Top

BMC Oral Health

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Denture | Research article

Association between root/coronal caries and individual factors in institutionalised elderly using ICDAS severity and activity

Authors: Margarita Usuga-Vacca, Dairo Javier Marin-Zuluaga, Jaime Eduardo Castellanos, Stefania Martignon

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Caries in the elderly has been associated with dependence, oral-health status and -care practices. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between root/coronal caries and individual factors among institutionalised elderly people in Bogotá, Colombia, using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System severity and activity criteria (ICDAS).

Methods

A total of 226 institutionalised elderly were clinically examined for root and coronal caries in 40 institutions. Caries risk was assessed with Cariogram, and demographics, oral health knowledge and practices, oral health-related quality of life and denture-use habits using a questionnaire.

Results

Participants (mean age: 80.1 ± 9.3 years; 63.7% female) presented a mean number of 10.8 ± 7.3 teeth and 19.4 ± 18.8 exposed root surfaces. Prevalence of Coronal-ICDAS caries experience (C-ICDAS DF) was of 100% and of 54.4% for C-ICDAS D; mean number of C-ICDAS DFS was 16.76 ± 27.36, with 50.9% of subjects having ≥ one active C-ICDAS DS. Prevalence of Root Caries Index was of 49.1% and of R-ICDAS DF of 46%; mean number of R-ICDAS DFS was 2.03 ± 2.78, with 40.3% of subjects having ≥ one active R-ICDAS DS. Most individuals had a systemic condition (94.2%) and required oral-hygiene assistance (58%). Logistic regression analyses showed significant associations (p < 0.05): for coronal active caries when having over six teeth (OR: 2.7), and for root caries, when having coronal caries (OR: 2.41), being a man (OR: 1.95), and having over 14 teeth (OR: 0.30). Those presenting with > eight exposed root surfaces were 4.04 more likely to have root caries and 2.4 times more likely to have active root caries.

Conclusion

In the institutionalised elderly population in Bogotá significant associations were found, both for the presence as for the activity status of root and coronal caries, with individual clinical factors including coronal caries, exposed root surfaces and number of teeth.

Available only for authorised users

United Nations. World Population Ageing 2017 [Internet]. New York; 2017 [cited 2019 June 2]. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/ageing/WPA2017.asp.

República de Colombia - Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. IV Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal ENSAB IV: Situación en Salud Bucal. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Bogotá; 2015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306604640_IV_ESTUDIO_NACIONAL_DE_SALUD_BUCAL_ENSAB_IV_Metodologia_y_Determinacion_Social_de_la_Salud_Bucal.

Steele JG, Sheiham A, Marcenes W, Fay N, Walls AW. Clinical and behavioural risk indicators for root caries in older people. Gerodontology. 2001;18(2):95–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2001.00095.x.CrossRefPubMed

Petelin M, Cotič J, Perkič K, Pavlič A. Oral health of the elderly living in residential homes in Slovenia. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e447–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00497.x.CrossRefPubMed

Montal S, Tramini P, Triay J-A, Valcarcel J. Oral hygiene and the need for treatment of the dependent institutionalised elderly. Gerodontology. 2006;23(2):67–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2006.00111.x.CrossRefPubMed

Serrano-Urrea R, Gómez-Rubio V, Palacios-Ceña D, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, García-Meseguer MJ. Individual and institutional factors associated with functional disability in nursing home residents: An observational study with multilevel analysis. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(8):e0183945. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183945.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tonetti MS, Bottenberg P, Conrads G, Eickholz P, Heasman P, Huysmans M-C, et al. Dental caries and periodontal diseases in the ageing population: call to action to protect and enhance oral health and well-being as an essential component of healthy ageing—consensus report of group 4 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries be. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44(Suppl 18):135–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12681.CrossRef

Nicolau B, Srisilapanan P, Marcenes W. Number of teeth and risk of root caries. Gerodontology. 2000;17(2):91–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2000.00091.x.CrossRefPubMed

Ritter AV, Shugars DA, Bader JD. Root caries risk indicators: a systematic review of risk models. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38(5):383–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00551.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Ritter AV, Preisser JS, Puranik CP, Chung Y, Bader JD, Shugars DA, et al. A predictive model for root caries incidence. Caries Res. 2016;50(3):271–8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000445445.CrossRefPubMed

11.

