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BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

Current epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: a national multicenter study in Brazil

Authors: Laura Gomes Nunes Melo, Paulo Henrique Morales, Karla Rezende Guerra Drummond, Deborah Conte Santos, Marcela Haas Pizarro, Bianca Senger Vasconcelos Barros, Tessa Cerqueria Lemos Mattos, André Araújo Pinheiro, Felipe Mallmann, Franz Schubert Lopes Leal, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Marilia Brito Gomes

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in economically active populations. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence and to identify risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes in Brazil.

Methods

This was a nationwide, cross-sectional study conducted between August 2010 and August 2014. The study included 1760 patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients underwent a standard questionnaire, clinical and laboratory analyses and were screened for diabetic retinopathy. To analyze the risk factors related to diabetic retinopathy, two models of logistic regression models were performed, one considering vision-threatening cases and the other with any diabetic retinopathy cases as dependent variables. The group with vision-threatening included patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema.

Results

In total, 1644 patients (mean age, 30.1± 12.0 years; duration of diabetes, 15.3 ± 9.3 years; female, 55.8%) were studied. 35.7% presented diabetic retinopathy and 12% presented vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Three risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy were in common to both groups: longer diabetes duration (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.09), higher levels of HbA1c (OR 1.24; CI, 1.17–1.32) and higher levels of serum uric acid (OR 1.22; CI, 1.13–1.31) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons).

Conclusion

The higher rate of vision-threatening retinopathy found in our study highlights the need to improve access to eye care and screening programs for diabetic retinopathy in Brazil. In addition to traditional risk factors, we found an association between serum uric acid levels and diabetic retinopathy. Further studies are needed to address this association.
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Metadata
Title
Current epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: a national multicenter study in Brazil
Authors
Laura Gomes Nunes Melo
Paulo Henrique Morales
Karla Rezende Guerra Drummond
Deborah Conte Santos
Marcela Haas Pizarro
Bianca Senger Vasconcelos Barros
Tessa Cerqueria Lemos Mattos
André Araújo Pinheiro
Felipe Mallmann
Franz Schubert Lopes Leal
Fernando Korn Malerbi
Marilia Brito Gomes
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5859-x

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