Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Proceedings

The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway

Authors: Amid I Ismail, Nigel B Pitts, Marisol Tellez, Authors of the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS)

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Special Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Excerpt

The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) is a comprehensive set of clinical protocols that address all diagnostic, preventive and restorative decisions necessary “to preserve tooth structure and restore only when indicated,” which is the mission adopted at the Temple University Caries Management Pathways workshop, in 2012 [1]. The foundation for ICCMS™ is based on extensive critical analyses, research, and clinical feedback on the best approaches to move away from the mechanical or restorative care that has been followed around the world, towards a system where prevention is emphasized, initial caries lesions are prevented from progressing (controlled), and moderate or extensive caries lesions are restored with the goal of preserving, as much as possible, natural tooth structure [2]. This chapter will describe the scientific, and clinical management protocols that have been developed over the last several years by over 70 cariologists, epidemiologists, and clinicians. …
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ismail AI, Tellez M, Pitts NB, et al: Caries management pathways preserve dental tissues and promote oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013, 41: e12-e40. 10.1111/cdoe.12024.CrossRefPubMed Ismail AI, Tellez M, Pitts NB, et al: Caries management pathways preserve dental tissues and promote oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013, 41: e12-e40. 10.1111/cdoe.12024.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Pitts NB, Ekstrand KR: International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS)-methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013, 41: e41-e52. 10.1111/cdoe.12025.CrossRefPubMed Pitts NB, Ekstrand KR: International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS)-methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013, 41: e41-e52. 10.1111/cdoe.12025.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Bader JD, Shugars DA: Understanding dentists’ restorative treatment decisions. J Public Health Dent. 1992, 52: 102-10. 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02251.x.CrossRefPubMed Bader JD, Shugars DA: Understanding dentists’ restorative treatment decisions. J Public Health Dent. 1992, 52: 102-10. 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02251.x.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Malow BA, Byars K, Johnson K, Weiss S, Bernal P, Goldman SE, Panzer R, Coury DL, Glaze DG: A practice pathway for the identification, evaluation, and management of insomnia in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2012, 130 (Suppl 2): S106-24.CrossRefPubMed Malow BA, Byars K, Johnson K, Weiss S, Bernal P, Goldman SE, Panzer R, Coury DL, Glaze DG: A practice pathway for the identification, evaluation, and management of insomnia in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2012, 130 (Suppl 2): S106-24.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference World Dental Federation: FDI policy statement on classification of caries lesions of tooth surfaces and caries management systems. Int Dent J. 2013, 63: 4-5.CrossRef World Dental Federation: FDI policy statement on classification of caries lesions of tooth surfaces and caries management systems. Int Dent J. 2013, 63: 4-5.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Gomez J, Tellez M, Pretty I, Ellwood R, Ismail AI: Detection Methods of Non-Cavitated Carious Lesions: A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013, 41: 55-66. 10.1111/cdoe.12021.CrossRef Gomez J, Tellez M, Pretty I, Ellwood R, Ismail AI: Detection Methods of Non-Cavitated Carious Lesions: A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013, 41: 55-66. 10.1111/cdoe.12021.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Tellez M, Gomez J, Pretty I, Ellwood R, Ismail AI: Evidence on Existing Caries Risk Assessment Systems: Are they Predictive of Future Caries?. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012, doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12003 Tellez M, Gomez J, Pretty I, Ellwood R, Ismail AI: Evidence on Existing Caries Risk Assessment Systems: Are they Predictive of Future Caries?. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012, doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12003
8.
go back to reference Tellez M, Gomez J, Kaur S, Pretty I, Ellwood R, Ismail AI: Non-surgical Management Methods of Non-Cavitated Carious Lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012, doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12028 Tellez M, Gomez J, Kaur S, Pretty I, Ellwood R, Ismail AI: Non-surgical Management Methods of Non-Cavitated Carious Lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012, doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12028
9.