López R, Smith PC, Göstemeyer G, Schwendicke F. Ageing, dental caries and periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44:S145–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12683.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Thomson WM, Broadbent JM, Foster Page LA, Poulton R. Antecedents and associations of root surface caries experience among 38-year-olds. Caries Res. 2013;47(2):128–34. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345078.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Hayes M, Da Mata C, Cole M, McKenna G, Burke F, Allen PF. Risk indicators associated with root caries in independently living older adults. J Dent. 2016;51:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.05.006.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Carvalho TS, Lussi A. Age-related morphological, histological and functional changes in teeth. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):291–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12474.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Martignon S, Pitts NB, Goffin G, Mazevet M, Douglas GVA, Newton JT, et al. CariesCare practice guide: consensus on evidence into practice. Br Dent J. 2019;227(5):353–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-0678-8.CrossRefPubMed

16.

WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Geneva; 2003 [cited 2020 June 23]. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916.pdf;jsessionid=515AEC7856CA2FAD0A77E51C8F129D27?sequence=1.

17.

Moynihan P. Evidence for setting a recommended threshold for intake. Adv Nutr. 2016;7(1):149–56. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.009365.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Katz RV. Clinical signs of root caries: measurement issues from an epidemiologic perspective. J Dent Res. 1990;69(5):1211–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690051801.CrossRefPubMed

19.

World Health Organization. Oral health surveys; basic methods [Internet]. WHO. World Health Organization; 2013 [cited 2020 Oct 14]. http://www.who.int/oral_health/publications/9789241548649/en/.

20.

Pitts NB, Ekstrand KR, ICDAS Foundation. International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS)—methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41(1):e41–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12025.

21.

Burt BA, Kolker JL, Sandretto AM, Yuan Y, Sohn W, Ismail AI. Dietary patterns related to caries in a low-income adult population. Caries Res. 2006;40(6):473–80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000095645.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Silva M, Hopcraft M, Morgan M. Dental caries in Victorian nursing homes. Aust Dent J. 2014;59(3):321–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12188.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Rojas Cuadros DF, Mendoza Sichacá AC. Descripción y análisis del servicio que prestan algunos hogares geriátricos a los adultos mayores en Bogotá. Universidad de La Salle; 2017. https://ciencia.lasalle.edu.co/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1226&context=administracion_de_empresas.

24.

ICDAS Foundation. Homepage. 2014. https://www.iccms-web.com/.

25.

Ekstrand K, Martignon S, Holm-Pedersen P. Development and evaluation of two root caries controlling programmes for home-based frail people older than 75 years. Gerodontology. 2008;25(2):67–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00200.x.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Pinzón-Pulido SA, Gil-Montoya JA. Validation of the Assessment Index of Oral Health in Geriatrics in an institutionalized geriatric population in Granada. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 1999;34(5):273–82.

27.

Bratthall D, Hansel PG. Cariogram—a multifactorial risk assessment model for a multifactorial disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(4):256–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00233.x.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Martignon S, Bautista-Mendoza G, González-Carrera M, Lafaurie-Villamil G, Morales V. Parents/caregivers of small children. Rev Salud Publica Bogota. 2008;10(2):308–14. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0124-00642008000200011.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Hayes M, Da Mata C, McKenna G, Burke FM, Allen PF. Evaluation of the Cariogram for root caries prediction. J Dent. 2017;62:25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2017.04.010.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Gutiérrez Quiceno B, Calzada Gutiérrez MT, Fandiño-Losada A. Cultural adaptation and validation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index—GOHAI—Colombian version. Colomb medica (Cali, Colomb. 2019;50(2):102–14. https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v50i2.3999.

31.

