Rochat R. Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Mulanje, Malawi: a qualitative study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2011Jan 1;5:125–31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Ho V, Yamal JM, Atkinson EN, Basen-Engquist K, Tortolero-Luna G, Follen M. Predictors of breast and cervical screening in Vietnamese women in Harris County, Houston, Texas. Cancer Nurs. 2005Mar 1;28(2):119–29.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Ncube B, Bey A, Knight J, Bessler P, Jolly PE. Factors associated with the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in Portland, Jamaica. N Am J Med Sci. 2015Mar 1;7(3):104.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
37.
38.
39.
Natan MB, Kutygaro R. Predictors of Women's intentions to be screened for HIV during pregnancy. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2015Oct 31;26(5):673–9.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Luszczynska A, Durawa AB, Scholz U, Knoll N. Empowerment beliefs and intention to uptake cervical cancer screening: three psychosocial mediating mechanisms. Women Health. 2012Mar 30;52(2):162–81.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Peirson L, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ciliska D, Warren R. Screening for cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2013May 24;2(1):35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Birhanu Z, Abdissa A, Belachew T, Deribew A, Segni H, Tsu V, Mulholland K, Russell FM. Health seeking behavior for cervical cancer in Ethiopia: a qualitative study. Int J Equity Health. 2012Dec 29;11(1):83.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Agurto I, Bishop A, Sanchez G, Betancourt Z, Robles S. Perceived barriers and benefits to cervical cancer screening in Latin America. Prev Med. 2004Jul 31;39(1):918.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Predictors of cervical cancer screening intention of HIV-positive women in the central region of Ghana
Authors
Nancy Innocentia Ebu
Joseph Kwesi Ogah
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Women's Health / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6874
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0534-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

BMC Women's Health 1/2018 Go to the issue

Research article

Evaluation of human-papillomavirus testing and visual inspection for cervical cancer screening in Rwanda

Research article

Trauma, attachment style, and somatization: a study of women with dyspareunia and women survivors of sexual abuse

Research article

Assessing fidelity: balancing methodology and reality in jail interventions

Research article

Normal/high-fat milk consumption is associated with higher lean body and muscle mass in Japanese women aged between 40 and 60 years: a cross-sectional study

Research article

Facing HIV infection and unintended pregnancy: Rakai, Uganda, 2001–2013

Research article

The relationship between under-five child death and maternal mental distress in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a community based comparative cross-sectional study