go back to reference Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, Pitts NB, The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiol. 2007, 35: 170-8. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00347.x.CrossRef Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, Pitts NB, The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiol. 2007, 35: 170-8. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00347.x.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Ismail AI, Sohn W, Lim S, Willem JM: Prediction of dental caries progression in primary teeth. J Dent Res. 2009, 88: 270-275. 10.1177/0022034508331011.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ismail AI, Sohn W, Lim S, Willem JM: Prediction of dental caries progression in primary teeth. J Dent Res. 2009, 88: 270-275. 10.1177/0022034508331011.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V: Construct and predictive validity of clinical caries diagnostic criteria assessing lesion activity. J Dent Res. 2003, 82: 117-122. 10.1177/154405910308200208.CrossRefPubMed Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V: Construct and predictive validity of clinical caries diagnostic criteria assessing lesion activity. J Dent Res. 2003, 82: 117-122. 10.1177/154405910308200208.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V: Reliability of a new caries diagnostic system differentiating between active and inactive caries lesions. Caries Res. 1999, 33: 252-260. 10.1159/000016526.CrossRefPubMed Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V: Reliability of a new caries diagnostic system differentiating between active and inactive caries lesions. Caries Res. 1999, 33: 252-260. 10.1159/000016526.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Ekstrand KR, Martignon S, Ricketts DJ, Qvist V: Detection and activity assessment of primary coronal caries lesions: a methodologic study. Oper Dent. 2008, 32: 225-235.CrossRef Ekstrand KR, Martignon S, Ricketts DJ, Qvist V: Detection and activity assessment of primary coronal caries lesions: a methodologic study. Oper Dent. 2008, 32: 225-235.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Kidd EA, Pitts NB: A reappraisal of the value of the bitewing radiograph in the diagnosis of posterior approximal caries. Br Dent J. 1990, 169: 195-200. 10.1038/sj.bdj.4807325.CrossRefPubMed Kidd EA, Pitts NB: A reappraisal of the value of the bitewing radiograph in the diagnosis of posterior approximal caries. Br Dent J. 1990, 169: 195-200. 10.1038/sj.bdj.4807325.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Pitts NB, Kidd EA: Some of the factors to be considered in the prescription and timing of bitewing radiography in the diagnosis and management of dental caries. J Dent. 1992, 20: 74-84. 10.1016/0300-5712(92)90106-M.CrossRefPubMed Pitts NB, Kidd EA: Some of the factors to be considered in the prescription and timing of bitewing radiography in the diagnosis and management of dental caries. J Dent. 1992, 20: 74-84. 10.1016/0300-5712(92)90106-M.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Poorterman JH, Aartman IH, Kalsbeek H: Underestimation of the prevalence of approximal caries and inadequate restorations in a clinical epidemiological study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999, 27 (5): 331-7. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02029.x.CrossRefPubMed Poorterman JH, Aartman IH, Kalsbeek H: Underestimation of the prevalence of approximal caries and inadequate restorations in a clinical epidemiological study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999, 27 (5): 331-7. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02029.x.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Wenzel A: Bitewing and digital bitewing radiography for detection of caries lesions. J Dent Res. 2004, 83 (Spec No C): C72-C75.CrossRefPubMed Wenzel A: Bitewing and digital bitewing radiography for detection of caries lesions. J Dent Res. 2004, 83 (Spec No C): C72-C75.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Hintze H, Wenzel A, Danielsen B, Nyvad B: Reliability of visual examination, fibre-optic transillumination, and bite-wing radiography, and reproducibility of direct visual examination following tooth separation for the identification of cavitated carious lesions in contacting approximal surfaces. Caries Res. 1998, 32: 204-209. 10.1159/000016454.CrossRefPubMed Hintze H, Wenzel A, Danielsen B, Nyvad B: Reliability of visual examination, fibre-optic transillumination, and bite-wing radiography, and reproducibility of direct visual examination following tooth separation for the identification of cavitated carious lesions in contacting approximal surfaces. Caries Res. 1998, 32: 204-209. 10.1159/000016454.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Thylstrup A, Qvist V: Principal enamel and dentine reactions during the carries progression. Dentine and dentine reactions in the oral cavity. Edited by: Thylstryp A, Leach SA, Qvist V. 1987, Oxford; IRL Press Thylstrup A, Qvist V: Principal enamel and dentine reactions during the carries progression. Dentine and dentine reactions in the oral cavity. Edited by: Thylstryp A, Leach SA, Qvist V. 1987, Oxford; IRL Press
20.