Altman DG. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. In: Chapman & Hall. 1991 . p. 419–26. https://es.scribd.com/doc/273959883/Douglas-G-Altman-Practical-Statistics-for-Medical-Research-Chapman-Hall-CRC-1991.

32.

Hsieh C, Maisonneuve P, Boyle P, Macfarlane GJ, Robertson C. Analysis of quantitative data by quantiles in epidemiologic studies: classification according to cases, noncases, or all subjects? Epidemiology. 1991;2(2):137–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199103000-00008.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Bernabé E, Sheiham A. Age, period and cohort trends in caries of permanent teeth in four developed countries. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(7):e115–21. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301869.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Suzuki S, Onose Y, Yoshino K, Takayanagi A, Kamijo H, Sugihara N. Factors associated with development of root caries in dentition without root caries experience in a 2-year cohort study in Japan. J Dent. 2020;95:103304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103304.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Carvalho TS, Lussi A. Assessment of root caries lesion activity and its histopathological features. Monogr Oral Sci. 2017;26:63–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000479346.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Fure S, Zickert I. Root surface caries and associated factors. Eur J Oral Sci. 1990;98(5):391–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1990.tb00990.x.CrossRef

37.

Ismail AI, Pitts NB, Tellez M, Banerjee A, Deery C, Douglas G, et al. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMSTM) an example of a caries management pathway. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15(1):S9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15-S1-S9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Christensen LB, Bardow A, Ekstrand K, Fiehn N-E, Heitmann BL, Qvist V, et al. Root caries, root surface restorations and lifestyle factors in adult Danes. Acta Odontol Scand. 2015;73(6):467–73. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2014.986753.CrossRefPubMed

39.

República de Colombia - Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resolución 3280 de 2018 - Nuevas Rutas Integrales de Atención en Salud. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Resolución 3280 2018 p. 1–348. https://www.asivamosensalud.org/politicas-publicas/normatividad-resoluciones/prestaciones-de-servicios-de-salud/resolucion-3280-de.

40.

Marin Zuluaga DJ, Ferreira J, Gil Montoya JA, Willumsen T. Oral health in institutionalised elderly people in Oslo, Norway and its relationship with dependence and cognitive impairment. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e420–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00490.x.CrossRef

41.

Shao Z, Guo X, Zhang Q, Bronkhorst EM, Zou D, Creugers NHJ. Masticatory efficiency in patients with partially dentate dentitions. J Dent. 2018;75:41–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.005.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Ribeiro Gaião L, Leitão de Almeida ME, Bezerra Filho JG, Leggat P, Heukelbach J. Poor dental status and oral hygiene practices in institutionalized older people in northeast Brazil. Int J Dent. 2009;2009:846081. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/846081.

43.

Nelson SLP, Ramakrishnan V, Nietert PJ, Kamen DL, Ramos PS, Wolf BJ. An evaluation of common methods for dichotomization of continuous variables to discriminate disease status. Commun Stat Theory Methods. 2017;46(21):10823–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2016.124878.CrossRef

44.

Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, Daly B, Venturelli R, Mathur MR, et al. Oral diseases: a global public health challenge. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):249–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Association between root/coronal caries and individual factors in institutionalised elderly using ICDAS severity and activity
Authors: Margarita Usuga-Vacca
Dairo Javier Marin-Zuluaga
Jaime Eduardo Castellanos
Stefania Martignon
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Denture
Caries
Root Caries
Published in: BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01520-4

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Association between root/coronal caries and individual factors in institutionalised elderly using ICDAS severity and activity

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Assessment of the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the canine root tip using cone beam computed tomography

Clinical and radiographic variables related to implants with simultaneous grafts among type 2 diabetic patients treated with different hypoglycemic medications: a retrospective study

A controlled study on the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic and peri-apical radiography for detecting furcation involvement

Age estimation based on Willems method versus country specific model in Saudi Arabia children and adolescents

Pathophysiological mechanisms of root resorption after dental trauma: a systematic scoping review

Survival rate of primary molar restorations is not influenced by hand mixed or encapsulated GIC: 24 months RCT