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BMC Endocrine Disorders

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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Diabetic Retinopathy | Research article

Skin autofluorescence and the complexity of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Xian Wang, Xingwang Zhao, Tingting Lian, Juanjin Wei, Wanxu Yue, Senwei Zhang, Qiu Chen

Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurring in skin tissues can be measured as skin autofluorescence (SAF). Here, we assessed the correlation between SAF values and the complexity and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications.

Methods

The basic clinical information of 825 patients with T2DM was collected through an electronic system, and SAF was measured by adapting a DM-Scan, a non-invasive optical signal detector. Diabetic complications were diagnosed based on clinical criteria by experienced doctors. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent determinants of SAF, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess independent determinants that influence the severity of the complications.

Results

SAF was significantly associated with the complexity of T2DM complications. Similarly, independent relationships between SAF and age (β = 0.389, P < 0.001), sex (β = − 2.221, P = 0.004), 2-h C-peptide (β = − 0.182, P = 0.017), aminotransferase (ALT, β = − 0.158, P = 0.041), blood creatinine (BCr, β = 0.206, P = 0.009), and fatty liver (β = 0.161, P = 0.026) were observed. With the increasing number of complications, the SAF values increased significantly after adjusting for related risk factors. The SAF values correlated with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy when compared with patients without any T2DM-associated complications. Moreover, the AGE-based diabetic complication risk score for each complication demonstrated a relationship with the presence or absence of certain complications.

Conclusion

SAF is an independent marker for diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and it is also a predictor of the complexity of T2DM complications. Moreover, the diabetic complication risk score is capable of predicting the risk of diabetic complications in patients with T2DM.

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Title: Skin autofluorescence and the complexity of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xian Wang
Xingwang Zhao
Tingting Lian
Juanjin Wei
Wanxu Yue
Senwei Zhang
Qiu Chen
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy
Fatty Liver
Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6823
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00725-6

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