go back to reference Ricketts DN, Ekstrand KR, Kidd EA, Larsen T: Relating visual and radiographic ranked scoring systems for occlusal caries detection to histological and microbiological evidence. Oper Dent. 2002, 27: 231-7.PubMed Ricketts DN, Ekstrand KR, Kidd EA, Larsen T: Relating visual and radiographic ranked scoring systems for occlusal caries detection to histological and microbiological evidence. Oper Dent. 2002, 27: 231-7.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Agustsdottir H, Gudmundsdottir H, Eggertsson H, et al: Caries prevalence of permanent teeth: a national survey of children in Iceland using ICDAS. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010, 38: 299-309. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00538.x.CrossRefPubMed Agustsdottir H, Gudmundsdottir H, Eggertsson H, et al: Caries prevalence of permanent teeth: a national survey of children in Iceland using ICDAS. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010, 38: 299-309. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00538.x.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Ekstrand KR, Luna LE, Promisiero L, Cortes A, Cuevas S, Reyes JF, Torres CE, Martignon S: The reliability and accuracy of two methods for proximal caries detection and depth on directly visible proximal surfaces: an in vitro study. Caries Res. 2011, 45: 93-9. 10.1159/000324439.CrossRefPubMed Ekstrand KR, Luna LE, Promisiero L, Cortes A, Cuevas S, Reyes JF, Torres CE, Martignon S: The reliability and accuracy of two methods for proximal caries detection and depth on directly visible proximal surfaces: an in vitro study. Caries Res. 2011, 45: 93-9. 10.1159/000324439.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Glenny AM, Gibson F, Auld E, Coulson S, Clarkson JE, Craig JV, et al: The development of evidence-based guidelines on mouth care for children, teenagers and young adults treated for cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2010, 46: 1399-412. 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.01.023.CrossRefPubMed Glenny AM, Gibson F, Auld E, Coulson S, Clarkson JE, Craig JV, et al: The development of evidence-based guidelines on mouth care for children, teenagers and young adults treated for cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2010, 46: 1399-412. 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.01.023.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Alaki SM, Ashiry EA, Bakry NS, Baghlaf KK, Bagher SM: The effects of asthma and asthma medication on dental caries and salivary characteristics in children. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2013, 11: 113-20.PubMed Alaki SM, Ashiry EA, Bakry NS, Baghlaf KK, Bagher SM: The effects of asthma and asthma medication on dental caries and salivary characteristics in children. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2013, 11: 113-20.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Kramer MS, Vanilovich I, Matush L, et al: The effect of prolonged and exclusive breast-feeding on dental caries in early school-age children. Caries Res. 2007, 41: 484-488. 10.1159/000108596.CrossRefPubMed Kramer MS, Vanilovich I, Matush L, et al: The effect of prolonged and exclusive breast-feeding on dental caries in early school-age children. Caries Res. 2007, 41: 484-488. 10.1159/000108596.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Leong PM, Gussy MG, Barrow SL, De Silva-Sanigorski A, Waters E: A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013, 23: 235-50.CrossRefPubMed Leong PM, Gussy MG, Barrow SL, De Silva-Sanigorski A, Waters E: A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013, 23: 235-50.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Lim S, Sohn W, Burt BA, et al: Cariogenicity of soft drinks, milk and fruit juice in low-income African-American children: A longitudinal study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008, 139: 959-967. 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0283.CrossRefPubMed Lim S, Sohn W, Burt BA, et al: Cariogenicity of soft drinks, milk and fruit juice in low-income African-American children: A longitudinal study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008, 139: 959-967. 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0283.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Marinho VCC, Higgins JPT, Logan S, Sheiham A: Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003, CD002278-1 Marinho VCC, Higgins JPT, Logan S, Sheiham A: Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003, CD002278-1
29.
go back to reference Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny A-M, Appelbe P, Marinho VCC, Shi X: Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD007868- Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny A-M, Appelbe P, Marinho VCC, Shi X: Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, CD007868-
30.
go back to reference Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S: Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, CD002781- Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S: Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, CD002781-
31.
go back to reference Twetman S: Caries prevention with fluoride toothpaste in children: an update. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009, 10: 162-167. 10.1007/BF03262678.CrossRefPubMed Twetman S: Caries prevention with fluoride toothpaste in children: an update. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009, 10: 162-167. 10.1007/BF03262678.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Griffin SO, Regnier E, Griffin PM, Huntley V: Effectiveness of Fluoride in Preventing Caries in Adults. J Dent Res. 2007, 86: 410-415. 10.1177/154405910708600504.CrossRefPubMed Griffin SO, Regnier E, Griffin PM, Huntley V: Effectiveness of Fluoride in Preventing Caries in Adults. J Dent Res. 2007, 86: 410-415. 10.1177/154405910708600504.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Smith RE, Badner VM, Morse DE, Freeman K: Maternal risk indicators for childhood caries in an inner city population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002, 30: 176-81. 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300303.x.CrossRefPubMed Smith RE, Badner VM, Morse DE, Freeman K: Maternal risk indicators for childhood caries in an inner city population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002, 30: 176-81. 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300303.x.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Reisine S, Tellez M, Willem J, Sohn W, Ismail A: Relationship between caregiver’s and child’s caries prevalence among disadvantaged African Americans. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008, 36: 191-200. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00392.x.CrossRefPubMed Reisine S, Tellez M, Willem J, Sohn W, Ismail A: Relationship between caregiver’s and child’s caries prevalence among disadvantaged African Americans. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008, 36: 191-200. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00392.x.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Weintraub JA, Prakash P, Shain SG, Laccabue M, Gansky SA: Mothers’ caries increases odds of chilren’s caries. J Dent Res. 2010, 89: 954-958. 10.1177/0022034510372891.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Weintraub JA, Prakash P, Shain SG, Laccabue M, Gansky SA: Mothers’ caries increases odds of chilren’s caries. J Dent Res. 2010, 89: 954-958. 10.1177/0022034510372891.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
go back to reference Dye BA, Vargas CM, Lee JJ, Magder L, Tinanoff N: Assessing the relationship between children’s oral health status and that of their mothers. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011, 142: 173-183. 10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0061.CrossRefPubMed Dye BA, Vargas CM, Lee JJ, Magder L, Tinanoff N: Assessing the relationship between children’s oral health status and that of their mothers. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011, 142: 173-183. 10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0061.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Alaluusua S, Malmivirta R: Early plaque accumulation--a sign for caries risk in young children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994, 22: 273-6. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb02049.x.CrossRefPubMed Alaluusua S, Malmivirta R: Early plaque accumulation--a sign for caries risk in young children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994, 22: 273-6. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb02049.x.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Wendt LK, Hallonsten AL, Koch G, Birkhed D: Oral hygiene in relation to caries development and immigrant status in infants and toddlers. Scand J Dent Res. 1994, 102: 269-73.PubMed Wendt LK, Hallonsten AL, Koch G, Birkhed D: Oral hygiene in relation to caries development and immigrant status in infants and toddlers. Scand J Dent Res. 1994, 102: 269-73.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Tagliaferro EP, Ambrosano GM, Meneghim Mde C, Pereira AC: Risk indicators and risk predictors of dental caries in schoolchildren. J Appl Oral Sci. 2008, 16: 408-13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tagliaferro EP, Ambrosano GM, Meneghim Mde C, Pereira AC: Risk indicators and risk predictors of dental caries in schoolchildren. J Appl Oral Sci. 2008, 16: 408-13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
go back to reference Mascarenhas AK: Oral hygiene as a risk indicator of enamel and dentin caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998, 26: 331-9. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01969.x.CrossRefPubMed Mascarenhas AK: Oral hygiene as a risk indicator of enamel and dentin caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998, 26: 331-9. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01969.x.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Mathiesen AT, Ogaard B, Rølla G: Oral hygiene as a variable in dental caries experience in 14-year-olds exposed to fluoride. Caries Res. 1996, 30: 29-33. 10.1159/000262133.CrossRefPubMed Mathiesen AT, Ogaard B, Rølla G: Oral hygiene as a variable in dental caries experience in 14-year-olds exposed to fluoride. Caries Res. 1996, 30: 29-33. 10.1159/000262133.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Domejean S, White JM, Featherstone JDB: Validation of the CDA CAMBRA caries risk assessment - a six year retrospective study. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2011, 39: 709-715.PubMed Domejean S, White JM, Featherstone JDB: Validation of the CDA CAMBRA caries risk assessment - a six year retrospective study. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2011, 39: 709-715.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Chattopadhyay A: Oral health disparities in the United States. Dent Clin N Am. 2008, 52: 297-318. 10.1016/j.cden.2007.11.001.CrossRefPubMed Chattopadhyay A: Oral health disparities in the United States. Dent Clin N Am. 2008, 52: 297-318. 10.1016/j.cden.2007.11.001.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Costa SM, Martins CC, Bonfim MLC, Zina LG, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Abreu MHNG: A systematic review of socioeconomic indicators and dental caries in adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012, 9: 3540-3574. 10.3390/ijerph9103540.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Costa SM, Martins CC, Bonfim MLC, Zina LG, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Abreu MHNG: A systematic review of socioeconomic indicators and dental caries in adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012, 9: 3540-3574. 10.3390/ijerph9103540.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C: The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bulletin World Health Organization. 2005, 83: 661-66. Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C: The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bulletin World Health Organization. 2005, 83: 661-66.
47.
go back to reference Kidd EAM, O'Hara JW: The caries status of occlusal amalgam restorations with marginal defects. J Dent Res. 1990, 69: 1275-7. 10.1177/00220345900690061001.CrossRefPubMed Kidd EAM, O'Hara JW: The caries status of occlusal amalgam restorations with marginal defects. J Dent Res. 1990, 69: 1275-7. 10.1177/00220345900690061001.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Boyd MA, Richardson AS: Frequency of amalgam replacement in general dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc. 1985, 10: 763-766. Boyd MA, Richardson AS: Frequency of amalgam replacement in general dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc. 1985, 10: 763-766.
49.
go back to reference Goldberg J, Tanzer J, Munster E, Amara J, Thal F, Birkhed D: Cross-sectional clinical evaluation of recurrent enamel caries, restoration of marginal integrity, and oral hygiene status. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981, 102: 635-41. 10.14219/jada.archive.1981.0155.CrossRefPubMed Goldberg J, Tanzer J, Munster E, Amara J, Thal F, Birkhed D: Cross-sectional clinical evaluation of recurrent enamel caries, restoration of marginal integrity, and oral hygiene status. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981, 102: 635-41. 10.14219/jada.archive.1981.0155.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Hamilton JC, Moffa JP, Ellison JA, Jenkins WA: Marginal fracture not a predictor of longevity for two dental amalgam alloys: a ten year study. J Prost Dent. 1983, 50: 200-2. 10.1016/0022-3913(83)90013-6.CrossRef Hamilton JC, Moffa JP, Ellison JA, Jenkins WA: Marginal fracture not a predictor of longevity for two dental amalgam alloys: a ten year study. J Prost Dent. 1983, 50: 200-2. 10.1016/0022-3913(83)90013-6.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Ando M, Gonzalez-Cabezas C, Isaacs RL, Eckert GJ, Stookey GK: Evaluation of several techniques for the detection of secondary caries adjacent to amalgam restorations. Caries Res. 2005, 38: 350-56.CrossRef Ando M, Gonzalez-Cabezas C, Isaacs RL, Eckert GJ, Stookey GK: Evaluation of several techniques for the detection of secondary caries adjacent to amalgam restorations. Caries Res. 2005, 38: 350-56.CrossRef
52.
53.
go back to reference Li Y, Ge Y, Saxena D, Caufield PW: Genetic profiling of the oral microbiota associated with severe early childhood caries. J Clin Microbiol. 2007, 45: 81-87. 10.1128/JCM.01622-06.CrossRefPubMed Li Y, Ge Y, Saxena D, Caufield PW: Genetic profiling of the oral microbiota associated with severe early childhood caries. J Clin Microbiol. 2007, 45: 81-87. 10.1128/JCM.01622-06.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Teanpaisan R, Chaethong W, Piwat S, Thitasomakul S: Vertical transmission of mutans streptococci and lactobacillus in Thai families. Pediatr Dent. 2012, 34: e24-9.PubMed Teanpaisan R, Chaethong W, Piwat S, Thitasomakul S: Vertical transmission of mutans streptococci and lactobacillus in Thai families. Pediatr Dent. 2012, 34: e24-9.PubMed
55.
go back to reference Xu H, Hao W, Zhou Q, et al: Plaque bacterial microbiome diversity in children younger than 30 months with or without caries prior to eruption of second primary molars. PLoS One. 2014, 28 (9): e89269-CrossRef Xu H, Hao W, Zhou Q, et al: Plaque bacterial microbiome diversity in children younger than 30 months with or without caries prior to eruption of second primary molars. PLoS One. 2014, 28 (9): e89269-CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Declerck D, Leroy R, Martens L, et al: Factors associated with prevalence and severity of caries experience in preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008, 36: 168-78. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00385.x.CrossRefPubMed Declerck D, Leroy R, Martens L, et al: Factors associated with prevalence and severity of caries experience in preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008, 36: 168-78. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00385.x.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Ekstrand KR, Bruun G, Bruun M: Plaque and gingival status as indicators for caries progression on approximal surfaces. Caries Res. 1998, 32: 41-5. 10.1159/000016428.CrossRefPubMed Ekstrand KR, Bruun G, Bruun M: Plaque and gingival status as indicators for caries progression on approximal surfaces. Caries Res. 1998, 32: 41-5. 10.1159/000016428.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Ferreira MA, Mendes NS, Ferreira MA, Mendes NS: Factors associated with active white enamel lesions. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005, 15: 327-34. 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2005.00641.x.CrossRefPubMed Ferreira MA, Mendes NS, Ferreira MA, Mendes NS: Factors associated with active white enamel lesions. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005, 15: 327-34. 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2005.00641.x.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Kleemola-Kujala E, Räsänen L: Relationship of oral hygiene and sugar consumption to risk of caries in children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1982, 10: 224-33. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb00384.x.CrossRefPubMed Kleemola-Kujala E, Räsänen L: Relationship of oral hygiene and sugar consumption to risk of caries in children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1982, 10: 224-33. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb00384.x.CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Leroy R, Bogaerts K, Martens L, Declerck D: Risk factors for caries incidence in a cohort of Flemish preschool children. Clin Oral Investig. 2012, 16: 805-12. 10.1007/s00784-011-0579-y.CrossRefPubMed Leroy R, Bogaerts K, Martens L, Declerck D: Risk factors for caries incidence in a cohort of Flemish preschool children. Clin Oral Investig. 2012, 16: 805-12. 10.1007/s00784-011-0579-y.CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Skrīvele S, Care R, Bērziņa S, et al: Caries and its risk factors in young children in five different countries. Stomatologija. 2013, 15: 39-46. Skrīvele S, Care R, Bērziņa S, et al: Caries and its risk factors in young children in five different countries. Stomatologija. 2013, 15: 39-46.
62.
go back to reference Quaglio JM, Sousa MB, Ardenghi TM, Mendes FM, Imparato JC, Pinheiro SL: Association between clinical parameters and the presence of active caries lesions in first permanent molars. Braz Oral Res. 2006, 4: 358-63.CrossRef Quaglio JM, Sousa MB, Ardenghi TM, Mendes FM, Imparato JC, Pinheiro SL: Association between clinical parameters and the presence of active caries lesions in first permanent molars. Braz Oral Res. 2006, 4: 358-63.CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Saini T, Edwards PC, Kimmes NS, Carroll LR, Shaner JW, Dowd FJ: Etiology of xerostomia and dental caries among methamphetamine abusers. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2005, 3: 189-95.PubMed Saini T, Edwards PC, Kimmes NS, Carroll LR, Shaner JW, Dowd FJ: Etiology of xerostomia and dental caries among methamphetamine abusers. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2005, 3: 189-95.PubMed
64.
go back to reference Murray TW: Epidemiology of oral health conditions in older people. Gerodontology. 2014, 9-16. Suppl. 1 Murray TW: Epidemiology of oral health conditions in older people. Gerodontology. 2014, 9-16. Suppl. 1
65.
go back to reference Chi DL, Berg JH, Kim AS, Scott J: Correlates of root caries experience in middle-aged and older adults in the Northwest Practice-based Research Collaborative in Evidence-based Dentistry research network. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013, 144: 507-16. 10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0153.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chi DL, Berg JH, Kim AS, Scott J: Correlates of root caries experience in middle-aged and older adults in the Northwest Practice-based Research Collaborative in Evidence-based Dentistry research network. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013, 144: 507-16. 10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0153.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
go back to reference Ritter AV, Preisser JS, Chung Y, et al: X-ACT Collaborative Research Group. Risk indicators for the presence and extent of root caries among caries-active adults enrolled in the Xylitol for Adult Caries Trial (X-ACT). Clin Oral Investig. 2012, 16: 1647-57. 10.1007/s00784-011-0656-2.CrossRefPubMed Ritter AV, Preisser JS, Chung Y, et al: X-ACT Collaborative Research Group. Risk indicators for the presence and extent of root caries among caries-active adults enrolled in the Xylitol for Adult Caries Trial (X-ACT). Clin Oral Investig. 2012, 16: 1647-57. 10.1007/s00784-011-0656-2.CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Sánchez-García S, Reyes-Morales H, Juárez-Cedillo T, Espinel-Bermúdez C, Solórzano-Santos F, García-Peña C: A prediction model for root caries in an elderly population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011, 39: 44-52. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00569.x.CrossRefPubMed Sánchez-García S, Reyes-Morales H, Juárez-Cedillo T, Espinel-Bermúdez C, Solórzano-Santos F, García-Peña C: A prediction model for root caries in an elderly population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011, 39: 44-52. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00569.x.CrossRefPubMed
68.
go back to reference Sugihara N, Maki Y, Okawa Y, Hosaka M, Matsukubo T, Takaesu Y: Factors associated with root surface caries in elderly. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2010, 51: 23-30. 10.2209/tdcpublication.51.23.CrossRefPubMed Sugihara N, Maki Y, Okawa Y, Hosaka M, Matsukubo T, Takaesu Y: Factors associated with root surface caries in elderly. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2010, 51: 23-30. 10.2209/tdcpublication.51.23.CrossRefPubMed
69.
go back to reference Ritter AV, Shugars DA, Bader JD: Root caries risk indicators: a systematic review of risk models. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010, 38: 383-97. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00551.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ritter AV, Shugars DA, Bader JD: Root caries risk indicators: a systematic review of risk models. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010, 38: 383-97. 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00551.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
go back to reference Hadler-Olsen S, Sandvik K, El-Agroudi MA, Øgaard B: The incidence of caries and white spot lesions in orthodontically treated adolescents with a comprehensive caries prophylactic regimen--a prospective study. Eur J Orthod. 2012, 34: 633-9. 10.1093/ejo/cjr068.CrossRefPubMed Hadler-Olsen S, Sandvik K, El-Agroudi MA, Øgaard B: The incidence of caries and white spot lesions in orthodontically treated adolescents with a comprehensive caries prophylactic regimen--a prospective study. Eur J Orthod. 2012, 34: 633-9. 10.1093/ejo/cjr068.CrossRefPubMed
71.
go back to reference Lovrov S, Hertrich K, Hirschfelder U: Enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontic treatment - Incidence and correlation to Various Oral-hygiene Parameters. J Orofac Orthop. 2007, 68: 353-63. 10.1007/s00056-007-0714-1.CrossRefPubMed Lovrov S, Hertrich K, Hirschfelder U: Enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontic treatment - Incidence and correlation to Various Oral-hygiene Parameters. J Orofac Orthop. 2007, 68: 353-63. 10.1007/s00056-007-0714-1.CrossRefPubMed
72.
go back to reference Martignon S, Ekstrand KR, Lemos MI, Lozano MP, Higuera C: Plaque, caries level and oral hygiene habits in young patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Health. 2010, 27: 133-8.PubMed Martignon S, Ekstrand KR, Lemos MI, Lozano MP, Higuera C: Plaque, caries level and oral hygiene habits in young patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Health. 2010, 27: 133-8.PubMed
73.
go back to reference Ogaard B: Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19-year-olds: a study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989, 96: 423-7. 10.1016/0889-5406(89)90327-2.CrossRefPubMed Ogaard B: Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19-year-olds: a study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989, 96: 423-7. 10.1016/0889-5406(89)90327-2.CrossRefPubMed
74.
go back to reference Richter AE, Arruda AO, Peters MC, Sohn W: Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011, 139: 657-64. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.037.CrossRefPubMed Richter AE, Arruda AO, Peters MC, Sohn W: Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011, 139: 657-64. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.037.CrossRefPubMed
75.
go back to reference van der Veen MH, Attin R, Schwestka-Polly R, Wiechmann D: Caries outcomes after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: do lingual brackets make a difference?. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010, 118: 298-303. 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00733.x.CrossRefPubMed van der Veen MH, Attin R, Schwestka-Polly R, Wiechmann D: Caries outcomes after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: do lingual brackets make a difference?. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010, 118: 298-303. 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00733.x.CrossRefPubMed
76.
go back to reference Zimmer BW, Rottwinkel Y: Assessing patient-specific decalcification risk in fixed orthodontic treatment and its impact on prophylactic procedures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004, 126: 318-24. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.09.031.CrossRefPubMed Zimmer BW, Rottwinkel Y: Assessing patient-specific decalcification risk in fixed orthodontic treatment and its impact on prophylactic procedures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004, 126: 318-24. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.09.031.CrossRefPubMed
77.
go back to reference Bagińska J, Rodakowska E, Wilczyńska-Borawska M, Jamiołkowski J: Index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (PUFA) in primary dentition of children from north-east Poland. Adv Med Sci. 2013, 21: 1-6. Bagińska J, Rodakowska E, Wilczyńska-Borawska M, Jamiołkowski J: Index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (PUFA) in primary dentition of children from north-east Poland. Adv Med Sci. 2013, 21: 1-6.
78.
go back to reference Campus G, Cagetti MG, Sale S, Carta G, Lingström P: Cariogram validity in schoolchildren: a two-year follow-up study. Caries Res. 2012, 46: 16-22. 10.1159/000334932.CrossRefPubMed Campus G, Cagetti MG, Sale S, Carta G, Lingström P: Cariogram validity in schoolchildren: a two-year follow-up study. Caries Res. 2012, 46: 16-22. 10.1159/000334932.CrossRefPubMed
79.
go back to reference Featherstone J D, White J M, et al: A randomized clinical trial of anticaries therapies targeted according to risk assessment (caries management by risk assessment). Caries Res 2012. 2012, 46: 118-129.CrossRef Featherstone J D, White J M, et al: A randomized clinical trial of anticaries therapies targeted according to risk assessment (caries management by risk assessment). Caries Res 2012. 2012, 46: 118-129.CrossRef
80.
go back to reference Mertz-Fairhurst EJ, Curtis JW, Ergle JW, Rueggeberg FA, Adair SM: Ultraconservative and cariostatic sealed restorations: results at year 10. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998, 129: 55-66. 10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0022.CrossRefPubMed Mertz-Fairhurst EJ, Curtis JW, Ergle JW, Rueggeberg FA, Adair SM: Ultraconservative and cariostatic sealed restorations: results at year 10. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998, 129: 55-66. 10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0022.CrossRefPubMed
81.
go back to reference Mertz-Fairhurst EJ, Adair SM, Sams DR, et al: Cariostatic and ultraconservative sealed restorations: nine-year results among children and adults. ASDC J Dent Child. 1995, 62: 97-107.PubMed Mertz-Fairhurst EJ, Adair SM, Sams DR, et al: Cariostatic and ultraconservative sealed restorations: nine-year results among children and adults. ASDC J Dent Child. 1995, 62: 97-107.PubMed
82.
go back to reference ten Cate JM: Remineralization of caries lesions extending into dentin. J Dent Res. 2001, 80: 1407-1411. 10.1177/00220345010800050401.CrossRefPubMed ten Cate JM: Remineralization of caries lesions extending into dentin. J Dent Res. 2001, 80: 1407-1411. 10.1177/00220345010800050401.CrossRefPubMed
83.
go back to reference Ng MW, Ramos-Gomez F, Lieberman M, et al: Disease Management of Early Childhood Caries: ECC Collaborative Project. Int J Den. 2014, 2014: 327801- Ng MW, Ramos-Gomez F, Lieberman M, et al: Disease Management of Early Childhood Caries: ECC Collaborative Project. Int J Den. 2014, 2014: 327801-
84.
go back to reference Meyer-Lueckel H, Bitter K, Paris S: Randomized controlled clinical trial on proximal caries infiltration: Three-year follow-up. Caries Res. 2012, 46: 544-548. 10.1159/000341807.CrossRefPubMed Meyer-Lueckel H, Bitter K, Paris S: Randomized controlled clinical trial on proximal caries infiltration: Three-year follow-up. Caries Res. 2012, 46: 544-548. 10.1159/000341807.CrossRefPubMed
85.
go back to reference Ekstrand KR, Bakhshandeh A, Martignon S: Treatment of proximal superficial caries lesions on primary molar teeth with resin infiltration and fluoride varnish versus fluoride varnish only: Efficacy after 1 year. Caries Res. 2010, 44: 41-46. 10.1159/000275573.CrossRefPubMed Ekstrand KR, Bakhshandeh A, Martignon S: Treatment of proximal superficial caries lesions on primary molar teeth with resin infiltration and fluoride varnish versus fluoride varnish only: Efficacy after 1 year. Caries Res. 2010, 44: 41-46. 10.1159/000275573.CrossRefPubMed
86.
go back to reference Paris S, Hopfenmuller W, Meyer-Lueckel H: Resin infiltration of caries lesions; an efficacy randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2010, 89: 823-826. 10.1177/0022034510369289.CrossRefPubMed Paris S, Hopfenmuller W, Meyer-Lueckel H: Resin infiltration of caries lesions; an efficacy randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2010, 89: 823-826. 10.1177/0022034510369289.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway
Authors
Amid I Ismail
Nigel B Pitts
Marisol Tellez
Authors of the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS)
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue Special Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-15-S1-S9

Other articles of this Special Issue 1/2015

BMC Oral Health 1/2015 Go to the issue